Mathematical Modeling of a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Combustor Cofired with Lignite and Biomass

REFERENCES

• Adanez , J. , de Diego , L.F. , Garcia-Labiano , F. , Abad , A. , and Abanades , J.C. 2001 . Determination of biomass char combustion reactivities for FBC applications by a combined method . Industrial & Engineering Chemistry , 40 , 4317 .
   Google Scholar
• Adanez , J. , Gayan , P. , de Diego , L.F. , Garcia-Labiano , F. , and Abad , A. 2003. Combustion of wood chips in a CFBC. Modeling and validation. Ind. & Eng. Chemistry , 42, 987.
   Google Scholar
• Afacan , O. , Gogebakan , Y. , and Selçuk , N. 2007 . Modeling of NO X emissions from fluidized bed combustion of high volatile lignites . Comb. Science and Technology , 179 , 227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altindag , H. , Gogebakan , Y. , and Selçuk , N. 2004 . Sulfur capture for fluidized-bed combustion of high-sulfur content lignites . Applied Energy , 79 , 403 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthony , D.B. , and Howard , J.B. 1976 . Coal devolatilization and hydrogasification . AIChE Journal , 22 , 625 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthony , E.J. 1995 . Fluidized bed combustion of alternative solid fuels; status, successes and problems of the technology . Prog. Energ. Combust. Sci. , 21 , 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armesto , L. , Veijonen , K. , and Bahillo , A. 2001 . Co-combustion of coal and biomass wastes in fluidized bed . Proc. of 16th Int. Conf. on Fluidized Bed Combustion , ASME, paper 44 (in CD-ROM) .
   Google Scholar
• Bapat , D.W. , Kulkarni , S.V. , and Bhandarkar , V.P. 1997 . Design and operating experience on fluidized bed boiler burning biomass fuels with high alkaline ash . Proc. of 14th Int. Conf. on Fluidized Bed Combustion , ASME , pp. 165 – 174 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , T.P. , and Saxena , S.C. 1977 . Solids population balance for attrition in fluidized beds . Powder Tech. , 18 , 279 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi , J.H. , Chang , I.Y. , Shun , D.W. , Yi , C.K. , Son , J.E. , and Kim , S.D. 1999 . Correlation on the particle entrainment rate in gas fluidized beds . Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , 38 , 2491 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field , M.A. , Gill , D.W. , Morgan , B.B. , and Hawksley , P.G.W. 1967 . Combustion of pulverized coal . British Coal Utilization Research Association .
   Google Scholar
• Gayan , P. , Adanez , J. , de Diego , L.F. , Garcia-Labiano , F. , Cabanillas , A. , Bahillo , A. , Aho , M. , and Veijonen , K. 2004 . Circulating fluidized bed co-combustion of coal and biomass . Fuel , 83 , 277 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gogebakan , Y. , and Selcuk , N. 2004 . Assessment of a model with char attrition for a bubbling AFBC . Comb. Sci. and Technol. , 176 , 799 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gogebakan , Z. , Gogebakan , Y. , and Selçuk , N. 2008 . Cofiring of olive residue with lignite in bubbling FBC . Combust. Sci. and Tech. , 180 , 854 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gogolek , P.E.G. , and Becker , H.A. 1992 . Calculation of the expansion of a bubbling fluidized bed of coarse particles . Powder Technology , 71 , 107 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grace , J.R. , and Clift , R. 1974 . On the two-phase theory of fluidization . Chemical Engineering Science , 29 , 327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazlett , J.D. , and Bergougnou , M.A. 1992 . Influence of bubble size distribution at the bed surface on entrainment profile . Powder Technol. , 70 , 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hein , K.R.G. , and Bemtgen , J.M. 1998 . EU clean coal technology-co-combustion of coal and biomass . Fuel Processing Technol. , 54 , 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hottel , H.C. , Williams , G.C. , Nerheim , N.M. , and Schneider , G.R. 1965 . Kinetic studies on stirred reactors, combustion of carbon monoxide and propane . Proc. of the 10th Int. Symp. on Combustion , The Combustion Institute , pp. 975 – 986 .
