Politics at the margins: alternative sites of political involvement among young people in Cameroon

References

• Abbink, Jon. 2005. “Being Young in Africa: The Politics of Despair and Renewal.” In Vanguard or Vandals: Youth, Politics and Conflict in Africa, edited by Jon Abbink and Ineke van Kessel, 1–34. Leiden: Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Abu-Lughod, Lila. 1990. “The Romance of Resistance: Tracing Transformations of Power through Bedouin Women.” American Ethnologist 17 (1): 41–55. 10.1525/ae.1990.17.1.02a00030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anyangwe, Carlson. 2009. Betrayal of Too Trusting a People: The UN, the UK and the Trust Territory of the Southern Cameroons. Bamenda: Langa Research & Publishing CIG.
   Google Scholar
• Anyefru, Emmanuel. 2008. “Cyber-Nationalism: The Imagined Anglophone Cameroon Community in Cyberspace.” African Identities 6 (3): 253–274. 10.1080/14725840802223572
   Google Scholar
• Ardener, Edwin. 1965. Historical Notes on the Scheduled Movements of West Cameroon. Buea: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Atanga, Mufor L. 1994. The Political Economy of West Cameroon: A Study in the Alienation of a Linguistic Minority. M.Sc. Thesis, Ahmadou Bello University, Zaria.
   Google Scholar
• de Certeau, Michel. 1984. The Practice of Everyday Life. Translated by Steven Rendall. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chabal, Patrick, and J.-P. Daloz. 1999. Africa Works: Disorder as Political Instrument. Oxford: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Chatterjee, Partha. 1995. The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chiabi, Emmanuel. 1997. The Making of Modern Cameroon: A History of Substate Nationalism and Disparate Union, 1914–1961. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
   Google Scholar
• Cole, Jennifer. 2010. Sex and Salvation: Imagining the Future in Madagascar. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press. 10.7208/chicago/9780226113326.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Comaroff, J., and J. L. Comaroff. 2005. “Reflections on Youth, from the past to the Postcolony.” In Makers and Breakers: Children and Youth in Postcolonial Africa, edited by Filip de Boeck and Alcinda Honwana, 267–281. London: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Comaroff, John L., and Jean Comaroff. 2008. “The Colonization of Consciousness.” In A Reader in the Anthropology of Religion, edited by Michael Lambek, 464–478. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Cruise O’Brien, D. 1996. “A Lost Generation? Youth Identity and State Decay in West Africa.” In Postcolonial Identities in Africa, edited by R. Werbner and T. Ranger, 55–74. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Durham, Deborah. 2000. “Youth and the Social Imagination in Africa: Introduction to Parts 1 and 2.” Anthropological Quarterly 73: 113–120. 10.1353/anq.2000.0003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durham, Deborah. 2004. “Disappearing Youth: Youth as a Social Shifter in Botswana.” American Ethnologist 31 (4): 589–605. 10.1525/ae.2004.31.4.589
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, Sonja J. 2004. “Young People and Political Action: Who is Taking Responsibility for Positive Social Change?” Journal of Youth Studies 7 (1): 89–102. 10.1080/1367626042000209976
   Google Scholar
• Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1940. The Nuer. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Eyoh, Dickson. 1998. “Conflicting Narratives of Anglophone Protest and the Politics of Identity in Cameroon.” Journal of Contemporary African Studies 16: 249–276. 10.1080/02589009808729630
   Google Scholar
• Fahmy, Eldin. 2006. Young Citizens: Young People’s Involvement in Politics and Decision Making. Hampshire: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Fokwang, Jude. 2003. “Ambiguous Transitions: Mediating Citizenship among Youth in Cameroon.” Africa Development XXVIII: 76–104.
   Google Scholar
• Fokwang, Jude. 2007a. Being Young in Old Town: Youth Subjectivities and Associational Life in Bamenda. PhD Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto.
   Google Scholar
• Fokwang, Jude. 2007b. “Youth Involvement in Civil Society in Cameroon since 1990.” Africa Insight 37 (3): 308–326.
   Google Scholar
• Fokwang, Jude. 2009. “Student Activism, Violence and the Politics of Higher Education in Cameroon: A Case Study of the University of Buea (1993–2003).” In Youth and Higher Education in Africa: The Cases of Cameroon, South Africa, Eritrea and Zimbabwe, edited by Donald Chimanikire, 9–33. Dakar: CODESRIA.
