Utilization of Coal Combustion Ashes for the Synthesis of Ordinary and Special Cements

REFERENCES

• Antiohos , D. , Giakoumelos , S. , and Tsimas , B. 2004 . Strength development of ternary blended cement with high calcium fly ash and amorphous silica . Proc. 8th Int. CANMET/ACI Conf ., Las Vegas , Nevada , USA , p. 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Barone , G.A. , Montagnaro , F. , Nobili , M. , Salatino , P. , Telesca , A. , and Valenti , G.L. 2006 . The desulphurizing ability of ettringite formed during the hydration/reactivation of FBC coal fly ash . Proc. 19th Int. FBC Conf ., Vienna , Austria , p. 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Belz , G. , Caramuscio , P. , Marroccoli , M. , Montagnaro , F. , Nobili , M. , Telesca , A. , and Valenti , G.L. 2006 . Fluidized bed combustion waste as a raw mix component for the manufacture of calcium sulphoaluminate cement . Proc. 29th Meeting Italian Section Comb. Inst ., Pisa , Italy , pp. IX–4 – 1 .
   Google Scholar
• Beretka , J. , Santoro , L. , Sherman , N. , and Valenti , G.L. 1992 . Synthesis and properties of low energy cements based on calcium sulphoaluminate . Proc. 9th Int. Congr. Chem. Cem ., New Delhi , India , Vol. 3 , p. 195 .
   Google Scholar
• Beretka , J. , de Vito , B. , Santoro , L. , Sherman , N. , and Valenti , G.L. 1993 . Hydraulic behaviour of calcium sulfoaluminate-based cements derived from industrial process wastes . Cem. Concr. Res. , 23 , 1205 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernardo , G. , Marroccoli , M. , Montagnaro , F. , and Valenti , G.L. 2003 . Use of fluidized bed combustion wastes for the synthesis of low-energy cements . Proc. 11th Int. Congr. Chem. Cem ., Durban , South Africa , Vol. 3 , p. 1227 .
   Google Scholar
• Bernardo , G. , Marroccoli , M. , Telesca , A. , and Valenti , G.L. 2004 . Sustainable development of the cement industry and manufacture of binders with a reduced environmental impact . Proc. 7th Conf. AIMAT , Ancona , Italia , p. 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Bernardo , G. , Buzzi , L. , Canonico , F. , Paris , M. , Telesca , A. , and Valenti , G.L. 2007 . Microstructural investigations on hydrated high-performance cements based on calcium sulfoaluminate . Proc. 12th Int. Congr. Chem. Cem ., Montréal , Canada , W3–11.4 .
   Google Scholar
• Damtoft , J.S. , Lukasik , J. , Herfort , D. , Sorrentino , D. , and Gartner , E.M. 2008 . Sustainable development and climate change initiatives . Cem. Concr. Res. , 38 , 115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu , X. , Li , Q. , Zhai , J. , Sheng , G. , and Li , F. 2008 . The physical-chemical characterization of mechanically-treated CFBC fly ash . Cement Concrete Comp. , 30 , 220 .
   Google Scholar
• Gartner , E. 2004 . Industrially interesting approaches to “low-CO2” cements . Cem. Concr. Res. , 34 , 1489 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glasser , F.P. , and Zhang , L. 2001 . High-performance cement matrices based on calcium sulfoaluminate-belite compositions . Cem. Concr. Res. , 31 , 1881 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendriks , C.A. , Worrell , E. , Price , L. , Martin , N. , Ozawa Meida , L. , de Jager , D. , and Riemer , P. 1998 . Emission reduction of greenhouse gases from the cement industry . Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Greenhouse Gas Control Technol ., Interlaken , Austria .
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , N.M. , Schultz , S. , Sander , P. , and Schopp , L. 2009 . Beneficial use of CFB ash in pavement construction applications . Fuel , 88 , 1210 .
   Google Scholar
• Kurdowski , W. , George , C.M. , and Sorrentino , F.P. 1986 . Special cements . Proc. 8th Int. Congr. Chem. Cem ., Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , Vol. 1 , p. 292 .
   Google Scholar
• Kurkcu , M. , Selçuk , N. , and Tokyay , M. 2006. Utilisation potential of fly ashes generated from fluidised bed combustion of lignites in production of blended cements. Proc. 19th Int. FBC Conf ., Vienna , Austria, p. 21.
   Google Scholar
• Liira , M. , Kirsimäe , K. , Kuusik , R. , and Mõtlep , R. 2009 . Transformation of calcareous oil-shale circulating fluidized-bed combustion boiler ashes under wet conditions . Fuel , 88 , 712 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malek , R.I. , Khalil , Z.H. , Imbaby , S.S. , and Roy , D.M. 2005 . The contribution of class-F fly ash to the strength of cementitious mixtures . Cem. Concr. Res. , 35 , 1152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marroccoli , M. , Nobili , M. , Telesca , A. , and Valenti , G.L. 2007a . Early hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate-based cements for structural applications . Proc. Conf. Sust. Constr. Mat. Technol ., Coventry , England , p. 389 .
   Google Scholar
• Marroccoli , M. , Montagnaro , F. , Nobili , M. , Telesca , A. , and Valenti , G.L. 2007b . Synthesis, hydration properties and environmentally friendly features of calcium sulfoaluminate cements. Proc. 12th Int. Congr. Chem. Cem., Montréal, Canada, W3–11.2 .
   Google Scholar
• Mehta , P.K. 1973 . Mechanism of expansion associated with ettringite formation . Cem. Concr. Res. , 3 , 1 .
   Google Scholar
• Mehta , P.K. 1978 . Energy, resources and the environment—A review of the U.S. cement industry . World Cement Technol. , 144 .
   Google Scholar
• Montagnaro , F. , Salatino , P. , Bernardo , G. , Telesca , A. , and Valenti , G.L. 2005 . Reuse of fly ash from a fluidized bed combustor for sulfur uptake: the role of ettringite in hydration-induced reactivation . Energy Fuel. , 43 , 4054 .
   Google Scholar
• Montagnaro , F. , Salatino , P. , Scala , F. , Wu , Y. , Anthony , E.J. , and Jia , L. 2006 . Assessment of sorbent reactivation by water hydration for fluidized bed combustion application . J. Energy Resour. Technol. , 128 , 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montagnaro , F. , Salatino , P. , Scala , F. , and Chirone , R. 2008 . An assessment of water and steam reactivation of a fluidized bed spent sorbent for enhanced SO2 capture . Powder Technol. , 180 , 129 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montagnaro , F. , Nobili , M. , Telesca , A. , Valenti , G.L. , Anthony , E.J. , and Salatino , P. 2009 . Steam hydration-reactivation of FBC ashes for enhanced in situ desulphurization . Fuel , 88 , 1092 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muzhen , S. , Kurdowski , W. , and Sorrentino , F.P. 1992 . Developments in non Portland-cements . Proc. 9th Int. Congr. Chem. Cem ., New Delhi , India , Vol. 1 , p. 317 .
   Google Scholar
• Muzhen , S. , Wang , Y. , Zhang , L. , and Li , D. 1997 . Preliminary study on the durability of sulfo/ferro-aluminate cements . Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Chem. Cem ., Goteborg , Sweden , Vol. 4 , p. 4iv029 .
   Google Scholar
• Newman , P.L. , and Owens , N. 2004 . The use of beneficiated fly ash as a component in cement concrete . Proc. 8th Int. CANMET/ACI Conf ., Las Vegas , Nevada , USA , p. 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Nobili , M. , Telesca , A. , Marroccoli , M. , and Valenti , G.L. 2008 . Use of wastes generated within coal-fired power stations for the synthesis of calcium sulphoaluminate cements . Proc. 7th Int. Congr. Concr ., Dundee , Scotland , p. 299 .
   Google Scholar
• Odler , I. , and Zhang , H. 1997 . Possibilities of utilising high SO3 fluidised bed ash in the production of Portland clinker and cement . Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Chem. Cem ., Goteborg , Sweden , Vol. 1 , p. 1i026 .
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen , K.H. , Jensen , A.D. , Skjøth-Rasmussen , M.S. , and Dam-Johansen , K. 2008 . A review of the interference of carbon containing fly ash with air entrainment in concrete . Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. , 34 , 135 .
   Google Scholar
• Poon , C.S. , Qiao , X.C. , and Lin , Z.S. 2004 . Effects of flue gas desulphurization sludge on the pozzolanic reaction of reject-fly-ash-blended cement pastes . Cem. Concr. Res. , 34 , 1907 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakai , E. , Miyahara , S. , Ohsawa , S. , Lee , S.H. , and Daimon , M. 2005 . Hydration of fly ash cement . Cem. Concr. Res. , 35 , 1135 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelb , F.A. , and Ludwig , U. 1978. Investigations relating to the determination of calcium hydroxide by the Franke method. Zem-Kalk-Gips. , 12, 510.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , H.F.W. 1997 . Cement chemistry . Academic Press , San Diego , CA , p. 395 .
   Google Scholar
• Weinberg , A. , and Hemmings , R. 1997 . Hydration and weathering reactions in by-products from clean coal technologies: effects on materials properties . Fuel , 76 , 705 .
   Google Scholar