Foucault's Bodies

References

• Elsa Dorlin's recent study, La Matrice de la race—généalogie sexuelle et coloniale de la nation française (Paris: La Découverte, 2006) provides an excellent bibliography of the history of the Foucaultian problematic.
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• Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (New York: Routledge, 1999). Translator's Note: wherever possible we have used English language versions of the works to which Mathieu Potte-Bonneville refers.
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• See Butler's Preface to the 1999 edition of Gender Trouble, pp. xvii–xviii.
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• Ibid.
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• Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish (New York: Vintage, 1995), p. 30. Henceforth abbreviated DP.
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• “On a chez Foucault une théorie du corps comme condition illisible des fictions, et une théorie des fictions de corps”, M. de Certeau, “L'histoire une passion nouvelle”, Le Magazine littéraire, April 1977, 123, pp. 22–23.
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• Michel Foucault, The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences (London: Routledge, 1994), p. 314. Henceforth abbreviated OT.
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• Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1: An Introduction, trans. R. Hurley (New York: Random House, 1980), p. 157. Henceforth abbreviated HS 1.
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• The essay “Nietzsche, Genealogy, History” is held to support this view. See Michel Foucault, Essential Works of Foucault, Volume 2. Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology (New York: The New Press, 1998), pp. 369–391.
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• This is the reading defended by H. Dreyfus and P. Rabinow in Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983), Ch. 5.
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• Michel Foucault, The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception, trans. A. M. Sheridan (London: Routledge, 2005) p. 242. Hereafter abbreviated BC.
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• “[Mon corps] est lié à tous les ‘ailleurs’ du monde, et à vrai dire, il est ailleurs que dans le monde; car c'est autour de lui que les choses sont disposées, et c'est par rapport à lui, comme par rapport à un souverain, qu'il y a un dessus, un dessous, une droite, une gauche, un avant, un arrière, un proche, un lointain […] Le corps est au coeur du monde, ce petit noyau utopique à partir duquel je rêve, je parle, j'avance, j'imagine, je perçois les choses en leur place.” Michel Foucault, “Le corps utopique”, Radio conference from December 21st 1966, available on France-Culture CD, coll. “INA/Mémoire vive”.
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• Michel Foucault, “Preface to the 1961 Edition“, The History of Madness, trans. Jonathan Murphy and Jean Khlafa (New York and London: Routledge, 2006), pp. xxvii–xxxvi.
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• Michel Foucault, “Lecture 1, 7/11/1973,” Psychiatric Power: Lectures at the Collège de France 1973–1974, trans. Graham Burchell (New York: Picador, 2008), pp. 12–13. Hereafter abbreviated PP.
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• On the “ideality” of disciplinary rationality, see Foucault's remarks in “La Table ronde du 20 mai 1978” in Dits et écrits, T. IV, p.28. The double status, both material and ideal, of what Foucault calls “discipline” obviously poses particular problems. On this subject, see P. Artières and M. Potte-Bonneville, D'après Foucault (Paris: Les Prairies ordinaires, 2007), Ch. IV.
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• On this double relation of opposition and complementarity, see notably the connection between juridical law and disciplinary forces of opposition in DP 222.
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• See in particular DP 73–103.
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• On “the incorporation” of perversions, see HS 1, 42–44.
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• H. Dreyfus and P. Rabinow, Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics, Chs.7 & 8.
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• On examination, see DP 184–94.
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• On confession, see HS 1, 58–67.
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• Michel Foucault, History of Madness, trans. Jonathan Murphy and Jean Khlafa (New York and London: Routledge, 2006), p. 410.
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• An instance of such epistemological alternatives is the rivalry between the models of the machine and the organism to which George Canguilhem devoted his attention, a fact not ignored by Foucault. See G. Canguilhem, “Machine et organisme” in La Connaissance de la vie (Paris: Vrin, 1952).
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• On these various techniques constituting discipline, see “Docile Bodies” in DP 135–69.
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• HS 1, 104–105.
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• Michel Foucault, Abnormal: Lectures at the Collège de France 1974–1975, trans. Graham Burchell (London: Verso, 2003), pp. 57–8.
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• Michel Foucault, “The Subject and Power” in Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984, Volume 3. Power, ed. J. D. Faubion (London: Penguin, 2000), p. 336.
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• Michel Foucault, “The Order of Discourse“, trans. I. McLeod in Untying the Text: A Post-Structuralist Reader, ed. R. Young (London: Routledge, 1981), p. 69. Foucault's emphasis.
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• Ibid., p. 69.
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• Michel Foucault, “Lives of Infamous Men“ in Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984, Volume 3, p. 161.
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• See Foucault, History of Madness, pp. 530–32.
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• Foucault, “The Order of Discourse“, p. 73
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• “La question ne peut pas ne pas être posée de ce qui, dans le matérialisme et l'historicisme de Foucault, amène au voisinage immédiat du vitalisme, pour ne pas dire du biologisme”, E. Balibar, “L'enjeu du nominalisme”, in Michel Foucault philosophe—Rencontres international, Paris 9, 10, 11 janvier 1988 (Paris: Seuil, 1989), p.74.
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• See Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Empire (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000). For a critique of this reading, see notably J. Rancière, “Biopolitique ou politique” in Multitudes, No. 1, March 2000, pp.88–93.
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• M. Foucault, The Birth of Biopolitics, Lectures at the Collège de France 1978–1979, trans. Graham Burchell (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), pp. 29–47.
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• Foucault, History of Madness, pp. 3–6.
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• See DP 195–200.
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• Michel Foucault, Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France 1977–1978, trans. Graham Burchell, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), pp. 9–11.
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• On “eventalization” as “causal multiplication”, see “Table ronde du 20 mai 1978” in Dits et écrits, II, 1976–1988 (Paris: Quarto Gallimard, 2001).
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• P. Loraux, “Le souci de l'hétérogène“, in Au risque de Foucault (Paris, ed. Centre Georges Pompidou, 1997) pp. 31–39.
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• “La plupart du temps, ceux qui racontent leur changement de sexe appartiennent à un monde fortement bisexuel; le malaise de leur identité se traduit par le désir de passer de l'autre côté (…). Ici, l'intense monosexualité de la vie religieuse et scolaire sert de révélateur aux tendres plaisirs que découvre et provoque la non-identité sexuelle, quand elle s'égare au milieu de tous ces corps semblables”., “Le vrai sexe” in Dits et Ecrits, II, 1976–1988, No. 287.
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