CH and Formaldehyde Structures in Partially-Premixed Methane/Air Coflow Flames

References

• Bauerle , B. , Warnatz , J. , and Behrendt , F. ( 1996 ) Time-Resolved Investigation of Hot Spots in the End Gas of an S. I. Engine by Means of 2-D Double-Pulse LIF of Formaldehyde. Proc. Combust. Inst. , 26 : 2619 – 2626 .
   Google Scholar
• Blevins , L. G. , Renfro , M. W. , Lyle , K. H. , Laurendeau , N. M. , Gore , J. P. ( 1999 ) Experimental Study of Temperature and CH Radical Location in Partially Premixed CH₄/Air Coflow Flames. Combust. Flame , 118 : 684 – 696 .
   Google Scholar
• Böckle , S. , Kazenwadel , J. , Kunzelmann , T. , Shin , D.-I. , Schultz , C. , and Wolfrum , J. ( 2000 ) Simultaneous Single-Shot Laser-Based Imaging of Formaldehyde, OH, and Temperature in Turbulent Flames. Proc. Combust. Inst. , 28 , 279 – 286 ; Single Shot Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging of Formaldehyde with XeF Excimer Excitation. Appl. Phys. B 70: 733-735.
   Google Scholar
• Bombach , R. , and Käppeli , B. ( 1999 ) Simultaneous Visualisation of Transient Species in Flames by Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Using a Single Laser System. Appl. Phys. B , 68 , 251 – 255 .
   Google Scholar
• Bormann , F. , Nielsen , T. , Burrows , M. , and Andresen , P. ( 1996 ) Single-Pulse Collision-Insensitive Picosecond Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence of OH A(v≈,=2) in Atmospheric-Pressure Flames. Appl. Phys. B 62 : 601 – 607 .
   Google Scholar
• Bowman , C. T. , Hanson , R. K. , Davidson , D. F. , Gardiner Jr.W. C. , Lissianski , V. , Smith , G. P. , Golden , D. M. , Frenklach , M. , Wang , H. , and Goldenberg , M. ( 1997 ) “ GRI-Mech 2.11-An Optimized Detailed Chemical Reaction Mechanism for Methane Combustion and NO Formation and Reburning ,” GRI Report GRI-970020. Refer to the GRI-Mech home page at http://www.me.berkeley.edu/gri_mech/for information on GRI-Mech 3.0.
   Google Scholar
• Burkert , A. , Grebner , D. , Müller , D. , Triebel , W. , and König , J. ( 2000 ) Single Shot Imaging of Formaldehyde in Hydrocarbon Flames by XeF Excimer Laser Induced Fluorescence. Proc. Combust. Inst. , 28 , 1655 – 1661 .
   Google Scholar
• Chou , C. -P., Chen , J. -Y., Clement , G. Y. , and Marx , K. D. ( 1998 ) Numerical Modeling of NO Formation in Laminar Bunsen Flames - A Flamelet Approach. Combust. Flame , 114 : 420 – 435 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckbreth , A. ( 1988 ) “ Laser Diagnostics for Combustion Temperature and Species ” Abacus Press, Cambridge s :MA, p. 221 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• Fristrom , R. M. ( 1956 ) Flame Zone Studies. II. Applicability of One-Dimensional Models to Three-Dimensional Laminar Bunsen Flame Fronts. J. Chem. Phys. , 24 : 888 – 894 .
   Google Scholar
• Gore , J. P. and Zhan , N. J. ( 1996 ) NOx Emission and Major Species Concentrations in Partially Premixed Methane/Air Co-flow Jet Flames. Combust. Flame , 105 : 414 – 427 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrington , J. E. , and Smyth , K. C. ( 1993 ) Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements of Formaldehyde in a Methane/Air Diffusion Flame. Chem. Phys. Lett. , 202 : 196 – 202 .
   Google Scholar
• Heberle , N. H. , Smith , G. P. , Crosley , D. R. , Jeffries , J. B. , Muss , J. A. , and Dibble , R. W. ( 1996 ) Laser Induced Fluorescence Radical Measurements in Partially Premixed Bunsen-Type Methane Flames. , AIAA Paper 96-0462, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting.
   Google Scholar
• Heberle , N. H. , Smith , G. P. , Jeffries , J. B. , Crosley , D. R. , and Dibble , R. W. ( 2000 ) Simultaneous Laser-Induced Fluorescence and Rayleigh Scattering Measurements of Structure in Partially Premixed Flames. Appl. Phys. B , 71 : 733 – 740 .
   Google Scholar
• Homma , R. , Sogo , S. , Hase , K , Arrigotti , S. , and Bernstein , S. ( 1994 ) Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Symposium on Combustion , Sendai , Japan , pp. 218 – 220 .
   Google Scholar
• Kee , R. J. , Grcar , J. F. , Smooke , M. D. , and Miller , J. A. ( 1985 ) “ A Fortran Program for Modeling Steady Laminar One-Dimensional Flames ,” Sandia Report SAND 85-8240.
   Google Scholar
• Klein-Douwel , R.J.H. , Luque , J. , Jeffries , J. B. , Smith , G. P. , and Crosley , D. R. ( 2000 ) Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Formaldehyde Hot Bands in Flames. Appl. Opt. , 39 : 3712 – 3715 .
   Google Scholar
• Koshland , C. P. ( 1996 ) Impacts and Control of Air Toxics from Combustion. Proc. Combust. Inst. , 26 : 2049 – 2065 .
   Google Scholar
• Luque , J. and Crosley , D. R. ( 1996 ) Electronic Transition Moment and Rotational Transition Probabilities in CH. II. B ²∑- X²π System. J. Chem. Phys. , 104 : 3907 – 3913 .
   Google Scholar
• Luque , J. and Crosley , D. R. ( 1996 b) Absolute CH Concentrations in Low-Pressure Flames Measured with Laser-Induced Fluorescence. Appl. Phys. B. , 63 : 91 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Luque , J. and Crosley , D. R. ( 1998 ) “ LIFBASE: A Database and Spectral Simulation Program ”, version 1.61, SRI International Report MP-99-021 (www.sri.com/cem/lifbase).
   Google Scholar
• Luque , J. , Klein-Douwel , R.J.H. , Jeffries , J. B. , and Crosley , D. R. ( 2000 ) Collisional Processes near the CH B ²∑ v',=0,1 Predissociation Limit in Laser-Induced Fluorescence Flame Diagnostics. Appl. Phys. B 71 : 85 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Mokhov , A. V. , DeVries , H , and Levinsky , H. B. ( 1998 ) A LIF and CARS Study of CO and NOx Formation in Two Optically Accessible Household Appliances. , Proceedings of the 1998 International Gas Research Conference, Vol. 4 , p. 526 – 536 .
   Google Scholar
• Najm , H.N. , Paul , P. H. , Mueller , C. J. , and Wyckoff , P.S. ( 1996 ) On the Adequacy of Certain Experimental Variables as Measurements of Flame Burning Rate. Combust. Flame , 113 : 312 – 332 .
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen , Q.V. , Dibble , R. W. , Carter , C.D. , Fiechtner , G. J. , and Barlow , R. S. ( 1996 ) Raman-LIF Measurements of Temperature, Major Species , OH, and NO in a Methane-Air Bunsen Flame. Combust. Flame 105 : 499 – 510 .
   Google Scholar
• Paul , P. H. and Najm , H. N. ( 1998 ) Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence Imaging of Flame Heat Release Rate. Proc. Combust. Inst. , 27 : 43 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Rothe , E. W. , Gu , Y. W. , and Reck , G. P. ( 1996 ) Laser Induced Predissociative Fluorescence Dynamics and Polarization and the Effect of Lower State Rotational Energy Transfer on Quantitative Diagnostics. Appl. Opt. , 35 , 934 – 947 .
   Google Scholar
• Rothe , E. W. , Gu , Y. W. , Chryssostomou , A. , And resen , P. , and Bormann , F. ( 1998 ) Effect of Laser Intensity and of Lower State Rotational Energy Transfer upon Temperature Measurements Made with Laser-Induced Predissociative Fluorescence. Appl. Phys. B , 16 , 251 – 258 .
   Google Scholar
• Shin , D. -I., Pecter , G. , Dreier , T. , Volpp , H. -R., and Wolfrum , J. ( 2000 ) Spatially Resolved Measurements of CN, CH, NH, and H₂CO Concentration Profiles in a Domestic Gas Boiler. Proc. Combust. Inst. , 28 , 319 – 325 .
   Google Scholar
• Shin , D. -I., Dreier , T. , and Wolfrum , J. ( 2001 ) Spatially Resolved Absolute Concentration and Fluorescence Lifetime Determination of H₂CO in Atmospheric Pressure CH₄/Air Flames. Appl. Phys. B , 72 , 257 – 261 .
   Google Scholar
• Shu , Z. , Krass , B. J. , Choi , C. W. , Aggarwal , S. K. , Katta , V. R. , and Puri , I. K. ( 1998 ) An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Structure of Steady Two-Dimensional Partially Premixed Methane-Air Flames. Proc. Combust. Inst. , 27 , 625 – 632 .
   Google Scholar
• Tolocka , M. P. , and Miller , J. H. ( 1998 ) Measurements of Formaldehyde Concentrations and Formation Rates in a Methane-Air Non-premixed Flame and their Implications for Heat Release Rate. Proc. Combust. Inst. , 27 : 633 – 649 .
   Google Scholar
• Tamura , M. , Berg , P. A. , Harrington , J. E. , Luque , J. , Jeffries , J. B. , Smith , G. P. , and Crosley , D. R. ( 1998 ) Collisional Quenching of CH(A), OH(A), and NO(A) in Low-Pressure Hydrocarbon Flames. Combust. Flame , 114 , 502 – 514 .
   Google Scholar