Corporations in the US and Europe 1790–1860

References

• Acemoglu, D., and J.Robinson. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty. NY: Crown, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Acheson, G. G., C. R.Hickson, and J. D.Turner. “Does Limited Liability Matter? Evidence from Nineteenth Century British Banking.” Review of Law and Economics6, no. 2 (2010): 247–273.
   Google Scholar
• Alborn, T. L.Conceiving Companies: Joint Stock Politics in Victorian England. London: Routledge, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, G. M., and R. D.Tollison. “The Myth of the Corporation as a Creation of the State.” International Review of Law and Economics3, no. 2 (1983): 107–120.
   Google Scholar
• Andras, H. W.Historical Review of Life Assurance. London: Layton, 1912.
   Google Scholar
• Angell, J. K., and S.Ames. A Treatise on the Law of Private Corporations Aggregate. Boston, MA: Hilliard, Gray, Little & Wilkins, 1832.
   Google Scholar
• Anon. Return of the Number of Proprietors in each Railway Company in the UK, 31 December 1855 (BPP 1856 LIV).
   Google Scholar
• Anon, “Les Sociétés Françaises d'après leur objet.” [French Companies by Sector]Bulletin de Statistique et de la Législation Comparée49 (1901): 559–601.
   Google Scholar
• Banner, S.Anglo-American Securities Regulation: Cultural and Political Roots, 1690–1860. Cambridge: CUP, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Bartlett, Thomas. A Treatise on British Mining. London: Lombard Street, 1850.
   Google Scholar
• Berle, A. A., and G. C.Means. The Modern Corporation and Private Property. New York: Commerce Clearing House, 1932.
   Google Scholar
• Blair, M. M. “Locking in Capital: What Corporate Law achieved for business organizers in the Nineteenth Century.” UCLA Law Review51 (2003): 387–455.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodenhorn, H. “Voting Rights, Share Concentration, and Leverage at Nineteenth Century US Banks.” NBER Working paper 17808, February 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Bogart, D. “Did Turnpike Trusts Increase Transportation Investment in Eighteenth Century England?” Journal of Economic History65, no. 2 (June 2005): 439–468.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogart, D. “The Transport Revolution in Industrializing Britain: A Survey.” UC Irvine, Department of Economics working paper, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Bogart, D., M. Drelichman, O. Gelderboom, and J-LRosenthal. “State and Private Institutions.” In Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe, I, 1700–1870, edited by S. Broadberry, and K. H. O'Rourke, 70–95. Cambridge: CUP, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Bösselmann, K.Die Entwicklung des deutschen Aktienwesens im 19. Jahrhundert. [The Growth of German Shareholding in the Nineteenth Century.]. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1930.
   Google Scholar
• Broderick, D.The First Toll Roads: Ireland's Turnpike Roads, 1729–1858. Cork: Collins, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Burdett, Henry, C.Official Intelligence for 1882, vol. 1. London: Couchman, 1882.
   Google Scholar
• Burdett, Henry, C.Official Intelligence for 1884, vol 2. London: II, Effingham Wilson, 1884.
   Google Scholar
• Burns, A. R. “Joint Stock Companies.” Encylopaedia of the Social Sciences, vol. 4, 411–413. NY: Macmillan, 1932.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, R. H. “The Law on Joint Stock Companies in Scotland.” In Studies in Scottish Business History, edited by P. L.Payne, 136–151. London: Cass, 1967.
   Google Scholar
• Casson, M. The World's First Railway System: Enterprise, Competition and Regulation in the Railway Network in Victorian Britain. Oxford: OUP, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Christie, J. R. “Joint Stock Enterprise in Scotland before the Companies Act.” Juridical Review21, no. 2 (1909): 128–147.
   Google Scholar
• Clifford, F.A History of Private Bill Legislation. Butterworth, London, vol. 1, 1885, vol. 2, 1887.
   Google Scholar
• Colling, A.La Prodigieuse Histoire de la Bourse [The Amazing History of the Stock Exchange.].Paris: SEF, 1949.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, M.Money and Banking in the UK: a history. London: Croom Helm, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Congrès International des Valeurs Mobilières. Rapport, vol 2. Paris: Dunod, 1900.
