References
- Baines , W. D. and Hopfinger , E. J. ( 1984 ). Thermals with large density difference. Atm. Env. , 18 ( 6 ), 1051 – 1057 .
- Becker , H. A. and Yamazaki , S. ( 1978 ). Entrainment, momentum flux and temperature in vertical free turbulent diffusion flames. Comb, and Flame , 33 , 123 – 149 .
- Broadwell , J. E. and Breidenthal , R. E. ( 1982 ). A simple model of mixing and chemical reaction in a turbulent shear layer. J Fluid Mech. , 125 , 397 – 410 .
- Broadwell , J. E. ( 1987 ). Turbulent Reactive Flows: USA-France Workshop on Turbulent Reactive Flows , (eds.). R. Borghi and S. N. B. Murthy , Lecture Notes in Engineering 40 Springer-Verlag, New York , pp 257 – 277 .
- Crow , S. C. and Champagne , F. H. ( 1971 ). Orderly structure in jet turbulence. J. Fluid Mech , 48 , 547 – 591 .
- Dahm , W. J, A. and Dimotakis , P. E. ( 1987 ). Measurements of entrainment and mixing in turbulent jets. AIAA J. , 25 , 1216 – 1223 .
- Hawthorne , W. R. , Weddell , D. S. , and Hottel , H. C. ( 1948 ). Mixing and combustion in turbulent gas jets. Third Symposium on Combustion and Flame and Explosion Phenomena , The Williams and Wilkins Company, pp. 226 – 288 .
- Hottel , H. C. ( 1952 ). Burning in laminar and turbulent fuel jets. 4th Symposium (International) on Combustion , The Combustion Institute, pp 97 – 113 .
- Johari , H. ( 1990 ). Flame length measurements of the turbulent plume. Phys. Fluids A , 2 ( 7 ), 1073 – 1075 .
- Johari , H. ( 1992 ). Muting in thermals with and without buoyancy reversal. J Amos. Sci , 49 ( 16 ), 1412 – 1426 .
- Kovasznay , L. S. G. , Hajime , F. , and Lee , R. L. ( 1974 ). Unsteady turbulent puffs. Advances in Geophysics , 18 b, 253 – 263 .
- Lewis , G. S. , Cantwell , B. J. , Vandsburger , U. and Bowman , C. T. ( 1988 ). An investigation of the structure of a laminar non-premixed flame in an unsteady vortical flow. Twenty-Second (International) Symposium on Combustion , The Combustion Institute, pp 515 – 522 .
- Lovett , J. A. and turns , S. R. (1990). Experiments on axisymmetrically pulsed turbulent jet flames. AIAA J , 28 (1), 38–46.
- McCormack , P. D. ( 1971 ). Combustible vortex rings. , Proc. Roy. Irish Academy, 71 A, 73 – 83 .
- Oshima , K. , Kovasznay , L. S. G. , and Oshima , Y. ( 1977 ). Sund emission from burning puff. Lecture Notes in Physics , 76 Springer-Verlag, New York , pp. 219 – 230 .
- Sarohia , V. and Bernal , L. P. ( 1981 ). Entrainment and mixing in pulsatile jets. Third Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flow , pp. 11.30 – 11.35.
- Scorer , R. S. ( 1957 ). Experiments on convection of isolated masses of buoyant fluid. J Fluid Mech. , 2 , 583 – 594 .
- Strawa . A. W. and Cantwell , B. J. ( 1989 ). Investigation of an excited jet diffusion flame at elevated pressure.