NO Production and Destruction in a Methane/Air Diffusion Flame

REFERENCES

• Atkinson , R. , Baulch , D. L. , Cox , R. A. , Harapson , R.F. Jr., Kerr , J. A. and Troe , J. ( 1989 ). Evaluated Kinetic and Photochemical Data for Atmospheric Chemistry: Supplement III. Journal of Physical and Chemical Data , 18 , 881 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buttles , B. E. and Hanson , R. K. (1995). Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements of NO and OH Mole Fraction in Fuel-Lean, High-Pressure (l-10atm) Methane Flames: Fluorescence Modeling and Experimental Validation. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer , 54, 521.
   Google Scholar
• Bozzelli , J. W. and Dean , A. M. ( 1995 ). Chapter on “ Combustion Chemistry of Nitrogen ” in Combustion, