Influence of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate on Combustion Performance and Ash Characteristics during Combustion of Zhundong Coal

References

• Abrahams, I., Hawkes, G.E., and Knowles, J. 1997. Phosphorus speciation in sodium–calcium–phosphate ceramics. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 9(9), 1483–1484. doi:10.1039/a701029j
   Google Scholar
• Albina, D. O., Millrath, K., & Themelis, N. J. 2004. Effects of feed composition on boiler corrosion in waste-to-energy plants. In 12th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 99–109. doi:10.1115/NAWTEC12-2215P.S.
   Google Scholar
• Alzueta, M.U., Røjel, H., Kristensen, P.G., Glarborg, P., and Dam-Johansen, K. 1997. Laboratory study of the CO/NH3/NO/O2 system: implications for hybrid reburn/SNCR strategies. Energy Fuels, 11(3), 716–723. doi:10.1021/ef960140n
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, J., Li, W., and Li, B. 2008. Characterization of low-temperature coal ash behaviors at high temperatures under reducing atmosphere. Fuel, 87(4), 583–591. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2007.02.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, Y. 2017. Analysis of slagging and fouling characteristics in a purely burning Zhundong coal boiler. Clean Coal Technol., 23(3), 118–123. In Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Baxter, L.L. 1993. Ash deposition during biomass and coal combustion: a mechanistic approach. Biomass Bioenergy., 4(2), 85–102. doi:10.1016/0961-9534(93)90031-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhuiyan, A.A., and Naser, J. 2015. Modeling of slagging in industrial furnace: a comprehensive review. Procedia Eng., 105, 512–519. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.05.084
   Google Scholar
• Bryers, R.W. 1996. Fireside slagging, fouling, and high-temperature corrosion of heat-transfer surface due to impurities in steam-raising fuels. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 22(1), 29–120. doi:10.1016/0360-1285(95)00012-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, X.D., Kong, L.X., Jin, B., Bai, Z.Q., and Wen, L.I. 2016. Effect of Na2O on mineral transformation of coal ash under high temperature gasification condition. J. Fuel Chem. Technol., 44(3), 263–272. doi:10.1016/S1872-5813(16)30015-9
   Google Scholar
• Chen, X.K., Li, H.T., Wang, Q.H., and Zhang, Y.N. 2018. Experimental investigation on the macroscopic characteristic parameters of coal spontaneous combustion under adiabatic oxidation conditions with a mini combustion furnace. Combust. Sci. Technol., 190(6), 1075–1095. doi:10.1080/00102202.2018.1428570
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai, B. Q., Wu, X., De Girolamo, A., and Zhang, L. 2015. Inhibition of lignite ash slagging and fouling upon the use of a silica-based additive in an industrial pulverised coal-fired boiler. Part 1. Changes on the properties of ash deposits along the furnace. Fuel, 139, 720–732. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.06.054
   Google Scholar
• Elled, A., ÅMand, L.E., Andersson, B.A., and Leckner, B. 2005. Phosphorous in ash from co-combustion of municipal sewage sludge with wood in a CFB boiler: a comparison of experimental data with predictions by a thermodynamic equilibrium model. In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., 639–649. doi:10.1115/FBC2005-78072
   Google Scholar
• Elled, A.L., Åmand, L.E., Bo, L., and Andersson, B.Å. 2006. Influence of phosphorus on sulphur capture during co-firing of sewage sludge with wood or bark in a fluidised bed. Fuel, 85(12), 1671–1678. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2006.02.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enestam, S., Bankiewicz, D., Tuiremo, J., Mäkelä, K., and Hupa, M. 2013. Are NaCl and KCl equally corrosive on superheater materials of steam boilers? Fuel, 104, 294–306. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.07.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glarborg, P., and Marshall, P. 2005. Mechanism and modeling of the formation of gaseous alkali sulfates. Combust. Flame., 141(1), 22–39. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.08.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimm, A., Skoglund, N., Dan, B., and Öhman, M. 2011. Bed agglomeration characteristics in fluidized quartz bed combustion of phosphorus-rich biomass fuels. Energy Fuels, 25(3), 937–947. doi:10.1021/ef101451e
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harb, J.N., Munson, C.L., and Richards, G.H. 1993. Use of equilibrium calculations to predict the behavior of coal ash in combustion systems. Energy Fuels, 7(2), 208–214. doi:10.1021/ef00038a008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamp, W.L.V.D., and Morgan, D.J. 1996. The co-firing of pulverised bituminous coals with straw, waste paper and municipal sewage sludge. Combust. Sci. Technol., 121(1–6), 317–332. doi:10.1080/00102209608935601
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konsomboon, S., Pipatmanomai, S., Madhiyanon, T., and Tia, S. 2011. Effect of kaolin addition on ash characteristics of palm empty fruit bunch (efb) upon combustion. Appl. Energy, 88(1), 298–305. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.07.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S.H.D., and Johnson, I. 1980. Removal of gaseous alkali metal compounds from hot flue gas by particulate sorbents. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 102(2), 397–402. doi:10.1115/1.3230269
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, G., Li, S., Huang, Q., and Yao, Q. 2015a. Fine particulate formation and ash deposition during pulverized coal combustion of high-sodium lignite in a down-fired furnace. Fuel, 143(44), 430–437. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.11.067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, G., Wang, C., Yu, Y., Xi, J., Liu, Y., and Che, D. 2016. Release and transformation of sodium during combustion of Zhundong coals. J. Energy Inst., 89(1), 48–56. doi:10.1016/j.joei.2015.01.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H., Han, K., Wang, Q., and Lu, C. 2015b. Influence of ammonium phosphates on gaseous potassium release and ash-forming characteristics during combustion of biomass. Energy and Fuels, 29(4), 2555–2563. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00285
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, L., Ren, Q., Li, S., and Lu, Q. 2013. Effect of phosphorus on the behavior of potassium during the co-combustion of wheat straw with municipal sewage sludge. Energy and Fuels, 27(10), 5923–5930. doi:10.1021/ef401196y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, L., Ren, Q., Wang, X., Li, S., and Lu, Q. 2014. TG–MS analysis of thermal behavior and gaseous emissions during co-combustion of straw with municipal sewage sludge. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 118(1), 449–460. doi:10.1007/s10973-014-3952-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, R., Chen, Q., and Zhang, H. 2017. Detailed investigation on sodium (na) species release and transformation mechanism during pyrolysis and char gasification of high-Na Zhundong coal. Energy and Fuels, 31(6), 5902–5912. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00410
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, S., Qi, C., Jiang, Z., Zhang, Y., Niu, M., Li, Y., and Finkelman, R.B. 2018. Mineralogy and geochemistry of ash and slag from coal gasification in China: a review. Int. Geol. Rev., 60(5–6), 717–735. doi:10.1080/00206814.2017.1287013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, D., Qin, B., Song, S., Liang, H.J., and Gao, A. 2017. An experimental study on the effects of air humidity on the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal. Combust. Sci. Technol., 189(6). doi:10.1080/00102202.2017.1368500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, J.A., and Bowman, C.T. 1989. Erratum: mechanism and modeling of nitrogen chemistry in combustion. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 15(4), 287–338. doi:10.1016/0360-1285(89)90017-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qi, X., Song, G., Song, W., Yang, S., and Lu, Q. 2016. Effects of wall temperature on slagging and ash deposition of zhundong coal during circulating fluidized bed gasification. J. Basic Clin. Pharm., 106(4), 1127–1135.
   Google Scholar
• Qi, X., Song, G., Song, W., Yang, S., and Lu, Q. 2018. Combustion performance and slagging characteristics during co-combustion of Zhundong coal and sludge. J. Energy Inst., 91(3), 397–410. doi:10.1016/j.joei.2017.02.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandström, M. 2006. Structural and solid state EMF studies of phases in the CaO–K2O–P2O5 system with relevance for biomass combustion. Appl. Phys. Electronics. 19–30.
   Google Scholar
• Song, G., Song, W., Qi, X., and Yang, S. 2018. Sodium transformation characteristic of high sodium coal in circulating fluidized bed at different air equivalence ratios. Appl. Therm. Eng., 130, 1199–1207. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.11.118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, W., Song, G., Qi, X., Yang, S., Lu, Q., and Nowak, W. 2017. Speciation and distribution of sodium during Zhundong coal gasification in a circulating fluidized bed. Energy & Fuels, 31(2), 1889–1895. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01610
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudō, T. 1981. Clay Mineralogy, 1st ed., Geology Publisher House, Beijing.
   Google Scholar
• Sun, B., Gao, M., Su, Y., et al. 2018. Influence of sewage sludge on ash-melting characteristics during combustion of high sodium coal of Wucai Wan. Chem. Ind. Eng. Prog., 37(08), 2991–3000.
   Google Scholar
• Viklund, P., Hjörnhede, A., Henderson, P., Stålenheim, A., and Pettersson, R. 2013. Corrosion of superheater materials in a waste-to-energy plant. Fuel Process. Technol., 105, 106–112. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.06.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C.P., Wang, F.Y., Yang, Q.R., and Liang, R.G. 2009. Thermogravimetric studies of the behavior of wheat straw with added coal during combustion. Biomass Bioenergy, 33(1), 50–56. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.04.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L., Skjevrak, G., Hustad, J.E., and Grønli, M.G. 2012. Sintering characteristics of sewage sludge ashes at elevated temperatures. Fuel Process. Technol., 96, 88–97. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.12.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, T., Liu, H., Zhang, X., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Guo, Y., and Sun, B. 2018. Catalytic conversion of NO assisted by plasma over Mn-Ce/ZSM5-multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites: investigation of acidity, activity and stability of catalyst in the synergic system. Appl. Surf. Sci.. 457, 187–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X., Xu, Z., Wei, B., Zhang, L., Tan, H., Yang, T., and Duić, N. 2015. The ash deposition mechanism in boilers burning Zhundong coal with high contents of sodium and calcium: a study from ash evaporating to condensing. Appl. Therm. Eng., 80, 150–159. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.01.051
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, X., Huang, J., Liu, T., Fang, Y., and Wang, Y. 2008. Transformation of alkali metals during pyrolysis and gasification of a lignite. Energy & Fuels, 22(3),  1840–1844. doi:10.1021/ef7007858
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, X.Z., Deng, X.Y., Li, J.B., Chen, R.L., and Zhu, S.J. 2009. The critobalite transition of α-quartz. J. Mater. Eng. 2, 67–69
   Google Scholar
• Xu, L., Liu, H., Fang, H., Gao, J., and Wu, S. 2017. Effects of various inorganic sodium salts present in Zhundong coal on the char characteristics. Fuel, 203, 120–127. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2017.04.106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xuan, W., Whitty, K.J., Guan, Q., Bi, D., Zhan, Z., and Zhang, J. 2015. Influence of SiO2/Al2O3 on crystallization characteristics of synthetic coal slags. Fuel, 144(10), 103–110. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.11.091
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, G.H., Dong, J.X., Sun, X.X., Gao, Z.S., Yu, J.G., and Yao, W. 2003. Application of dry barrier mix in 70 kA Soderberg pot. Light Met., 7, 30–32. In Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Zevenhoven, M., Yrjas, P., Skrifvars, B.J., and Hupa, M. 2012. Characterization of ash-forming matter in various solid fuels by selective leaching and its implications for fluidized-bed combustion. Energy and Fuels, 26(10), 6366–6386. doi:10.1021/ef300621j
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, H., Guo, X., and Zhu, Z. 2017. Effect of temperature on gasification performance and sodium transformation of Zhundong coal. Fuel, 189, 301–311. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.097
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Q., Liu, H., Qian, Y., Xu, M., Li, W., and Xu, J. 2013. The influence of phosphorus on ash fusion temperature of sludge and coal. Fuel Process. Technol., 110, 218–226. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.12.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., Zhang, H., and Na, Y. 2015. Transformation of sodium during the ashing of Zhundong coal. Procedia Eng., 102, 305–314. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.147
   Google Scholar