   Google Scholar
• Cottrell, P. L.Industrial Finance 1830–1914. London: Methuen, 1979.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, L., and D. C.North. Institutional Change and American Economic Growth. Cambridge: CUP, 1971.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, R.The Rise of the English Shipping Industry in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Newton Abbott: David & Charles, 1962.
   Google Scholar
• Dobbin, F.Forging Industrial Policy: the US, Britain and France in the Railway Age. NY: CUP, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Dodd, E. M.American Business Corporations to 1860, With Special Reference to Massachusetts. Cambridge MA: HUP, 1954.
   Google Scholar
• Dupuichault, R.Loi norvégienne du 19 juillet 1910 sur les sociétés anonymes et les sociétés en commandite par actions [Norwegian Law of 19 July 1910 on Corporations and Limited Partnerships with Shares.].Paris: Pedone, 1912.
   Google Scholar
• Engel, E.Die erwerbstätigen juristischen Personen insbesondere die Actiengesellschaften im preussischen Staate [Legal Personhood particularly in Prussian Corporations.].Berlin: Royal Statistical Bureau Press, 1876.
   Google Scholar
• English, H.A Complete View of the Joint-Stock Companies Formed During the Years 1824 and 1825. London: Boosey & Sons, 1827.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, D. M.The Banking Almanac, Directory, Year Book and Diary for 1861. London: Groombridge, 1860.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, G. H.British Corporation Finance, 1775–1850. Baltimore: JHUP, 1936.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, G. H.Business Incorporations in the United States 1800–1943. London: NBER, 1948.
   Google Scholar
• Falkner, R. P. “Statistics of Private Corporations.” Publications of the American Statistical Association2, no. 10 (June 1890): 50–67.
   Google Scholar
• Ferguson, N. The Great Degeneration. London: Allen Lane, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Field, A. J. “Land Abundance, Interest/Profit Rates, and Nineteenth-century American and British technology.” Journal of Economic History43, no. 2 (June 1983): 405–431.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishlow, A. American Railroads and the Transformation of the Antebellum Economy. Cambridge MA: HUP, 1966.
   Google Scholar
• Forbes, K. F. “Limited Liability and the Development of the Business Corporation.” Journal of Law, Economics and Organization2, no. 1 (Spring 1986): 163–177.
   Google Scholar
• Foreman-Peck, J., and L.Hannah. “Extreme Divorce: The Managerial Revolution in UK Companies Before 1914 1.” Economic History Review65, no. 4 (2012): 1217–1238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foreman-Peck, J., and R.Millward. Public and Private Ownership of British Industry, 1820–1990. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Freedeman, C. R. Joint Stock Enterprise in France 1807–1867. Chapel Hill NC: UNC Press, 1979.
   Google Scholar
• Freeman, M., R.Pearson, and J.Taylor. Shareholder Democracies? Corporate Governance in Britain and Ireland before 1850. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Fremdling, R. Eisenbahnen und deutsches Wirtschaftswachstum 1840–1879. [Railways and German Economic Growth 1840–1879.]. Gesellschaft für westfälische Dortmund: Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• French, E. A. “The Origin of General Limited Liability in the United Kingdom.” Accounting and Business Research21, no. 81 (1990): 15–34.
   Google Scholar
• Frère, L. Etudes Historiques des Sociétés Anonymes Belges [Historical Studies on Belgian Companies.]. Brussels, Desmet-Verteneuil, 1938.
   Google Scholar
• Gatty, R.Portrait of a Merchant Prince: James Morrison, 1759–1857. Allerton: Pepper Norton, n.d.
