Effect of Fuel Nozzle Geometry on the Stability of a Turbulent Jet Methane Flame

REFERENCES

• Boulanger , J. , Vervisch , L. , Reveillon , J. , and Ghosal , S. ( 2003 ) Effects of heat release in laminar diffusion flames lifted on round jets . Combust. Flame , 134 ( 4 ), 355 – 368 .
   Google Scholar
• Broadwell , J.E. , Dahm , W.J.A. , and Mungal , M.G. ( 1984 ) Blowout of turbulent diffusion flames . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 20 , 303 – 310 .
   Google Scholar
• Buckmaster , J. and Weber , R. ( 1996 ) Edge-flame holding . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 26 , 1143 – 1149 .
   Google Scholar
• Coats , C.M. and Zhao , H. ( 1989 ) Transition and stability of turbulent jet diffusion flames . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 22 , 685 – 692 .
   Google Scholar
• Dahm , W.J.A. and Mayman , A.G. ( 1990 ) Blowout limits of turbulent jet diffusion flames for arbitrary source conditions . AIAA J. , 28 , 1157 – 1161 .
   Google Scholar
• Dold , J.W. ( 1989 ) Flame propagation in a nonuniform mixture: Analysis of a slowly varying triple flame . Combust. Flame , 76 , 71 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eickhoff , H. , Lenze , B. , and Leuckel , W. ( 1984 ) Experimental investigation on the stabilization mechanism of jet diffusion flames . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 20 , 311 – 318 .
   Google Scholar
• Gollahalli , S.R. , Khana , T. , and Prabhu , N. ( 1992 ) Diffusion flames of gas jets issued from circular and elliptic nozzles . Combust. Sci. Technol. , 86 , 267 – 288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gollahalli , S.R. , Savas , O. , Huang , R.F. , and Rodriguez-Azara , J.L. ( 1986 ) Structure of attached and lifted gas jet flames in hysteresis region . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 21 , 1463 – 1471 .
   Google Scholar
• Gutmark , E. , Schadow , K.C. , Parr , T.P. , Hanson-Parr , D.M. , and Wilson , K.J. ( 1989a ) Noncircular jets in combustion systems . Exp. Fluids , 7 , 248 – 258 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutmark , E. , Schadow , K.C. , and Wilson , K.J. ( 1989b ) Noncircular jet dynamics in supersonic combustion . J. Power Propul. , 5 ( 5 ), 529 – 533 .
   Google Scholar
• Gutmark , E. , Schadow , K.C. , and Wilson , K.J. ( 1991 ) Subsonic and supersonic combustion using noncircular injectors . J. Power Propul. , 27 ( 2 ), 240 – 249 .
   Google Scholar
• Iyogun , C.O. and Birouk , M. ( 2008 ) Effects of sudden expansion on entrainment and spreading rates of a jet issuing from asymmetric nozzles . Flow Turbulence Combustion (in press) .
   Google Scholar
• Kalghatgi , G.T. ( 1984 ) Lift-off heights and visible flame lengths of vertical turbulent jet diffusion flames in still air . Combust. Sci. Technol. , 41 , 17 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koshigoe , S. , Gutmark , E. , and Schadow , K.C. ( 1989 ) Initial development of noncircular jets leading to axis switching . AIAA J. , 27 ( 4 ), 411 – 419 .
   Google Scholar
• Langman , A.S. , Nathan , G.J. , Mi , J. , and Ashman , P.J. (2007) The influence of geometric nozzle profile on the global properties of a turbulent diffusion flame. Proc. Combust. Instit. , 31, 1599–1607.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons , K.M. ( 2007 ) Toward an understanding of the stabilization mechanisms of lifted turbulent jet flames: Experiments/ Prog. Energ. Combust. Sci. , 33 , 211 – 231 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mi , J. , Nathan , G.J. , and Luxton , R.E. ( 2000 ) Cenetreline mixing characteristics of jets from nine differently shaped nozzles . Exp. Fluids , (Short Communication) 28 , 93 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miake-Lye , R.C. and Hammer , J.A. ( 1988 ) Lifted turbulent jet flames: A stability criterion based on the jet large-scale structure . Proc. Combust. Instit. , 22 , 817 – 824 .
   Google Scholar
• Peters , N.N. ( 1983 ) Local quenching due to flame stretch and non-premixed turbulent combustion . Combust. Sci. Technol. , 30 ( 1 ), 1 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Peters , N. ( 2000 ) Turbulent Combustion , Cambridge University Press , Cambridge .
   Google Scholar
• Peters , N. and Williams , F.A. ( 1983 ) Liftoff characteristics of turbulent jet diffusion flames . AIAA J. , 21 ( 3 ), 423 – 429 .
   Google Scholar
• Phillips , H. ( 1965 ) Flame in a buoyant layer . Proc. Combust. Instit. , 10 , 1277 – 1283 .
   Google Scholar
• Pitts , W.M. ( 1988 ) Assessment of theories for the behavior and blowout of lifted turbulent jet diffusion flames . Proc. Combust. Instit. , 22 , 809 – 816 .
   Google Scholar
• Quinn , W.R. ( 1989 ) On the mixing in an elliptical turbulent free jet . Phys. Fluids , A1 , 1716 – 1722 .
   Google Scholar
• Quinn , W.R. ( 1991 ) Passive near-field mixing enhancement in rectangular jet flows . AIAA J. , 29 ( 4 ), 515 – 519 .
   Google Scholar
• Quinn , W.R. ( 1995 ) Turbulent mixing in a free jet issuing from a low aspect ratio contoured rectangular nozzle . Aero. J. , 99 ( 988 ), 337 – 342 .
   Google Scholar
• Quinn , W.R. ( 2005 ) Measurements in the near flow field of an isosceles triangular free jet . Exp. Fluids , 39 , 111 – 126 .
   Google Scholar
• Ruetsch , G.R. and Broadwell , J.E. ( 1995 ) Effects of confinement on partially premixed flames . Annual Research Briefs , Center for Turbulence Research , 323 – 333 .
   Google Scholar
• Scholefield , D.A. and Garside , J.E. ( 1949 ) The structure and stability of diffusion flames . Proc. Combust. Instit. , 3 , 102 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi , F. , Mizomoto , M. , Ikai , S. , and Futaki , N. ( 1984 ) Lifting mechanism of free jet diffusion flames . Proc. Combust. Instit. , 20 , 295 – 302 .
   Google Scholar
• Upatnieks , A. , Driscoll , J.F. , Rasmussen , C.C. , and Ceccio , S.L. ( 2004 ) Lift-off of turbulent jet flames-assessment of edge flame and other concepts using cinema-PIV . Combust. Flame , 138 , 259 – 272 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanquickenborne , L. and Van Tiggelen , A. ( 1966 ) The stabilization mechanism of lifted diffusion flames . Combust. Flame , 10 , 59 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veynante , D. , Vervisch , L. , Poinsot , T. , Linan , A. , and Ruetsch , G.R. ( 1994 ) Triple flame structure and diffusion flame stabilization . Summer Program Proceedings , Center for Turbulence Research, NASA Ames/Stanford Univ. , 55 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Wohl , K. , Gazley , C. , and Kapp , N. ( 1949 ) Diffusion Flames , 3rd Symposium on Combustion and Flame and Explosion Phenomena , Baltimore , MD , Vol. 288 .
   Google Scholar
• Wu , C.-Y. , Chao , Y.-C. , Cheng , T.-S. , Li , Y.-H. , Lee , K.-Y. , and Yuan , T. ( 2006 ) The blowout mechanism of turbulent jet diffusion flames . Combust. Flame , 145 , 481 – 494 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar