References
- Bane, S. P. M., R. Mével, S. A. Coronel, and J. E. Shepherd. 2011. Flame burning speeds and combustion characteristics of undiluted and nitrogen-diluted hydrogen–nitrous oxide mixtures. Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 36 (16):10107–16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.04.232.
- Benedetto, A. D., V. D. Sarli, E. Salzano, F. Cammarota, and G. Russo. 2009. Explosion behavior of CH4/O2/N2/CO2 and H2/O2/N2/CO2 mixtures. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 34 (16):6970–78. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.05.120.
- Bradley, D., and A. Mitcheson. 1976. Mathematical solutions for explosions in spherical vessels. Combust. Flame 26:201–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(76)90072-9.
- Brandes, E., W. Hirsch, M. Mitu, and S. Zakel. 2019. Ignition temperature of combustible liquids in mixtures of air with oxygen or dinitrogen oxide. 27th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems(ICDERS), Beijing, China.
- Coronel, S., R. Mevel, S. P. M. Bane, and J. E. Shepherd. 2013. Experimental study of minimum ignition energy of lean H2-N2O mixtures. Proc. Combust. Inst. 34 (1):895–902. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2012.05.062.
- Dahoe, A., J. Zevenbergen, S. Lemkowicz, and B. Scarlett. 1996. Dust explosions in spherical vessels: The role of flame thickness in the validity of the “cubic-root law”. J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. 9 (1):33–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-4230(95)00054-2.
- Destriau, M. 1962. On the Explosion limits of various combustible gases using nitrous oxide as oxidizer. Combustion and Flame 6:347–50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(62)90112-8.
- Gas Equation Software Package, Vers. 0.79 (Chris Morley, 2005). http://wwwgaseqcouk/.
- Habeebullah, M. B., F. N. Alasfour, and M. C. Branch. 1990. Structure and kinetics of CH4/N2O flames. Twenty-Third Symposium (International) on Combustion, 371–78.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0082-0784(06)80281-X .
- Holland, S., D. T. Jones, and P. Gray. 1971. Combustion supported by nitrous oxide: Flame speeds and flammability limits in the hydrogen + ethane + nitrous oxide system. Combust. Flame 17 (1):31–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-2180(71)80135-9.
- Javoy, S., R. Mevel, and C. E. Paillard. 2009. A Study of N2O decomposition rate constant at high temperature: Application to the reduction of nitrous oxide by hydrogen. Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 41:357–75. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/kin.20401.
- Kampschreura, M. J., H. Temminkb, R. Kleerebezema, M. S. M. Jettenac, and M. C. M. van Loosdrecht. 2009. Nitrous oxide emission during wastewater treatment. Water Res. 43:4093–103. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.001.
- Koshiba, Y., T. Hasegawa, B. Kim, and H. Ohtani. 2017. Flammability limits, explosion pressures, and applicability of Le Chatelier’s rule to binary alkane–nitrous oxide mixtures. J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. 45:1–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2016.11.007.
- Koshiba, Y., T. Hasegawa, and H. Ohtani. 2018. Numerical and experimental study of the explosion pressures and flammability limits of lower alkenes in nitrous oxide atmosphere. Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 118:59–67. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2018.06.024.
- Koshiba, Y., T. Nishida, N. Morita, and H. Ohtani. 2015. Explosion behavior of n-alkane/nitrous oxide mixtures. Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 98:11–15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2015.06.005.
- Kuchta, J. M. 1986. Investigation of fire and explosion accidents in the chemical, mining, and fuel-related industries—A manual, Bulletin 680. Washington, DC: Bureau of Mines.
- Li, Q., B. Lin, H. Dai, and S. Zhao. 2012. Explosion characteristics of H2/CH4/air and CH4/coal dust/air mixtures. Powder Technol. 229:222–28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.06.036.
- Li,Y., M. Bi, B. Li, Y. Zhou, W. Gao.2018. Effects of hydrogen and initial pressure on flame characteristics and explosion pressure of methane/hydrogen fuels. Fuel 233: 269–282. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.06.042
- Ma, Q., Q. Zhang, J. Chen, Y. Huang, and Y. Shi. 2014. Effects of hydrogen on combustion characteristics of methane in air. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 39 (21):11291–98. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.05.030.
- Mathieu, O., A. Levacque, and E. L. Petersen. 2012. Effects of N2O addition on the ignition of H2–O2 mixtures: Experimental and detailed kinetic modeling study. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 37 (20):15393–405. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.07.071.
- Mittal, M. 2017. Explosion pressure measurement of methane-air mixtures in different sizes of confinement. J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. 46:200–08. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2017.02.022.
- Mitu, M., V. Giurcan, D. Razus, and D. Oancea. 2020. Influence of initial pressure and vessel’s geometry on deflagration of stoichiometric methane–Air mixture in small-scale closed vessels. Energy & Fuels 34 (3):3828–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b04450.
- Mitu, M., V. Giurcan, D. Razus, M. Prodan, and D. Oancea. 2017. Propagation indices of methane-air explosions in closed vessels. J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. 47:110–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2017.03.001.
- Parres-Esclapez, S., M. J. Illán-Gómez, C. Salinas-Martínezde Lecea, and A. Bueno-López. 2010. On the importance of the catalyst redox properties in the N2O decomposition over alumina and ceria supported Rh, Pd and Pt. Appl. Catal. B 96:370–78. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.02.034.
- Pfahl, U. J., M. C. Ross, and J. E. Shepherd. 2000. Flammability limits, ignition energy, and flame speeds in H2–CH4–NH3–N2O–O2–N2 mixtures. Combust. Flame 123 (1–2):140–58. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-2180(00)00152-8.
- Powell, O. A., P. Papas, and C. B. Dreyer. 2009. Laminar burning velocities for hydrogen-,methane-, acetylene-, and propane-nitrous oxide flames. Combust. Sci. Technol. 181 (7):917–36. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200902817066.
- Powell, O. A., P. Papas, and C. B. Dreyer. 2010. Hydrogen- and C1–C3 hydrocarbon-nitrous oxide kinetics in freely propagating and burner-stabilized flames, shock tubes, and flow reactors. Combustion Science and Technology 182 (3):252–83. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200903357724.
- Razus, D., C. Movileanu, and D. Oancea. 2007. The rate of pressure rise of gaseous propylene–air explosions in spherical and cylindrical enclosures. J. Hazardous Mater. 139 (1):1–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.05.103.
- Razus, D., M. Mitu, V. Giurcan, and D. Oancea. 2017. Propagation indices of methane-nitrous oxide flames in the presence of inert additives. J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. 49:418–26. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2017.08.010.
- Salzano, E., F. Cammarota, A. D. Benedetto, and V. D. Sarli. 2012. Explosion behavior of hydrogen–methane/air mixtures. J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. 25 (3):443–47. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2011.11.010.
- Severin, K. 2015. Synthetic Chemistry with nitrous oxide. Chem. Soc. Rev. 44 (17):6375–86. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CS00339C.
- Shen, X., G. Xiu, and S. Wu. 2017. Experimental study on the explosion characteristics of methane/air mixtures with hydrogen addition. Appl. Therm. Eng. 120:741–47. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.04.040.
- Shen, X., N. Zhang, X. Shi, and X. Cheng. 2019. Experimental studies on pressure dynamics of C2H4/N2O mixtures explosion with dilution. Appl. Therm. Eng. 147:74–80. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.10.053.
- Thomas, G., R. Bambrey, and G. Oakley. 2018. A study of flame acceleration and the possibility of detonation with silane mixtures. Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 117:278–85. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2018.05.003.
- Van den Bulck, E. 2005. Closed algebraic expressions for the adiabatic limit value of the explosion constant in closed volume combustion. J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. 18 (1):35–42. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2004.10.004.
- Velthuysen, T., K. M. Broughton, M. Brooks, and J. Pitot. 2018. Safety aspects of nitrous oxide use in hybrid rocket. Motor Design and Testing, AIAA Propulsion and Energy Forum. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4411
- Venkatesh, P. B., J. D. Entremont, S. Meyer, S. Bane, and M. Grubelich. 2013. High-pressure combustion and deflagration-to-detonation transition in ethylene/nitrous oxide mixtures. 8th US National Combustion Meeting, Park City, Utah.
- Venkatesh, P. B., S. E. Meyer, S. P. M. Bane, and M. C. Grubelich. 2019. Deflagration-to-detonation transition in nitrous oxide/oxygen-fuel mixtures for propulsion. J. Propuls. Power 35(5).doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/1.B37391.
- Wang, L., H. Ma, and Z. Shen. 2020. Explosion characteristics of H2/N2O and CH4/N2O diluted with N2. Fuel 260:116355. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116355.
- Wang, L., H. Ma, Z. Shen, and D. Chen. 2018. Experimental study of DDT in hydrogen-methane-air mixtures in a tube filled with square orifice plates. Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 116 (116):228–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2018.01.017.
- Wang, L., H. Ma, Z. Shen, and D. Chen. 2019. The influence of an orifice plate on the explosion characteristics of hydrogen-methane-air mixtures in a closed vessel. Fuel 256:115908. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115908.
- Zakirov, V., M. Sweeting, T. Lawrence, and J. Seller. 2001. Nitrous oxide as a rocket propellant. Acta Astronaut. 48 (5–12):353–62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-5765(01)00047-9.
- Zhang, B., G. Xiu, and C. Bai. 2014. Explosion characteristics of argon/nitrogen diluted natural gas–air mixtures. Fuel 124:125–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.01.090.
- Zheng, K., M. Yu, L. Zheng, X. Wen, T. Chu, and L. Wang. 2017. Effects of hydrogen addition on methane-air deflagration in obstructed chamber. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 80:270–80. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2016.08.025.