References
- Bernhard Waldenfels, Topographie des Fremden. 4 vols. Studien zur Phänomenologie des Fremden. 2nd ed. (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag 1997) vol. 1, 118, from now on referred to as SPF. [Fremden].
- Prosecutor v. Tadic Appeals Chamber, International Court for the Former Yugoslavia, 1995 Case No. IT-94–1-AR72, 2 October 1995, http://www.un.org.icty/tadic/appeal/decisione51001.htm Para. 97
- One treaty grants legal status to “stateless persons”. But only 42 states have ratified said treaty.
- Indeed, it is not a coincidence how often de jure or de facto statelessness has accompanied detention without trial, expulsion, internal displacement, torture; sex slavery and the sexual abuse of girls and women have been directed against stateless persons.
- For the monologic character of a modern legal discourse see William E. Conklin, Phenomenology of Modern Legal Discourse (Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1998), from now on referred to as Phenomenology.
- Waldenfels, SPF, p. 126.
- Waldenfels, “Interrogative Thinking: Reflections on Merleau-Ponty's Later Philosophy“ in Merleau-Ponty in Contemporary Perspective, P. Burke and J. Vander Veken eds., (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1993), 3–12.
- A state has had to possess a territory, a population, a government (in a centralised bureaucratic sense expected of Western European states), and a effective capacity to enter into relations with other states.
- Actually, Hegel describes the stateless peoples as “savage”, “barbaric”, “primitive”, “animalistic” and “hordes”. Kant describes stateless peoples as inferior, lazy, dirty, and servile. See generally David Harvey, “Cosmopolitanism and the Banality of Geographical Evil” in Public Culture 12 (2000): 529–64, at 532–36.
- Hobbes, Thomas, Leviathan, C.B. Macpherson, ed. (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1968), p. 187, 378; Locke, John, Second Treatise of Government, Peter Laslett, ed., Two Treatises of Government (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960), para. 48–9.
- Waldenfels, Order of the Twilight, David J. Parent, trans. (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1996), 114–16, Twilight. Trans. of Ordnung im Zwielicht (1987). Also see Waldenfels, Der Stachel des Fremden 3rd ed. (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1997).
- Guerin v. The Queen, [1984] 2 SCR 335. SCC.
- Compare: William E Conklin, The Invisible Origins of Legal Positivism: a Re-Reading of a Tradition (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2001), pp 80ff, [Invisible Origins].
- Bernhard Waldenfels, Twilight, pp. 66–9.
- See esp. Raz, Joseph, “Authority, Law and Morality”. Monist 68 (1985): 295–324 and reprinted in Raz, Ethics in the Public Domain (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994) 210–37.
- J.S. Mill, “A Few Words on Non Intervention“ in Essays on Equality, Law and Education with intro. by Stephan Collini. 33 vols. Collected Works of J.S. Mill, John Robson ed. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984), vol. 2, 111–124.
- Edmund Husserl, Logical Investigations. 2 vols. (New York: Humanities Press, 1970), vol. 2, 560–62.
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Prose of the World, John O'Neill, trans., Claude Lefort ed., (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1973), 103–04 [Prose].
- The distinction between a meant and posited object is elaborated in Conklin Phenomenology, pp. 51–68.
- Waldenfels, “Response and Responsibility in Lévinas“ in: Adrian T. Peperzak ed., Ethics as First Philosophy: The Significance of Emmanuel Lévinas for Philosophy, Literature and Religion (New York: Routledge, 1995), 39–52, at 41 [“Response”].
- Campbell v. Hall 1 Cowp. 204, 98 E.R. 1045.
- Hobbes, 187, 378.
- Hart, 92.
- Waldenfels, SPF, p. 101.
- Ibid. 86, 86.
- See, e.g., Hans Kelsen, The Pure Theory of Law, Max Knight trans. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970), 218 at fn 82; Joseph Raz, The Authority of Law (Oxford: Clarendon, 1979), 140; H.L.A. Hart, The Concept of Law 2d. (Oxford: Clarendon, 1994), 57–61. Raz argues that the official must be “committed” to the structure.
- Waldenfels, SPF, 86.
- Waldenfels ibid. 123.
- Waldenfels ibid. 115, quoting from Sartre.
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology of Perception, Colin Smith trans. (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962), 100ff, [Perception].
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty, “The Phenomenology of Language“ in Signs, Richard C. McCleary trans. (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1964), 84–97, at 95. [“Language”].
- Merleau-Ponty, Prose, p. 139.
- Ibid. p. 144.
- Merleau-Ponty, Perception, 174–99.
- See generally Conklin “The Trap” in Law and Critique 13 (2002): 1–28; and Phenomenology.
- Waldenfels, SPF, 117. Also see Conklin, Phenomenology, 69–101 and Invisible Origins, 269–73.
- Merleau-Ponty, Perception, p. 31f. Also see Merleau-Ponty, “Reflection and Interrogation” in The Visible and the Invisible, Alphonso Lingis trans. (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1968), 3–49.
- Hart, op. cit. 87.
- Waldenfels, “Response“, “Response to the Other” in Encountering the Other(s): Studies in Literature, History and Culture, Gisela Brinker-Gablen ed. (New York: State University of New York Press, 1995), 35–44, at 43.
- Waldenfels “Response”, p. 42
- Waldenfels, SPF, p. 116.
- Waldenfels is critical of both contextualists and universalists for they assume that communication or ‘dialogue’ can actually occur between the ‘we’ and the alien when the neutral Third presides over their disputes, as if a boundary separated the familiar from the stranger. ibid., p. 117.
- Ibid.
- Waldenfels, “Response“, p. 40.
- Ibid. and SPF, p. 126.
- Karl Jung, “The Concept of the Collective Unconscious“ in Walter K. Gordon ed., Literature in Critical Perspective (New York: Appleton-Crofts, 1968), 504–08 at 506.
- There is a sense in which, as Waldenfels describes of the Nazi genocide, the adjudication of individual cases by the Human Rights Committee cannot be compared with the extraordinary mass expulsions of the recent dark century. “Daß jeder, der eine Singularität von Menschheitsverbrechen nur im Singular, nicht aber im Plural zuläßt, doch wieder relativiert, indem er alle Verbrechen an einem historischen summum malum mißt, übersieht man nur allzu leicht”, SPF, p. 128.
- Ibid., p. 101.
- Ibid., p. 121
- Derrida, Jacques. “Force of Law: the Mystical Foundation of Law”. Cardozo Law Review 11 (1990): pp. 919–1045, p. 948: “S'adresser à l'autre dans la langue de l'autre, c'est à la fois la condition de toute justice possible, semble-t-il, mais cela parait non seulement impossible en toute rigueur (puisque je ne peux parler la langue de l'autre que dans la mesure où je me l'approprie et l'assimile selon la loi d'un tiers implicite) mais même exclu par la justice comme droit en tant qu'elle semble impliquer un élément d'universalité, le recours au tiers qui suspend l'unilatéralité ou la singularité des idiomes”.
- Waldenfels, SPF, pp. 101, 116.
- Waldenfels, “Experience of the Other: Between Appropriation and Disappropriation“ in Stephen K. White ed., Life-World and Politics: Between Modernity and Postmodernity: Essays in Honor of Fred R. Dallmayer (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1989), 66–77, at 72–6; and “Response to the Other”, pp. 42ff.
- Conklin, Phenomenology, pp. 241–45.
- Conklin, “A Phenomenological Theory of Human Rights of the Alien” in Ethical Perspectives, 13 (2006), pp. 245–301.