Separation of aluminium and preparation of powdered DRI from lateritic iron ore based on direct reduction process

References

• M. Widdowson: ‘Laterite and ferricrete’, in ‘Geochemical sediments and landscapes’, (ed. D. J. Nash and S. J. McLaren), 46–94; 2007, Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• S. V. Baev, G. A. Uryavin, L. N. Leont’ev, B. Z. Kudinov, M. G. Gubaidullin and V. V. Kashin: ‘Heat exchange and reduction in high-alumina charges in the blast furnace’, Metallurgist, 1975, 19, (5), 351–354. doi: 10.1007/BF01104692
   Google Scholar
• P. R. Dawson, J. Ostwald and K. M. Hayes: ‘Influence of alumina on development of complex calcium ferrites in iron-ore sinters’, Trans. Inst. Miner. Metall. Sect. C, 1985, 94, 71–78.
   Google Scholar
• F. M. Li, Q. Lv, B. S. Hu, Y. Yu and W. Tao: ‘Metallurgical properties of BF slag and slagging regime’, Iron Steel, 2006, 41, (4), 19–22 (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• L. Lu, R. J. Holmes and J. R. Manuel: ‘Effects of alumina on sintering performance of hematite iron ores’, ISIJ Int., 2007, 47, (3), 349–358. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.47.349
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Manna, S. Sasmal, P. K. Banerjee and D. K. Sengupta: ‘Selective dispersion of rejected iron ore ultra fines for feed to blast furnace and minimize environmental issues’, ISIJ Int., 2011, 51, (11), 1929–1933. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.51.1929
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. K. Rath, S. Mohanty, M. K. Mohanta, R. Singh and K. K. Bhattacharyya: ‘Efficacy of enhanced gravity separator in processing Indian iron ore slime’, Proceedings of the ‘XI International Seminar on Mineral Processing Technology (MPT)’, Jamshedpur, India, Dec 2010, National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), 1165–1170.
   Google Scholar
• M. P. Srivastava, S. K. Pan, N. Prasad and B. K. Mishra: ‘Characterization and processing of iron ore fines of Kiriburu deposit of India’, Int. J. Miner. Process., 2001, 61, 93–107. doi: 10.1016/S0301-7516(00)00030-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Vasumathi, T. V. Vijaya Kumar, S. S. Rao, S. Prabhakar and G. B. Raju: ‘Recovery of values from tailing ponds of iron ore washing plants’, Proceedings of XXVI International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC) on ‘Innovative Processing for Sustainable Growth – Conference’, New Delhi, India, September 2012, Indian Institute of Metals, 5704–5712.
   Google Scholar
• G. B. Raju: ‘Recent developments in flotation for the beneficiation of low grade finely disseminated ores’, Min. Eng. J., 2009, 12, 11–23.
   Google Scholar
• S. K. Mukherjee, S. K. Pan, M. Jain, A. Das and M. P. Srivastava: ‘Beneficiation and sinter amenability study of iron ore slime of Bolani mines’, Proceedings of the International Seminar on ‘Mineral Processing Technology (MPT) and Indo-Korean Workshop on Resource Recycling’, Chennai, India, March 2006, National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), 464–468.
   Google Scholar
• R. P. Bhagat and S. Dey: ‘Flocculation of iron ore slimes from Joda and Kiriburu mines’, Indian J. Chem. Technol., 1999, 6, (5), 280–284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Gururaj, J. P. Sharma, A. Baldawa, S. C. D. Arora, N. Prasad and A. K. Biswas: ‘Dispersion-flocculation studies on hematite-clay systems’, Int. J. Miner. Process., 1983, 11, (4), 285–302. doi: 10.1016/0301-7516(83)90050-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. H. Rao and K. S. Narasimhan: ‘Selective flocculation applied to Barsuan iron ore tailings’, Int. J. Miner. Process., 1985, 14, (1), 67–75. doi: 10.1016/0301-7516(85)90014-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Manna, S. Sasmal, P. K. Banerjee and D. K. Sengupta: ‘Effect of mineral geology, mineral size and settling time on selective dispersion and separation process for recovering iron value from iron ultra fines’, Powder Technol., 2011, 211, 60–64. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.03.032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradip, S. A. Ravishankar, T. A. P. Sankar and N. K. Khosla: ‘Beneficiation studies on alumina-rich Indian iron ores slimes using selective dispersants, flocculants and flotation collectors’, Proceedings of XVIII International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC), Sydney, Australia, 1993, Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM) Publishers, 1289–1294.