   Google Scholar
• Getzler, J., and M. Macnair. “The Firm as an Entity Before the Companies Acts.” In Adventures of the Law: Proceedings of the Sixteenth British Legal History Conference 2003, edited by P. Brand, K. Costello, and W. N.Osborough, 267–288. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Glaeser, E. L., and C.Goldin. Corruption and Reform: Lessons From America's Economic History. Chicago, IL: UCP, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Gommel, R, H. Pohl, and G. Jachmich. Deutsche Börsengeschichte. [History of German Stock Exchanges]Frankfurt: Knapp, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Guinnane, T., R.Harris, N.Lamoreaux, and J. L.Rosenthal. “Pouvoir et propriété dans l'entreprise: pour une histoire internationale des societies à responsabilité limitée.” [Ownership and Control of the Enterprise: towards an international history of limited liability companies]Annales63, no. 1 (2008): 73–110.
   Google Scholar
• Handlin, O., and M. F.Handlin. Commonwealth: A Study of Government in the American Economy: Massachusetts, 1774–1861. NY: NYUP, 1947.
   Google Scholar
• Hannah, L. The Rise of the Corporate Economy. London: Methuen, 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Hannah, L. “A Global Census of Corporations in 1910,” University of Tokyo Discussion paper, CIRJE F-B77, February 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Hannah, L., and J. Rutterford. “When Did US ‘Shareholder Democracy' Overtake the UK? Equity Shareholding 1890–1970.” (forthcoming).
   Google Scholar
• Hansmann, H., R.Kraakman, and R.Squire. “Law and the Rise of the Firm.” Harvard Law Review119 (March, 2006): 1333–1403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, R. Industrializing English law: entrepreneurship and business organization, 1720–1844. Cambridge: CUP, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Hawke, G. R., and M. C.Reed. “Railway Capital in the United Kingdom in the Nineteenth Century.” Economic History Review22, no. 2 (August 1969): 269–286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heckscher, Eli. Mercantilism, 2 vols. London: Allen & Unwin, 1935.
   Google Scholar
• Hessen, Robert. In Defense of the Corporation. Stanford CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1979.
   Google Scholar
• Hickson, C. R., J. D. Turner, and QingYe. “The Rate of Return on Equity across Industrial Sectors on the British Stock Market, 1825–70.” Economic History Review64, no. 4 (November 2011): 1218–1241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilt, E. “When Did Ownership Separate From Control? Corporate Governance in the Early Nineteenth Century.” Journal of Economic History68, no. 3 (September 2008): 645–685.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobson, C. K.The Export of Capital. London: Constable, 1914.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, P. T., G. Postel-Vinay, and J-LRosenthal. Surviving Large Losses: Financial Crises, the Middle Class and the Development of Capital Markets. Cambridge MA: HUP, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Hohorst, G.Wirtschaftlicheswachstum und Bevölkerungsentwicklung in Preussen [The Growth of the Economy and Population of Prussia.]. NY: Arno Press, 1977 1816 bis 1914.
   Google Scholar
• Hunt, B. C. The Development of the Business Corporation in England 1800–1867. Cambridge MA: HUP, 1936.
   Google Scholar
• Jantzen, J. Die freiwillige Veräusserung von Schiffen und Schiffsparten [The Voluntary Alienation of Ships and Ship Shares.].Leipzig: Gerhardt, 1911.
   Google Scholar
• Jaremski, M. S., and P. Rousseau. “Banks, Free Banks and US Economic Growth.” NBER Working Paper no 18021, April 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Jefferys, J. B. Business Organisation in Great Britain, 1856–1914. NY: Arno Press, 1971.
   Google Scholar
• Jobert, P. Les Entreprises aux XIXe et XXe Siècles [Enterprises in the 19th and 20th Centuries.].Paris: Presses de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, P. Making the Market: Victorian Origins of Corporate Capitalism. Cambridge MA: CUP, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Keller, W., and C. H. Shiue. “The Link Between Fundamentals and Proximate Factors in Development.” NBER working paper 18808, Feb 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler, A. D. “Limited Liability in Context: Lessons from the French Origins of the American Limited Partnership.” Journal of Legal Studies32, no. 2 (June 2003): 511–548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kocka, J. “Entrepreneurs and Managers in German Industrialization.” In The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, vii, pt. i. The Industrial Economies: Capital, Labour, and Enterprise, edited by M. M.Postan, D. C.Coleman, and P.Mathias, 492–589. Cambridge: CUP, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Lamoreaux, N. R. “Scylla or Charybdis? Historical Reflections on Two Basic Problems of Corporate Governance.” Business History Review83, no. 1 (Spring 2009): 9–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lastig, G.Die Accomendatio und benachbarte Rechtsinstitute: die Grundform der heutigen Kommanditgesellschaften in ihrer Gestaltung vom XIII bis XIX Jahrhundert [The Commenda and Similar Institutions: the origins of Limited Liability Partnerships from the 13th to the 19th Centuries.].Halle: Waisenhauses, 1907.