   Google Scholar
• Fokwang, Jude. 2015. “Urban Women’s Societies and the Moral Economy of Sisterhood in Bamenda, Cameroon.” Paper presented at the African Studies Association –USA Annual Conference, San Diego, CA, November 19–22,2015.
   Google Scholar
• Fonchingong, Charles. 2005. “Exploring the Politics of Identity and Ethnicity in State Reconstruction in Cameroon.” Social Identities 11 (4): 363–380. 10.1080/13504630500356355
   Google Scholar
• Fortes, Meyer, and E. E. Evans-Pritchard. 1940. African Political Systems. London: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fuh, Divine. 2012. “The Prestige Economy: Veteran Clubs and Youngmen’s Competition in Bamenda, Cameroon.” Urban Forum 23 (4): 501–526. 10.1007/s12132-012-9157-x
   Google Scholar
• Furlong, A. 2000. “Introduction: Youth in a Changing World.” International Social Science Journal 52: 129–134. 10.1111/issj.2000.52.issue-164
   Google Scholar
• Furlong, Andy, and Fred Cartmel. 2007. Young People and Social Change: New Perspectives. 2nd ed. Maidenhead, England: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gabriel, Jürg Martin. 1999. “Cameroon’s Neopatrimonial Dilemma.” Journal of Contemporary African Studies 17 (2): 173–196. 10.1080/02589009908729646
   Google Scholar
• Henn, Matt, and Mark Weinstein. 2006. “Young People and Political (in)Activism: Why Don’t Young People Vote?” Policy & Politics 34 (3): 517–534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, G., and C. Wallace. 1992. Youth, Family and Citizenship. Buckingham: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jua, Nantang. 1991. “Cameroon: Jump-Starting an Economic Crisis.” Africa Insight 21 (1): 162–170.
   Google Scholar
• Jua, Nantang. 1993. “State, Oil and Accumulation.” In Pathways to Accumulation in Cameroon, edited by P. Geschiere and Piet Konings, 131–159. Paris: Karthala.
   Google Scholar
• Jua, Nantang. 2003. “Differential Responses to Disappearing Transitional Pathways: Redefining Possibility among Cameroonian Youths.” African Studies Review 46: 13–36. 10.2307/1514824
   Google Scholar
• Kofele-Kale, N. 1987. “Class, Status and Power in Post-Unification Cameroon: The Rise of an Anglophone Bourgeoisie, 1961–80.” In Studies in Power and Class in Africa, edited by I. Markovitz, 135–169. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Konings, Piet. 2002. “University Students’ Revolt, Ethnic Militia, and Violence during Political Liberalization in Cameroon.” African Studies Review 45 (2): 179–204. 10.1017/S0002020600031486
   Google Scholar
• Konings, Piet. 2005. “Anglophone University Students and Anglophone Nationalist Struggles in Cameroon.” In Vanguard or Vandals: Youth, Politics and Conflict in Africa, edited by Jon Abbink and Ineke van Kessel, 161–188. Leiden: Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Konings, Piet, and Francis B. Nyamnjoh. 1997. “The Anglophone Problem in Cameroon.” Journal of Modern African Studies 35 (2): 207–229. 10.1017/S0022278X97002401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konings, Piet, and Francis B. Nyamnjoh. 2003. Negotiating an Anglophone Identity: A Study of the Politics of Recognition and Representation in Cameroon. Brill: Leiden & Boston.
   Google Scholar
• Malaquais, D. 2001. Anatomie d’une arnaque: feymen et feymania au Cameroun. 77. Paris: CERI.
   Google Scholar
• Mbaku, John Mukum. 2002. “Cameroon’s Stalled Transition to Democratic Governance: Lessons for Africa’s New Democrats.” African and Asian Studies 1 (3): 125–163. 10.1163/15692090260233994
   Google Scholar
• Mbaku, John Mukum. 2004. “Decolonization, Reunification and Federation in Cameroon.” In The Leadership Challenge in Africa: Cameroon under Biya, edited by John Mukum Mbaku and Joseph Takougang, 31–66. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mbaku, John Mukum, and Nicodemus Fru Awasom. 2004. “Cameroon.” In Teen Life in Africa, edited by Toyin Falola, 29–54. London: Greenwood Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mbembe, Achille. 1985. Les Jeunes et L’Ordre Politique en Afrique Noire. Paris: L’Harmattan.
   Google Scholar
• Menthong, Hélène-Laure. 1999. “Politique et Champ Scholaire: L’école aux politiciens.” In La Révolution Passive au Cameroun: État, Société et Changement, edited by Luc Sindjoun, 9–66. Dakar: CODESRIA.
   Google Scholar
• Mukong, Albert. 1990. The Case for the Southern Cameroons. Enugu: Chuka Printing Company Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Ndjio, Basile. 2006. Feymania: New Wealth, Magic Money and Power in Contemporary Cameroon. PhD Thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Ndjio, Basile. 2008. “Mokoagne Moni: Sorcery and New Forms of Wealth in Cameroon.” Past and Present no. Supplement 199: 271–289. 10.1093/pastj/gtm068
   Google Scholar
• Nna, M. 2001. “Le Paradigme de la minorité politique au Cameroun: stratégie d’intégration ou d’exclusion politiques de la jeunesse?” Revue juridique et politique 55 (1): 25–37.
   Google Scholar
• Nyamnjoh, Francis B. 1999. “Cameroon: A Country United by Ethnic Ambition and Difference.” African Affairs 98 (390): 101–118. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a007989
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyamnjoh, Francis B. 2005. “Images of Nyongo amongst Bamenda Grassfielders in Whiteman Kontri.” Citizenship Studies 9 (3): 241–269. 10.1080/13621020500147319
   Google Scholar
• Nyamnjoh, Francis B. 2011. “Cameroonian Bushfalling: Negotiation of Identity and Belonging in Fiction and Ethnography.” American Ethnologist 38 (4): 701–713. 10.1111/j.1548-1425.2011.01331.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyamnjoh, Francis B., and Jude Fokwang. 2003. “Music and Politics in Cameroon.” In Cameroon: Politics and Society in Critical Perspective, edited by Jean-Germain Gros, 185–209. Lanham: University Press of America.
   Google Scholar
• O’Toole, Therese, Michael Lister, Dave Marsh, and Su Jones, and Alex McDonagh. 2003. “Tuning out or Left out? Participation and Non-Participation among Young People.” Contemporary Politics 9 (1): 45–61. 10.1080/1356977032000072477
   Google Scholar
• Orock, Rogers Tabe E. 2013. “Manyu Youths, Belonging and the Antinomies of Patrimonial Elite Politics in Contemporary Cameroon.” Cultural Dynamics 25 (3): 269–290. doi:10.1177/0921374013495211.
   Google Scholar
• Ortner, Sherry B. 1995. “Resistance and the Problem of Ethnographic Refusal.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 37 (1): 173–193. 10.1017/S0010417500019587
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelican, Michaela. 2011. “Mbororo on the Move: From Pastoral Mobility to International Travel.” Journal of Contemporary African Studies 29 (4): 427–440. 10.1080/02589001.2011.607015
   Google Scholar
• Que´niart, Anne, and Julie Jacques. 2004. “Political Involvement among Young Women: A Qualitative Analysis.” Citizenship Studies 8 (2): 177–193. 10.1080/1362102042000214741
   Google Scholar
• Rheingans, Rowan, and Robert Hollands. 2012. “‘There is No Alternative?’: Challenging Dominant Understandings of Youth Politics in Late Modernity through a Case Study of the 2010 UK Student Occupation Movement.” Journal of Youth Studies 16 (4): 546–564.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodman, Margaret C. 1992. “Empowering Place: Multilocality and Multivocality.” American Anthropologist 94 (3): 640–656. 10.1525/aa.1992.94.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, James C. 1985. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Seymour, Susan. 2006. “Resistance.” Anthropological Theory 6 (3): 303–321. 10.1177/1463499606066890
   Google Scholar
• Southwell, P. L. 2003. “The Politics of Alienation: Nonvoting and Support for Third-Party Candidates among 18-30-Year-Olds.” The Social Science Journals 40 (1): 99–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, Victor W. 1967. “Betwixt and Between: The Liminal Period in Rites de Passage.” In The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual, edited by Victor W. Turner, 93–111. Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Warnier, Jean-Pierre. 1996. “Rebellion, Defection and the Position of Male Cadets: A Neglected Category.” In African Crossroads: Intersections between History and Ethnography in Cameroon, edited by I. Fowler and D. Zeitlyn, 115–124. Providence & Oxford: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2012. “Cameroon Economic Update” (Issue 3). Yaounde: World Bank.
   Google Scholar