Combustion of Pulverized Biomass Crop Residues and Their Explosion Characteristics

References

• Andrews, G.E., and Bradley, D. 1972a. The burning velocity of methane-air mixtures. Combust. Flame, 19, 275–288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews, G.E., and Bradley, D. 1972b. Determination of burning velocities: A critical review. Combust. Flame, 18, 133–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews, G.E., and Bradley, D. 1973. Limits of flammability and natural convection for methane-air mixtures. Symp. (Int.) Combust., 14, 1119–1128.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews, G.E., and Phylaktou, H.N. 2010. Explosion safety. In Handbook of Combustion, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pp. 377–413.
   Google Scholar
• Bartknecht, W. 1993. Explosion Protection, Basics and Application, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Basu, P. 2006. Combustion and Gasification in Fluidized Beds, Taylor and Francis CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• British Standards Institution (BSI). 2012. Determination of explosion limits of gases and vapours. BS EN 1839:2012. British Standards Institution, London.
   Google Scholar
• Cashdollar, K.L. 1996. Coal dust explosibility. J. Loss Prev. Process Ind., 9, 65–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckhoff, R.K. 2003. Dust Explosions in the Process Industries: Identification, Assessment and Control of Dust Hazards, Gulf Professional Publishing, Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Huéscar Medina, C., Maccoitir, B., Sattar, H., Slatter, D.J., Phylaktou, H.N., Andrews, G.E., and Gibbs, B.M. 2015. Comparison of the explosion characteristics and flame speeds of pulverised coals and biomass in the ISO standard 1m 3 dust explosion equipment. Fuel, 151, 91–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huéscar Medina, C., Phylaktou, H.N., Andrews, G.E., and Gibbs, B.M. 2014a. Comparison of explosion characteristics of torrefied and raw biomass. Presented at the 22nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Hamburg, Germany, June 23–26.
   Google Scholar
• Huéscar Medina, C., Phylaktou, H.N., Sattar, H., Andrews, G.E., and Gibbs, B.M. 2013. Torrefaction effects on the reactivity and explosibility of woody biomass. Presented at the 7th International Seminar on Fire and Explosion Hazards, Providence, RI, May 5–10.
   Google Scholar
• Huéscar Medina, C., Sattar, H., Phylaktou, H.N., Andrews, G.E., and Gibbs, B.M. 2014b. Explosion reactivity characterisation of pulverised torrefied spruce wood. J. Loss Prev. Process Ind.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins, B.M., Baxter, L.L., Miles Jr, T.R., and Miles, T.R. 1998. Combustion properties of biomass. Fuel Process. Technol., 54, 17–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKendry, P. 2002. Energy production from biomass (Part 1): Overview of biomass. Bioresour. Technol., 83, 37–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuamah, A., Malmgren, A., Riley, G., and Lester, E. 2012. Case Studies—Biomass Co-Firing. In Comprehensive Renewable Energy, A. Sayigh (Ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Nussbaumer, T. 2003. Combustion and co-combustion of biomass: Fundamentals, technologies, and primary measures for emission reduction. Energy Fuels, 17, 1510–1521.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saeed, M.A., Andrews, G.E., Phylaktou, H.N., and Gibbs, B.M. 2015a. Global kinetics of the rate of volatile release from biomasses in comparison to coal. Presented at the 1st Chemistry in Energy Conference (1st CEC), Edinburgh, UK, July 20–22.
   Google Scholar
• Saeed, M.A., Andrews, G.E., Phylaktou, H.N., Sattar, H., Medina, C.H., Slatter, D.J.F., Herath, P., and Gibbs, B.M. 2015b. Improvements to the Hartmann dust explosion equipment for MEC measurements that are compatible with gas lean limit measurements. Presented at the 10th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan, October 5–7.
   Google Scholar
• Saeed, M.A., Irshad, A., Sattar, H., Andrews, G.E., Phylaktou, H.N., and Gibbs, B.M. 2015c. Agricultural waste biomass energy potential in Pakistan. Presented at the International Bioenergy Exhibition and Asian Bioenergy Conference, Shanghai, China, October 21–23.
   Google Scholar
• Saeed, M.A., Medina, C.H., Andrews, G.E., Phylaktou, H.N., Slatter, D., and Gibbs, B.M. 2014. Agricultural waste pulverised biomass: MEC and flame speeds. J. Loss Prev. Process Ind., 36, 308–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sattar, H., Andrews, G.E., Phylaktou, H.N., and Gibbs, B.M. 2014. Turbulent flames speeds and laminar burning velocities of dusts using the ISO 1 m3 dust explosion method. Chem. Eng., 36, 157–162.
   Google Scholar
• Sattar, H., Huéscar Medina, C., Phylaktou, H.N., Andrews, G.E., and Gibbs, B.M. 2012a. Calibration of a 10L volume dust holding pot for the 1m³ standard vessel, for use in low-bulk-density biomass explosibility testing. Presented at the IX International Symposium of Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions (9th ISHPMIE), Krakow, Poland, July 22–27.
   Google Scholar
• Sattar, H., Phylaktou, H.N., Andrews, G.E., and Gibbs, B.M. 2012b. Explosions and flame propagation in nut-shell biomass powders. Presented at the IX International Symposium of Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions (9th ISHPMIE), Krakow, Poland, July 22–27.
   Google Scholar
• Slatter, D.J.F., Huéscar Medina, C., Sattar, H., Andrews, G.E., Phylaktou, H.N., and Gibbs, B.M. 2013. The influence of particle size and volatile content on the reactivity of CH and CHO chemical and biomass dusts. Presented at the 7th International Seminar on Fire and Explosion Hazards, Providence, RI, May 5–10.
   Google Scholar