   Google Scholar
• Hughes , E. 2000 . Biomass cofiring: Economics, policy and opportunities . Biomass and Bioenergy , 19 , 457 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hupa , M. 2005 . Interaction of fuels in cofiring in FBC . Fuel , 84 , 1312 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jauhiainen , J. , Conesa , J.A. , Font , R. , and Gullón , I.M. 2004 . Kinetics of the pyrolysis and combustion of olive solid waste . Journal of Analytical and Appl. Pyrolysis , 72 , 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnsson , J.E. , and Dam-Johansen , K. 1991 . Formation and reduction of NOx in a fluidized bed combustor . Proc. of the 11th Int. Conf. on Fluidized Bed Combustion , ASME , pp. 1389 – 1396 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnsson , J.E. , Jensen , A. , and Nielsen , J.S. 1999 . Kinetics of heterogeneous NO and N2O reduction at FBC conditions . Proc. of the 15th Int. Conf. on Fluidized Bed Combustion , ASME, paper 99 (in CD-ROM) .
   Google Scholar
• Jung , K. , and La Nauze , R.D. 1983. Sherwood numbers for burning particles in fluidized beds. Proc. of the the Fourth Int. Conf. on Fluidization , Eng. Foundation, pp. 427–434.
   Google Scholar
• Kassman , H. , Anderson , C. , Högberg , J. , Amand , L.E. , and Davidsson , K. 2006 . Gas phase alkali chlorides and deposits during co-combustion of coal and biomass . Proc. of 19th Int. Conf. on Fluidized Bed Combustion , Engineering Foundation, paper 99 F (in CD-ROM) .
   Google Scholar
• Laursen , K. , and Grace , J.R. 2002 . Some implications of co-combustion of biomass and coal in a fluidized bed boiler . Fuel Processing Technol. , 76 , 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leckner , B. , and Åmand , L.-E. 1987 . Emissions from a circulating and stationary fluidized bed boiler: A comparison . Proc. of the 9th Int. Conf. on Fluidized Bed Combustion , ASME , pp. 891 – 897 .
   Google Scholar
• Levenspiel , O. , Kunii , D. , and Fitzgerald , T. 1968 . The processing of solids of changing size in bubbling fluidized beds . Powder Technol. , 2 , 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Mori , S. , and Wen , C.Y. 1975 . Estimation of bubble diameter in gaseous fluidized beds . AIChE Journal , 21 , 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okasha , F. 2007 . Modeling of straw-bitumen pellets in fluidized bed . Fuel Processing Technology , 88 , 281 .
   Google Scholar
• Ray , Y.C. , Jiang , T.S. , and Jiang , T.L. 1987 . Particle population model for a fluidized bed with attrition . Powder Technol. , 52 , 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sami , M. , Annamalai , K. , and Wooldridge , M. 2001 . Cofiring of biomass and coal blends . Prog. Energ. Combust. Sci. , 27 , 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scala , F. , and Chirone , R. 2004 . Fluidized bed combustion of alternative solid fuels . Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science , 28 , 691 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selçuk , N. , Batu , A. , and Oymak , O. 2003a . NOx emissions from combustion of high sulfur lignite in an ABFBC test rig . Proc. of the 17th Int. Conf. on Fluidized Bed Combustion , ASME, paper 109 (in CD-ROM) .
   Google Scholar
• Selçuk , N. , Degirmenci , E. , and Gögebakan , Y. 2003b . Modeling of a bubbling AFBC with volatiles release . Journal of Energy Resources Technology , 125 , 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selçuk , N. , Oymak , O. , and Degirmenci , E. 1996 . Basic requirement for modeling of fluidized beds: Fast computation of particle size distributions (PSDs) . Powder Technol. , 87 , 269 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selçuk , N. , and Sivrioglu , Ü. 1980 . Mathematical modeling of coal-fired fluidized beds . Journal of Thermal Sciences and Technology (in Turkish) , 3 , 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Sonderal , E.A. , Benson , S.A. , Hurley , J.P. , Mann , M.D. , Pavlish , J.H. , Swanson , M.L. , Weber , G.F. , and Zygarlicke , C.J. 2001 . Review of advances in combustion technology and biomass cofiring . Fuel Processing Technol. , 71 , 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Stubington , J.F. , Chan , S.W. , and Clough , S.J. 1990 . A model for volatiles release into a bubbling fluidized bed combustor . AIChE Journal , 36 , 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yrjas , P. , Skrifvars , B.J. , Hupa , M. , Roppo , J. , Nylund , M. , and Vainikka , P. 2005 . Chlorine in deposits during cofiring biomass, peat and coal in a full scale CFBC boiler . Proc. of 18th Int. Conf. on Fluidized Bed Combustion , ASME, paper 97 (in CD-ROM) .
   Google Scholar