   Google Scholar
• S. A. Ravishankar, Pradip, M. G. Deo, R. A. Kulkarni and S. Gundiah: ‘Selective flocculation of iron oxide-kaolin mixtures using a modified polyacrylamide flocculant’, Bull. Mater. Sci., 1988, 10, (5), 423–433. doi: 10.1007/BF02744655
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Das, S. Prakash, S. K. Das and P. S. R. Reddy: ‘Effective beneficiation of low grade iron ore through jigging operation’, J. Miner. Mater. Charact. Eng., 2007, 7, (1), 27–37.
   Google Scholar
• P. A. Olubambi and J. H. Potgieter: ‘Effectiveness of gravity concentration for the beneficiation of Itakpe (Nigeria) iron ore achieved through jigging operation’, J. Miner. Mater. Charact. Eng., 2005, 4, (1), 21–30.
   Google Scholar
• B. Sarkar, A. Das, S. Roy and S. K. Rai: ‘In depth analysis of alumina removal from iron ore fines using teetered bed gravity separator’, Miner. Process. Extr. Metall.: Trans. Inst. Min. Metall., Sect. C, 2008, 117, (1), 48–55. doi: 10.1179/174328508X251851
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Roy: ‘Recovery improvement of fine iron ore particles by multi gravity separation’, Open Miner. Process. J., 2009, 2, (14), 17–30. doi: 10.2174/1874841400902010017
   Google Scholar
• B. Das, P. S. R. Reddy and V. N. Misra: ‘Recovery of iron values from tailing dumps adopting hydrocyclone and magnetic separation techniques’, Iron Ore 2002 Proceedings, Perth, Australia, 2002, Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM) Publishers, 285–289.
   Google Scholar
• S. Mohanty, B. Nayak and K. K. Bhattacharyya: ‘High intensity magnetic separation of iron ore slime and its limitations’, Proceedings of the XI International Seminar on ‘Mineral Processing Technology (MPT)’. Jamshedpur, India, 2010, Allied Publishers, 173–178.
   Google Scholar
• J. Jirestig, N. Kumar, C. Hofstedt and P. Ostlind: ‘Recovery of valuable mineral from low grade iron ore fines and slime using metso hgms technology’, 26th International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC) on ‘Innovative Processing for Sustainable Growth- Conference Proceedings’, New Delhi, India, 2012, Indian Institute of Metals, 2344–2355.
   Google Scholar
• S. Prakash, B. Das, B. K. Mohapatra and R. Venugopal: ‘Recovery of iron values from iron ore slimes by selective magnetic coating’, Sep. Sci. Technol., 2000, 35, (16), 2651–2662. doi: 10.1081/SS-100102361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. S. Rao, T. V. VijayaKumar, S. S. Rao, S. Prabhakar and G. B. Raju: ‘Effectiveness of sodium silicate as gangue depressants in iron ore slimes flotation’, Int. J. Miner. Met. Mater., 2011, 18, (5), 515–522. doi: 10.1007/s12613-011-0471-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. V. Rao and M. I. Ansari: ‘Recovery of iron ore super fines and water from slimes of Bolani iron ore washing plant’, Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 1993, 46, (2), 51–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. V. Vijaya Kumar, D. S. Rao and S. J. Gopalakrishna: ‘Mineralogical and separation characteristics of iron ore fines from Bellary-Hospet, India with special emphasis on beneficiation by flotation’, J. Min. Metall. A, 2011, 47, (1), 39–49.
   Google Scholar
• T. V. Vijaya Kumar, D. S. Rao, S. S. Rao, S. Prabhakar and G. B. Raju: ‘Reverse flotation studies on an Indian low-grade iron ore slimes’, Int. J. Eng. Sci. Technol., 2010, 2, (4), 637–648.
   Google Scholar
• S. Pani, S. Dey, M. K. Mohanta and R. Singh: ‘An approach for recovery of iron values from slimes’, Proceedings of the XI International Seminar on ‘Mineral Processing Technology (MPT)’, New Delhi, India, 2010, Allied Publishers, 612–620.
