157
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Flame Structure Studies of Neat and HN3-Doped H2/O2/Ar Flames by Laser-Induced Fluorescence, Mass Spectrometry, and Modeling

&
Pages 1184-1202 | Received 07 Jan 2011, Accepted 05 May 2011, Published online: 03 Oct 2011

REFERENCES

  • Anderson , W. , and Conner , C. 2009 . Comparison of gas-phase mechanisms applied to RDX combustion model . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 32 , 2123 , and references cited therein .
  • Anderson , W.R. , Haga , S.W. , Nuzman , J.F. , and Kotlar , A. 2010 . SREAD and PREAD Computer Codes. U.S. Army Research Laboratory, unpublished, private communication.
  • Beckstead , M. , Puduppakkham , K. , Thakre , P. , and Yang , V. 2007 . Modeling of combustion and ignition of solid-propellant ingredients . Prog. Energy. Combust. Sci. , 33 , 497 .
  • Besora , M. , and Harvey , J. 2008 . Understanding the rate of spin-forbidden thermolysis of HN3 and CH3N3 . J. Chem. Phys. , 129 , 044303 , and references cited therein .
  • Betteron , E.A. 2003 . Environmental fate of sodium azide derived from automobile airbags . Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. Technol. , 33 ( 4 ), 423 .
  • Burcat , A. , and Ruscic , B. 2005 . Third Millennium Ideal Gas and Condensed Phase Thermochemical Database for Combustion with Updates from Active Thermochemical Tables, ANL-05/20 and TAE 960, Technion-IIT, Aerospace Engineering, and Argonne National Laboratory, Chemistry Division, September 2005.
  • Cai , C. , Thakre , P. , and Yang , V. 2008 . A model of AP/HTPB composite propellant combustion in rocket-motor environments . Combust. Sci. Technol. , 180 ( 12 ), 2143 .
  • Conner , C.R. , and Anderson , W.R. 2007. Predicted burning rate enhancement by TAGzT in the combustion of nitrate ester propellants. In the Proceedings, JANNAF 34th Propellant & Explosives Development and Characterization Subcommittee, Reno, Nevada, August 13–17.
  • Conner , C.R. , and Anderson , W.R. 2009 . Modeling the combustion of JA2 and solid propellants of similar composition . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 32 , 2131 , and references therein.
  • Eckbreth , A.C. 1996 . Laser Diagnostics for Combustion Temperature and Species, , 2nd ed. , Gordon and Breach Publishers; Overseas Publishers Association (OPA) Amsterdam B.V. , Netherlands .
  • Freitag , F. , Rohrer , F. , and Stuhl , F. 1989 . Kinetic Study of NH (a) by emission . J. Phys. Chem. , 93 ( 8 ), 3170 .
  • Fueno , T. , and Takane , S. 1993 . Theoretical study of the rates of the gas-phase reaction H + HN3 → NH2 + N2 . Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. , 66 , 1944 .
  • Hack , W. , and Jordan , R. 1999 . Reactions rates of the reactions of OH (X2Π) with NH (a1Δ) and HN3 ( ) . Chem. Phys. Lett. , 306 , 111 .
  • Henon , E. , and Bohr , F. 2000 . Comparative ab initio MO investigation on the reactivity of the NH(a1Δ), NH(X3∑-), and NH2( ) radical species in their bimolecular abstraction gas-phase reaction with the HN3 molecule . J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) , 531 , 283 .
  • Hewett , K.B. , and Setser , D.W. 1998 . Chemical kinetics of the azide radical: Rate constants for reactions with Cl, NO, NO2, O2, CO, CO2, Cl2, and C3H6 . J. Phys. Chem. A , 102 , 6274 .
  • Kajimoto , O. , Yamamoto , T. , and Fueno , T. 1979 . Kinetic studies of the thermal decomposition of hydrazoic acid in shock waves . J. Phys. Chem. , 83 , 429 .
  • Kee , R.J. , Grcar , J.F. , Smooke , M.D. , and Miller , J.A. 1985 . A Fortran Program for Modeling Steady, Laminar, One-Dimensional Premixed Flames. Sandia National Laboratories Technical Report SAND 85-8240, National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA; December; reprinted March 1991.
  • Kee , R.J. , Rupley , F.M. , and Miller , J.A. 1991 . CHEMKIN-II: A FORTRAN Chemical Kinetics Package for the Analysis of Gas-Phase Chemical Kinetics. Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND 89-8009, National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA; reprinted 1994.
  • Kent , J.H. 1970 . A noncatalitic coating for platinum-rhodium thermocouples . Combust. Flame , 14 , 279 .
