Combustion of Hard Coal and Alternative Fuels in a Boiler with an Innovative Retort Burner

References

• Buczyński, R., Weber, R., and Szlęk, A. 2015. Innovative design solutions for small-scale domestic boilers: combustion improvements using a CFD-based mathematical model. J. Energy Inst, 88, 1 53–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CSO Central Statistical Office, Energy Statistics in 2015 and 2016, Warsaw 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Dias, J., Costa, M., and Azevedo, J.L.T. 2004. Test of a small domestic boiler using different pellets. Biomass and Bioenergy, 27, 6 531–539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DIRECTIVE 2004/107/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 December 2004 relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air.
   Google Scholar
• DIRECTIVE 2008/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe (CAFE).
   Google Scholar
• El-Sayed, S.A., and Khairy, M. 2018. An experimental study of combustion and emissions of wheat straw pellets in high-temperature air flows. Combustion Sci. Technol, 190, 2 222–251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horak, J., Kubonova, L., Krpec, K., Hopan, F., Kubesa, P., Motyka, O., et al. 2017. PAH emissions from old and new types of domestic hot water boilers. Environ. Pollut., 225, 31–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hrycko, P., Lasek, J., and Matuszek, K. 2013. Biomass gasification and polish coal-fired boilers for process of reburning in small boilers. J. Cent. . Univ., 20, 6 1623–1630.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inventory project P.420644 - Solid-fuel burner for solid fuels, especially for hard coal and brown coal with varying geometry of combustion surface.
   Google Scholar
• Isemin, R., Mikhalev, A., Klimov, D.M., Grammelis, P., Margaritis, N., Kourkoumpas, D.S., and Zaichenko, V. 2017. Torrefaction and combustion of pellets made of a mixture of coal sludge and straw. Fuel., 210, 859–865.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraszkiewicz, A. 2016. The combustion of wood biomass in low power coal-fired boilers. Combustion Sci. Technol., 188, 3 389–396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lasek, J.A., Matuszek, K., Hrycko, P., and Piechaczek, M. 2018. Adaptation of hard coal with high sinterability for solid fuel boilers in residential heating systems. Fuel., 215, 239–248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H., Qiu, J., Wu, H., and Li, J. 2003. Direct modification of solid residues during co-firing of coal sludge and coal. Fuel., 82, 18 2323–2329.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munawer, M.E. 2018. Human health and environmental impacts of coal combustion and post-combustion wastes. Journal of Sustainable Mining., 17, 2 87–96.
   Google Scholar
• Orszulik, E. 2017. Improving the efficiency of hard coal combustion process in low-power boilers by applying innovative design changes to the retort burner. Energetyka., 11,761 691–700.
   Google Scholar
• PN – ISO 1171:2002 Solid fuels – Determination of ash.
   Google Scholar
• PN – ISO1928 Solid Mineral Fuels – Determination of Gross Calorific Value by the Calorimetric Method, and Calculation of Net Calorific Value.
   Google Scholar
• PN – ISO 334 Solid mineral fuels – Determination of total sulhur – Eschka method.
   Google Scholar
• PN – ISO 587 Solid mineral fuels – Determination of total chlorine using Eschka mixture.
   Google Scholar
• PN-EN 303-5: 2012 standard, (Part 5: Solid fuel boilers with manual and automatic fuel hopper of nominal power up to 500 kW - Terminology, requirements, testing and marking).
   Google Scholar
• PN-Z-04030-7 :1994Standard “Measurement of the concentration and mass flow of dust in waste gas by gravimetric method” - flow measurements, gas physical parameters, dust emission.
   Google Scholar
• PN-Z-04030-7: 1994Solid mineral fuels - Determination of ash.
   Google Scholar
• Polish environmental protection law. Journal of Laws of 2017, 519, Art. 17.1, Act of 27 April 2001
   Google Scholar
• Rabaçal, M., Fernandes, U., and Costa, M. 2013. Combustion and emission characteristics of a domestic boiler fired with pellets of pine, industrial wood wastes and peach stones. Renewable Energy., 51, 220–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regulation of the Delegated Commission EU on ecoproject requirements: Regulation of the Delegated Commission (EU) 2015/1187 of 28 April 2015 on the implementation of Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecoproject requirements for solid fuel boilers.
   Google Scholar
• Regulation of the Delegated Commission EU on energy labelling: Regulation of the Delegated Commission (EU)2015/1187 of 27 April 2015, EU Journal of Laws 21.7.2015 supplementing Directive 2010/30/EU of the European Parliament and the Council as regards energy labelling for solid fuel boilers and kits containing solid fuel boilers, additional heaters, temperature regulators and solar equipment.
   Google Scholar
• Regulation of the Polish Minister of the Environment dated07.11.2014, on the requirements for the measurement of emissions and measurements of the amount of water taken.
   Google Scholar
• Regulation of the Polish Ministry of the Environment of 19.11.2008, on the types of results of measurements conducted in connection with the operation of the plant or equipment and other data as well as dates and ways of their presentation.
   Google Scholar
• Resolution No. 18/243/16 of the Małopolskie Regional Assembly of 15 January 2016 on the introduction in the area of the municipality of Krakow of restrictions on the operation of installations where fuel combustion occurs (in Polish).
   Google Scholar
• Resolution No. 5/36/1/2017 of the Silesian Voivodship Regional Assembly of April 07 on the introduction in the Silesian Voivodship of limitations on the operation of fuel combustion installations (in Polish).
   Google Scholar
• Ryfa, A., Buczynski, R., Chabinski, M., Szlek, A., and Bialecki, R.A. 2014. Decoupled numerical simulation of a solid fuel fired retort boiler. Appl. Thermal Eng., 73,1 794–804.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidl, C., Luisser, M., Padouvas, E., Lasselsberger, L., Rzaca, M., Ramirez-Santa Cruz, C., et al. 2011. Particulate and gaseous emissions from manually and automatically fired small scale combustion systems. Atmos. Environ., 45, 7443–7454.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinbrecht, D., and Weng, M. 2014. Small-scale flameless fluidized bed combustion – perspectives or energetic utilization of difficult fuels. Combustion Sci. Technol., 186,4–5 529–539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomsej, T., Horak, J., Tomsejova, S., Krpec, K., Klanova, J., Dej, M., et al. 2018. The impact of co-combustion of polyethylene plastics and wood in a small residential boiler on emissions of gaseous pollutants, particulate matter, PAHs and 1,3,5- triphenylbenzene. Chemosphere, 196, 18–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vamvuka, D., Galetakis, M., and Merkoulidi, G. 2017. Investigation of the combustion performance of residues from vineyards and processing industry via fluidized bed experiments, factorial desigh, and modelling. Combustion Sci. Technol., 189,5 890–907.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wongwuttanasatian, T., and Sakkampang, C. 2016. Combustion characteristics and emission of briquette fuel from biomass mixed with glycerine. Combustion Sci. Technol., 188,6 1011–1019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar