Effect of limestone addition on radiative heat transfer during co-firing of high-sulfur content lignite with biomass in fluidized bed combustors

References

• Abdelmotalib, H.M., Youssef, M.A.M., Hassan, A.A., Youn, S.B., and Im, I. 2015. Heat transfer process in gas–solid fluidized bed combustors: A review. Int. J. Heat Mass. Transfer, 89, 567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson, K., Johansson, R., Hjärtstam, S., Johnsson, F., and Leckner, B. 2008. Radiation intensity of lignite-fired oxy-fuel flames. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 33, 67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ates, C., Selçuk, N., and Kulah, G. 2018. Effect of changing biomass source on radiative heat transfer during co-firing of high-sulfur content lignite in fluidized bed combustors. Appl. Therm. Eng., 128, 539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ates, C., Selçuk, N., Ozen, G., and Kulah, G. 2016. Radiative heat transfer in strongly forward scattering media of circulating fluidized bed combustors. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 182, 264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ates, C., Selçuk, N., Ozen, G., and Kulah, G. 2017a. Benchmarking gray particle approximations against nongray particle radiation in circulating fluidized bed combustors. Numer. Heat Tr B-Fund., 71, 467.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ates, C., Sen, O., Selçuk, N., and Kulah, G. 2017b. Influence of spectral particle properties on radiative heat transfer in optically thin and thick media of fluidized bed combustors. Int. J. Therm. Sci., 122, 266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahador, M., and Sunden, B. 2008. Investigation on the effects of fly ash particles on the thermal radiation in biomass fired boilers. Int. J. Heat Mass. Transfer, 51, 2411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewster, M.Q., and Kunitomo, T. 1984. The optical constants of coal, char, and limestone. J. Heat Transfer, 106(4), 678.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson, B.G., and Lathrop, K.D. 1968. Computing methods in reactor physics. In Greenspan, H., Kelber, C.N., and Okrent, D. (Eds.), Transport Theory —The Method of Discrete Ordinates, Gordon &Breach, New York, pp. 165–266.
   Google Scholar
• Ferrer, E., Aho, M., Silvennoinen, J., and Nurminen, R.V. 2005. Fluidized bed combustion of refuse-derived fuel in presence of protective coal ash. Fuel Process. Technol., 87, 33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filla, M., and Scalabrin, A. 1996. Scattering of thermal radiation in the freeboard of a 1 MWt fluidized bed combustor with coal and limestone feeding. Symposium (International) on Combustion, 26, 3295. doi: 10.1016/S0082-0784(96)80176-7
   Google Scholar
• Gogebakan, Z., Gogebakan, Y., and Selçuk, N. 2008. Co-Firing of olive residue with lignite in bubbling FBC. Combust. Sci. Technol., 180(5), 854.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin, D.G., and Mitchner, M. 1989. Flyash radiative properties and effects on radiative heat transfer in coal-fired systems. Int. J. Heat Mass. Transfer, 32, 627.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harmandar, H. 2003. Effect of recycling on the performance of bubbling fluidized bed combustors. Master Thesis. Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
   Google Scholar
• He, Q., and Lu, J. 2002. Analysis of the heat transfer mechanism in high-temperature circulating fluidized beds by a numerical model. J. Energy Resour. Technol., 124(1), 34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HjäRtstam, S., Johansson, R., Andersson, K., and Johnsson, F. 2012. Computational fluid dynamics modeling of oxy-fuel flames: the role of soot and gas radiation. Energy Fuels, 26, 2786.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hua, Y., Flamant, G., Lu, J., and Gauthier, D. 2005. 3D modelling of radiative heat transfer in circulating fluidized bed combustors: influence of the particulate composition. Int. J. Heat Mass. Transfer, 48, 1145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter, B., and Guo, Z. 2014. A new and simple technique to normalize the hg phase function for conserving scattered energy and asymmetry factor. Numer. Heat Tr B-Fund., 65, 195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassman, H., Anderson, C., Högberg, J., Amand, L.E., and Davidsson, K. 2006. Importance of coal ash composition in protecting the boiler against chlorine deposition during combustion of chlorine-rich biomass. In Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, ASME, Vienna, Austria, Paper No. FBC06-009.
   Google Scholar
• Khavidak, S.S., Pallares, D., Normann, F., Johnsson, F., and Yla-Outinen, V. 2015. Heat transfer in a 4–mWth circulating fluidized bed furnace operated under oxy-fired and air-fired conditions: modeling and measurements. Int. J. Green. Gas Con, 37, 264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kömür Sektör Raporu (Linyit). 2016. Türkiye Kömür Işletmeleri Kurumu, T.C. Enerji Ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı 32. Printing Division of Turkey Coal Enterprises Authority, Ankara.
   Google Scholar
• Kozan, M., and Selçuk, N. 2000. Investigation of radiative heat transfer in freeboard of a 0.3 MWt AFBC test rig. Combust. Sci. Technol., 153, 113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modest, M.F. 2013. Radiative Heat Transfer, Academic Press, New York, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Ozen, G., and Selçuk, N. 2014. Sensitivity of radiation modeling to property estimation techniques in the freeboard of lignite-fired bubbling fluidized bed combustors (BFBCs). Combust. Sci. Technol., 186(4–5), 684.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selçuk, N., Batu, A., and Ayranci, I. 2002. Performance of method of lines solution of discrete ordinates method in the freeboard of a bubbling fluidized bed combustor. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 73, 503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selçuk, N., and Kayakol, N. 1996. Evaluation of angular quadrature and spatial differencing schemes for discrete ordinates method in rectangular furnaces, In Proc. of 31st National Heat Transfer Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, ASME, New York, 325, p. 151.
   Google Scholar
• Theis, M., Skrifvars, B.J., Hupa, M., and Tran, H. 2006. Fouling tendency of ash resulting from burning mixtures of biofuels. Part 1: deposition rates. Fuel, 85, 1125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turkey in Statistics. 2015. Turkish Statistical Institute, Printing Division of Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara, 42.
   Google Scholar
• Yin, C. 2016. Effects of moisture release and radiation properties in pulverized fuel combustion: A CFD modelling study. Fuel, 165, 252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yrjas, P., Skrifvars, B.J., Hupa, M., Roppo, J., Nylund, M., and Vainikka, P. 2005. Chlorine in deposits during co-firing biomass, peat and coal in a full scale CFBC boiler. In Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, ASME, Paper No. FBC05-097, May 22–25, 2005, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., Ito, T., Ito, S., Riechelmann, D., and Fujimori, T. 2015. Numerical investigation of oxy-coal combustion in a large-scale furnace: non-gray effect of gas and role of particle radiation. Fuel, 139, 87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar