Turbulent Structure and Dynamics of Swirled, Strongly Pulsed Jet Diffusion Flames

REFERENCES

• Al-Abdeli , Y.M. , and Masri , A.R. 2003 . Recirculation and flowfield regimes of unconfined non-reacting swirling flows . Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. , 27 , 655 – 665 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beér , J.M. , and Chigier , N.A. 1972 . Combustion Aerodynamics , Krieger , London .
   Google Scholar
• Broadwell , J.E. , Dahm , W.J.A. , and Mungal , M.G. 1984 . Blowout of turbulent diffusion flames . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 20 , 303 – 310 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , R.-H. 1995 . Some characteristics of NOx emissions of turbulent nonpremixed hydrogen–air flame stabilized by swirl-generated flow recirculation . Combust. Sci. Technol. , 110–111 , 443 – 460 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , R.-H. , and Driscoll , J.F. 1988 . The role of the recirculation vortex in improving fuel–air mixing within swirling flames . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 22 , 531 – 540 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , R.-H. , and Driscoll , J.F. 1990 . Nitric oxide levels of jet diffusion flames: Effects of coaxial air and other mixing parameters . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 23 , 281 – 288 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , T.Y. , Hegde , U.G. , Daniel , B.R. , and Zinn , B.T. 1993 . Flame radiation and acoustic intensity measurements in acoustically excited diffusion flames . J. Propul. Power , 9 ( 2 ), 210 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowe , S.C. , and Champagne , F.H. 1971 . Orderly structure in jet turbulence . J. Fluid Mech. , 48 , 547 – 591 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahm , W.J.A. , and Mayman , A.G. 1990 . Blowout limits of turbulent jet diffusion flames for arbitrary source conditions . AIAA J. , 28 ( 7 ), 1157 – 1162 .
   Google Scholar
• Feikema , D. , Chen , R.-H. , and Driscoll , J.F. 1991 . Blowout of nonpremixed flames: Maximum coaxial air velocities achievable, with and without swirl . Combust. Flame , 86 , 347 – 358 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fregeau , M. 2007 . Turbulent structure and emissions of strongly pulsed jet diffusion flames. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington.
   Google Scholar
• Fregeau , M. , Hermanson , J.C. , Stocker , D.P. , and Hegde , U.G. 2010 . Turbulent structure dynamics of buoyant and non-buoyant pulsed jet diffusion flames . Combust. Sci. Technol. , 182 , 309 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujii , S. , Eguchi , K. , and Gomi , M. 1981 . Swirling jets with and without combustion . AIAA J. , 19 ( 11 ), 1438 – 1442 .
   Google Scholar
• Gupta , A.K. , Lilley , D.G. , and Syred , N. 1984 . Swirl Flows , Abacus Press , Tunbridge Wells , England .
   Google Scholar
• Hawthorne , W.R. , Weddell , D.S. , and Hottel , H.C. 1949 . Mixing and combustion in turbulent gas jets . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 3 , 266 – 288 .
   Google Scholar
• Haynes , B. , and Wagner , H. 1981 . Soot formation . Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. , 7 , 229 – 273 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermanson , J.C. , Dugnani , R. , and Johari , H. 2000 . Structure and flame length of fully modulated, pulsed diffusion flames . Combust. Sci. Technol. , 155 , 203 – 225 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermanson , J.C. , Johari , H. , Stocker , D.P. , and Hegde , U. 2004 . Buoyancy effects in strongly pulsed, turbulent diffusion flames . Combust. Flame , 139 , 61 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermanson , J.C. , Sangras , R. , Usowicz , J.E. , and Johari , H. 2002 . Effects of coflow on turbulent flame puffs . AIAA J. , 40 ( 7 ), 1355 – 1362 .
   Google Scholar
• Idicheria , C.A. , Boxx , I.G. , and Clemens , N.T. 2004 . Characteristics of turbulent nonpremixed jet flames under normal- and low-gravity conditions . Combust. Flame , 138 , 384 – 400 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johari , H. 1992 . Mixing in thermals with and without buoyancy reversal . J. Atmos. Sci. , 49 ( 16 ), 1412 – 1426 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johari , H. , and Motevalli , V. 1993 . Flame length measurements of burning fuel puffs . Combust. Sci. Technol. , 94 , 229 – 245 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalt , P.A.M. , Al-Abdeli , Y.M. , Masri , A.R. , and Barlow , R.S. 2002 . Swirling turbulent non-premixed flames of methane: Flow field and compositional structure . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 29 , 1913 – 1919 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller , J.O. , Bramlette , T.T. , Dec , J.E. , and Westbrook , C.K. 1989. Pulse combustion: The importance of characteristics times. Combust. Flame , 75, 33–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller , J.O. , and Hongo , I. 1990 . Pulsed combustion: The mechanisms of NOx production . Combust. Flame , 80 , 219 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller , J.O. , Eibeck , P.A. , Bramlette , T.T. , and Barr , P.K. 1993 . Pulse combustion: Tailpipe exit jet characteristics . Combust. Sci. Technol. , 94 , 167 – 192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakshminarasimhan , K. , Clemens , N.T. , and Ezekoye , O.A. 2006 . Characteristics of strongly forced turbulent jets and non-premixed jet flames . Exp. Fluids , 41 , 523 – 542 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao , Y.-H. , and Hermanson , J.C. 2011 . The CO/NOx emissions of strongly pulsed turbulent jet diffusion flames with swirl. Presented at the 7th US National Combustion Meeting, Paper T34.
   Google Scholar
• Lilley , D.G. 1977 . Swirl flows in combustion: A review . AIAA J. , 15 ( 8 ), 1063 – 1078 .
   Google Scholar
• Lovett , J.A. , and Turns , S.R. 1990 . Experiments on axisymmetrically pulsed turbulent jet flames . AIAA J. , 28 ( 1 ), 38 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Lovett , J.A. , and Turns , S.R. 1993 . The structure of pulsed turbulent nonpremixed jet flames . Combust. Sci. Technol. , 94 , 193 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parikh , P.G. , and Moffat , R.J. 1982 . Resonant entrainment of a confined pulsed jet . J. Fluid Eng. , 104 ( 4 ), 482 – 488 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paschereit , C.O. , Gutmark , E. , and Weisenstein , W. 1999 . Coherent structures in swirling flows and their role in acoustic combustion control . Phys. Fluid , 11 ( 9 ), 2667 – 2678 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paschereit , C.O. , Gutmark , E. , and Weisenstein , W. 2000 . Excitation of thermoacoustic instabilities by interaction of acoustics and unstable swirling flow . AIAA J. , 38 ( 6 ), 1025 – 1034 .
   Google Scholar
• Schmittel , P. , Günther , B. , Lenze , B. , Lueckel , W. , and Bockhorn , H. 2000 . Turbulent swirling flame: Experimental investigation of the flow field and formation of nitrogen oxide . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 28 , 303 – 309 .
   Google Scholar
• Syred , N. , and Beér , J.M. 1974 . Combustion in swirling flows: A review . Combust. Flame , 23 , 143 – 201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taghavi , R. , and Rice , E.J. 1989 . Large amplitude acoustic excitation of swirling turbulent jet. AIAA Paper 89–0970.
   Google Scholar
• Tang , Y.M. , Waldherr , G. , Jagoda , J.I. , and Zinn , B.T. 1995 . Heat release timing in a nonpremixed Helmholtz pulse combustor . Combust. Flame , 100 , 251 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tangirala , V. , Chen , R.H. , and Driscoll , J.F. 1987 . Effect of heat release and swirl on the recirculation within swirl-stabilized flames . Combust. Sci. Technol. , 51 , 75 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tummers , M.J. , Hübner , A.W. , van Veen , E.H. , Hanjalić , K. , and van der Meer , T.H. 2009 . Hysteresis and transition in swirling nonpremixed flames . Combust. Flame , 156 , 447 – 459 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermeulen , P.J. , Ramesh , V. , and Yu , W.K. 1986 . Measurement of entrainment by acoustically pulsed axisymmetric air jets . J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power , 108 , 479 – 484 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zinn , B.T. 1992 . Pulse combustion: Recent applications and research issues . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 24 , 1297 – 1305 .
   Google Scholar