   Google Scholar
• ‘Lever’. The Railway and the Mine: Lever's Illustrated Year Book. London: Lever, 1861.
   Google Scholar
• Levi, L. “On Joint Stock Companies.” Journal of the Statistical Society of London33, no. 1 (March 1870): 1–41.
   Google Scholar
• Lindert, P., and H. G. Williamson. “American Incomes before and after the Revolution.” 2011 NBER Working Paper 17211.
   Google Scholar
• Livermore, S. Early American Land Companies and their Influence on Corporate Development. London: OUP, 1939.
   Google Scholar
• Maddison, A. The World Economy. Paris: OECD, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• May, T. E. A Treatise on the Law, Privileges, Proceedings and Usages of Parliament. London: Knight, 1844.
   Google Scholar
• Mayer, C. Firm Commitment: Why the Corporation is Failing Us and How to Restore Trust in It. Oxford: OUP, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Michie, R. C. Money, Mania and Markets: Investment, Company Formation and the Stock Exchange in Nineteenth Century Scotland. Edinburgh: Donald, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Neymarck, A. Aperçus Financiers 1868–72 [Financial Surveys 1868-1872.]. Paris: Dentu, 1872.
   Google Scholar
• Neymarck, A.Ce qu'on appelle la Féodalité Financière: Le Classement et la Répartition des Actions et des Obligations des Chemins de Fer de 1860 à 1900. [So-called Financial Feudalism: the classification and distribution of French railway securities.]. Paris: Guillaumin, 1902.
   Google Scholar
• North, D. C., J. J.Wallis, and B. R.Weingast. Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History. NY: CUP, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Ostergaard, Charlotte, and David, C. Smith. “Corporate Governance before there was Corporate law.”, University of Virginia Working Paper, April 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Pargendler, M., and H.Hansmann. “A New View of Shareholder Voting in the Nineteenth Century: Evidence From Brazil, England and France.” Business History55, no. 4 (2013): 585–602, online publication DOI:10.1080/00076791.2012.741972.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passow, Richard. Die wirtschafliche Bedeutung und Organisation der Aktiengesellschaft [The Economic Meaning and Organisation of the Corporation.]. Jena: Fischer, 1907.
   Google Scholar
• Picard, A.Les chemins de fer français [French Railways.].Paris: Rothschild, 1884.
   Google Scholar
• Poor, H. V. History of the Canals and Railroads of the United States, vol. 1. NY: Schultz, 1860.
   Google Scholar
• Radtke, W. Die preussische Seehandlung zwischen Staat und Wirtschaft in der Frühphase der Industrialisierung [The Prussian Maritime Bank between Government and Business during early Industrialisation.].Berlin: Colloquium, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Rauchberg, H.Die Berufs- und Gewerbezählung im Deutschen Reich vom 14 Juni 1895 [The Occupational and Industrial Census of the German Empire of 14 June 1895.]. Berlin: Heymanns, 1901.
   Google Scholar
• Riesser, J. Die deutschen Grossbanken [The German Great Banks.].Jena: Fischer, 1910.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg, N, ed. The American System of Manufactures. Edinburgh: EUP, 1969.
   Google Scholar
• Schauer, C. Die Preussische Bank. [The Bank of Prussia.].Halle: Heinrich John, 1912.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz, A. J. “Gross Dividend and Interest Payments by Corporations at Selected Dates in the Nineteenth Century.” NBER, Trends in the American Economy in the Nineteenth Century, 407–448. Princeton: PUP, 1960.