  • Kiselev , V. , and Gritsan , N. 2009 . Theoretical study of the 5-aminotetrazole thermal decomposition . J. Phys. Chem. A , 113 , 3677 , and references cited therein.
  • Knyazev , V.D. , and Korobeinichev , O.P. 2010 . Thermal decomposition of HN3 . J. Phys. Chem. A , 114 , 839 .
  • Kodama , S. 1983 . Reactions of NH radicals, I: Photolysis of HN3 vapor at 313 nm . Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. , 56 , 2348 .
  • Laffitte , P. , Hajal , I. , and Combourieu , J. 1965 . The decomposition flame of hydrogen azide. Tenth Symposium (International) on Combustion , The Combustion Institute , Pittsburgh , PA , pp. 79 – 85 .
  • LeBras , G. , and Combourieu , J. 1973 . Reactions of atomic hydrogen and active nitrogen with hydrogen azide . Int. J. Chem. Kinet. , 5 ( 4 ), 559 .
  • Li , S. , Zhang , Q. , and Wang , W. 2006 . Abinitio and variational transition state approach to atmospheric photooxidation: Mechanism and kinetics for the reaction of HN3 with OH radical . Chem. Phys. Lett. , 428 ( 4–6 ), 262 .
  • Liu , X. , MacDonald , M.A. , and Coombe , R.D. 1992 . Rates of reactions of N3 with F, Cl, Br, and H atoms . J. Phys. Chem. , 96 , 4907 .
  • Mendenhall , I. , and Taylor , R. 2005 . Burn rate enhancement via metal aminotetrazole hydroxides . U.S. Patent Application 20050098246, December 5, 2005, and references cited therein.
  • Okabe , H. 1978. Photochemistry of Small Molecules , Wiley , New York.
  • Onsgstad , A.P. , Henshaw , T.L. , Lawconnell , R.I. , and Thorpe , W.G. 1990 . Chemiluminescence reactions of group VI atoms O(3P) and Se (3P) with azide radicals . J. Phys. Chem. , 94 ( 17 ), 6724 .
  • Orlando , J.J. , Tyndall , G.S. , Betterton , E.A. , Lowry , J. , and Stegall , S.T. 2005 . Atmospheric chemistry of hydrazoic acid (HN3): UV absorption spectrum, oh reaction rate, and reactions of the N3 radical . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 ( 6 ), 1632 .
  • Paul , K. , Hurley , M. , and Irikura , K. 2009 . Unimolecular decomposition of 5-aminotetrazole and its tautomer 5-iminotetrazole: New insight from isopotential searching . J. Phys. Chem. A , 113 , 2483 , and references cited therein.
  • Peeters , J. , and Mahnen , G. 1972 . Reaction mechanisms and rate constants of elementary steps in methane-oxygen flames combustion. Fourteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion , The Combustion Institute , Pittsburgh , PA , pp. 133 – 146 .
  • Röhrig , M. , and Wagner , H.G. 1994 . An investigation about the NH (X3∑-) formation in the thermal decomposition of HN3 . Ber. Bunsen Ges. Phys. Chem. , 98 , 1073 .
  • Sausa , R.C. , Anderson , W.R. , Dayton , D.C. , Faust , C.M. , and Howard , S.L. 1993 . Detailed structure study of a low pressure, stoichiometric H2/N2O/Ar flame . Combust. Flame , 94 ( 4 ), 407 .
  • Schlie , L.A. , and Wright , M.W. 1990 . Electron beam initiated discharges in HN3 gas mixtures . J. Chem. Phys. , 92 , 394 .
  • Smith , G.P. , Golden , D.M. , et al. . 1999 . GRI-Mech 3.0.http://www.me.berkely.edu/gri_mech/
  • Vanderhoff , J.A. , Teague , M.W. , and Kotlar , A. 1992 . Detection of temperature and NO concentrations through the dark zone of solid-propellant flames. Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Symposium (International) on Combustion , Combustion Institute , Pittsburgh , PA , pp. 1915 – 1922 .
  • Walsh , C. , and Knott , C. 2004 . High nitrogen burning rate modifiers for gun propellants. 32nd JANNAF Propellant Explosives Development and Characterization Subcommittee Meeting, Seattle, Washington, July, JSC CD-34, and references cited therein.
  • Yuan , K. , Cheng , Y. , Wang , F. , and Yang , X. 2008 . Photo dissociation dynamics of HN3 and DN3 at 157 nm . J. Phys. Chem. A , 112 , 5332 , and references cited therein.
  • Zhang , J. , Yaun , K. , Chen , Y. , Harich , S. , Wang , X. , Yang , X. , and Wodtke , A. 2007 . UV photodissociation dynamics of HN3 in 190–248 nm . Chin. J. Chem. Phys. , 20 ( 4 ), 345 , and references therein .
  • This article is not subject to U.S. copyright laws. M. P. Grams is a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associate.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.