   Google Scholar
• R. K. Rath, S. Mohanty, B. Nayak, R. Singh and K. K. Bhattacharyya: ‘A comparative study on processing of high alumina hematite iron ore by gravity, magnetic and flotation methods’, J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, 3, (5), 349–354.
   Google Scholar
• R. Singh, R. Rath, B. Nayak and K. Bhattacharyya: ‘Development of process for beneficiation of low-grade iron ore samples from Orissa, India’, XXV International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC) Proceedings, Brisbane, Australia, September 2010, Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM) Publishers, 1235–1241.
   Google Scholar
• S. Sarkar: ‘The removal of alumina and silica from iron rejects slime by chemical leaching’, Hydrometallurgy, 2011, 105, 364–369. doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2010.10.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Li, H. H. Sun, J. Bai and L. T. Li: ‘Innovative methodology for comprehensive utilization of iron ore tailings: Part 1. The recovery of iron from iron ore tailings using magnetic separation after magnetizing roasting’, J. Hazard. Mater., 2010, 174, (1), 71–77. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Li, H. H. Sun, Z. L. Yi and L. T. Li: ‘Innovative methodology for comprehensive utilization of iron ore tailings: Part 2: The residues after iron recovery from iron ore tailings to prepare cementitious material’, J. Hazard. Mater., 2010, 174, (1), 78–83. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Li, T. Jiang, M. Liu, T. Zhou, X. Fan and G. Qiu: ‘Beneficiation of high-aluminium-content hematite ore by soda ash roasting’, Min. Proc. Ext. Met. Rev., 2010, 31, (3), 150–164.
   Google Scholar
• N. Pradhan, B. Das, C. S. Gahan, R. N. Kar and L. B. Sukla: ‘Beneficiation of iron ore slime using Aspergillus niger and Bacillus circulans’, Bioresour. Technol., 2006, 97, (15), 1876–1879. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.08.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Jiang, G. Z. Qiu, J. C. Xu, D. Q. Zhu and R. Singh: ‘Direct reduction of composite binder pellets and use of DRI’, 1–23; 2007, New Delhi, Electrotherm Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• A. Chatterjee: ‘Sponge iron production by direct reduction of iron oxide’, 2nd edn, 1–15; 2012, New Delhi, PHI Learning Private Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Z. Peng and J. Y. Hwang: ‘Microwave-assisted metallurgy’, Int. Mater. Rev., 2015, 60, 30–63. doi: 10.1179/1743280414Y.0000000042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Li, T. Sun, A. Zou and C. Xu: ‘Effect of coal levels during direct reduction roasting of high phosphorus oolitic hematite ore in a tunnel kiln’, Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol., 2012, 22, 323–328. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2012.04.007
   Google Scholar
• K. Q. Li, W. Ni, M. Zhu, M. J. Zheng and Y. Li: ‘Iron extraction from oolitic iron ore by a deep reduction process’, J. Iron Steel Res. Int., 2011, 18, (8), 9–13. doi: 10.1016/S1006-706X(11)60096-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Li, H. Wang and Y. G. Wei: ‘The reduction of nickel from low-grade nickel laterite ore using a solid-state deoxidisation method’, Miner. Eng., 2011, 24, 1556–1562. doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2011.08.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Jang, V. R. M. Nunna, S. Hapugoda, A. V. Nguye and W. J. Bruckard: ‘Chemical and mineral transformation of a low grade goethite ore by dehydroxylation, reduction roasting and magnetic separation’, Miner. Eng., 2014, 60, 14–22. doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2014.01.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• X. M. Guo, H. F. Tang, S. B. Zhang and X. Z. Lu: ‘Study on the catalysis mechanism of Li2CO3 for reduction of iron ore pellet with carbon’, Acta Metall. Sin., 2000, 36, (6), 638–641 (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• L. F. Zhang, P. M. Guo and P. Zhao: ‘Study on catalytical mechanism of gas-based reduction of iron ore’, Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium, 2008, 29, (1), 1–5 (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• T. Jiang, M. D. Liu, N. Sun and G. H. Li: ‘Al–Fe separation from high aluminium content limonite ores by salt-added reduction roasting process’, Supplemental proceedings: Volume 1: Materials processing and properties, Washington, USA, 2010, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS), 419–427.
   Google Scholar