   Google Scholar
• Secretary of the Treasury. Report… the Amount of American Securities held in Europe and other foreign countries on the 30th June, 1853, Executive Document no 42, 33rd Congress, 1st session, Washington DC, 1854, reprinted in Mira Wilkins, ed., Foreign Investments in the United States, Arno Press, New York, 1977, pp. 1–53.
   Google Scholar
• Secretary of the Treasury. Report… Banks of the Country. March 1861, vol no 1101, session vol no 10, 38th Congress, 2nd session, executive document 77, Washington, GPO, 1861.
   Google Scholar
• Shannon, H. A. “The Coming of General Limited Liability.” Economic HistoryII, no. 6 (January 1931): 267–291.
   Google Scholar
• Shannon, H. A. “The First Five Thousand Limited Liability Companies and their Duration.” Economic HistoryII, no. 7 (January 1932): 396–324.
   Google Scholar
• Shannon, H. A. “The Limited Companies of 1886–1883.” Economic History Review4, no. 3 (October 1933): 290–316.
   Google Scholar
• Smart, Michael. “On Limited Liability and the Development of Capital Markets: An Historical Analysis.” University of Toronto Working paper, June 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, C. O. “The Longest Run: Public Engineers and Planning in France.” American Historical Review95, no. 3 (June 1990): 657–692.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stalson, J. O. Marketing Life Insurance: Its History in America. Cambridge, MA: HUP, 1942.
   Google Scholar
• Stevens, F. W. The Beginnings of the New York Central Railroad: a History. NY: Putnam's Sons, 1926.
   Google Scholar
• Sylla, R, and R. Wright. “Corporation Formation in the Antebellum United States in Comparative Context.” Business History55, no. 4 (2013): 653–669.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, G. R, and I. D. Neu. The American Railroad Network 1861–1890. Cambridge, MA: HUP, 1956.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, J. Creating Capitalism: Joint-Stock Enterprise in British Politics and Culture 1800–1870. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Théry, E. Les Valeurs Mobilières en France [Securities in France.].Paris: Economiste Européen, 1897.
   Google Scholar
• Thieme, H. “Statistische Materialien zur Konzessionierung von Aktiengesellschaften in Preussen bis 1867.” [Statistical Materials on Corporate Chartering in Prussia before 1867]Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte2 (1960): 285–300.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, W. A. The Stock Exchanges of Ireland. Liverpool: Cairns, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Toms, S. “Producer Co-operatives and Economic Efficiency: Evidence from the Nineteenth-century Cotton Textile Industry.” Business History54, no. 6 (October 2012): 855–882.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Borght, R. Statistische Studien über die Bewährung der Actiengesellschaften. Jena: Fischer, 1883.
   Google Scholar
• van Fenstermaker, J. The Development of American Commercial Banking, 1782–1937. Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1965.
   Google Scholar
• von Schreiber, K. Die preussischen Eisenbahnen und ihr Verhältniss zum Staat 1834–1874 [Prussian Railways and their relations with the State 1834–1874.]. Berlin: Ernst & Korn, 1874.
   Google Scholar
• Walford, C. “On Fires and Fire Insurance considered under their Historical, Financial, Statistical and National Aspects.” Journal of the Statistical Society40, no. 3 (September 1877): 347–431.
   Google Scholar
• Weber, Warren, E. “Early State Banks in the United States: How Many Were There and When Did They Exist?” Journal of Economic History66, no. 2 (June 2006): 433–455.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, O. C.The Historical Development of Private Bill Procedure and Standing Orders in the House of Commons, vol. 1. London: HMSO, 1948.
   Google Scholar
• Worms, E. Les Sociétés par Actions et Opérations de Bourse [Corporations and Stock Exchange Transactions.].Paris: Cotillon, 1867.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, R. E. “Bank Ownership and Lending Patterns in New York and Pennsylvania, 1781–1831.” Business History Review73, no. 1 (Spring 1999): 40–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, R. E. Corporation Nation. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Yonekawa, S. “The Growth of Cotton Spinning Firms: A Comparative Study.” In The Textile Industry and its Business Climate, edited by Yonekawa, and A. Okochi, 1–44. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1982.
   Google Scholar