SAMPLING ADULT BLOW FLIES (Diptera: Calliphoridae) AT PIG CARCASSES WITH STICKY TRAPS: EFFECTS OF TRAP COLOUR, HEIGHT, AND INCLINATION

REFERENCES

• Smith K.G.V. A manual of forensic entomology. London, Trustees of the British Museum of Natural History, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Catts E.P. and Haskell N.H. Entomology and Death: A procedural guide. Clemson, SC, Forensic Entomology Specialties, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Sukontason K., Sukontason K.L., Piangjai S., Tippanun J., Lertthamnongtham S., Vogtsberger R.C., and Olson J.K. Survey of forensically-relevant fly species in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand. J. Vector Ecol. 2003; 135: 135–128.
   Google Scholar
• Judd W.W. Results of a survey of calyptrate flies of medical importance conducted at London, Ontario during 1953. Am. Mid. Nat. 1956; 56; 388–405.
   Google Scholar
• Cragg J.B. and Hobart J. A study of a field population of the blowflies Lucilia caesar (L.) and L. sericata (MG.) Ann. appl. Biol. 1955; 43: 645–663.
   Google Scholar
• Grassberger M. and Frank C. Initial study of arthropod succession on pig carrion in a Central European urban habitat. J. Med. Entomol. 2004; 41: 511–523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes E.J., Wall R., and Smith K.E. Measurement of age and population age structure in the blowfly, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). J. Insect Physiol. 1998: 44: 895–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah Z.A. and Sakhawat T. The effect of flesh age, trap colour, decomposition stage, temperature and relative humidity on the visitation pattern of blow and flesh flies. Int. J. Agri. Biol. 2004; 6: 370–374.
   Google Scholar
• Aak A., Birkemoe T., and Mehl R. Blowfly (Diptera, Calliphoridae) damage on stockfish in northern Norway: pest species, damage assessment and the potential of mass trapping. J. Pest. Sci. 2010; 83: 329–337.
   Google Scholar
• Muirhead-Thomson R. C. Trap Responses of Flying Insects: The Influence of Trap Design on Capture Efficiency. New York, Academic Press, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Hall M.J.R., Hutchinson R.A., Farkas R., Adams Z.J.O., and Wyatt N.P. A comparison of lucitrapsR and sticky targets for sampling the blowfly Lucilia sericata. Med. Vet. Entomol. 2003; 17: 280–287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall R. and Smith K.E. Colour discrimination by the sheep blowfly Lucilia sericata. Med. Vet. Entomol. 1996; 10: 235–240.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beresford D.V. and Sutcliffe J.F. Studies on the effectiveness of CoroplastR sticky traps for sampling stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae), including a comparison to Alsynite. J. Econ. Entomol. 2006; 99: 1025–1035.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beresford D.V. and Sutcliffe J.E. Stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans: Diptera, Muscidae) trap response to changes in effective trap height caused by growing vegetation. J. Vector Ecol. 2008; 33: 40–45.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nansen C., Phillips T.W., and Sanders S. Effects of height and adjacent surfaces on captures of indian- meal moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in pheromone-baited traps. J. Econ. Entomol. 2004; 97: 1284–1290.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cilek J.E. Attraction of coloured plasticized corrugated boards to adult stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae). Fla. Entomol. 2003; 86: 420–423.
   Google Scholar
• Vogt W.G., Vangerwen A.C.M., Morton R. Influence of trap height on catches of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) in wind-oriented fly traps. J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. 1995; 34: 225–227.
   Google Scholar
• Whitworth T. Keys to the genera and species of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of America north of Mexico. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 2006; 108: 689–725.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokal R.R., and Rohlf F.J. Biometry, 3rd ed. New York, W. H. Freeman and Company, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly J.A., Van der Linde T.C. and Anderson G.S. The influence of clothing and wrapping on carcass decomposition and arthropod succession: a winter study in central South Africa. Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 2008; 41: 135–147.
   Google Scholar
• Hwang C. and Turner B.D. Spatial and temporal variability of necrophagous Diptera from urban to rural areas. Med. Vet. Entomol. 2005; 19: 379–391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanLaerhoven S.L. Blind validation of postmortem interval estimates using developmental rates of blow flies. Forensic Sci. Int. 2008; 180: 76–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaneshrajah G. and Turner B. Calliphora vicina larvae grow at different rates on different body tissues. Int. J. Legal Med. 2004; 118: 242–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes E.J., Wall R., and Smith K.E. Mortality rate, reproductive output, and trap response bias in populations of the blow fly Lucilia sericata. Ecol. Entomol. 1999; 24: 300–307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall R., Green C.H., French N., and Morgan K.L. Development of an attractive target for the sheep blowfly Lucilia sericata. Med. Vet. Entomol. 1992; 6: 67–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar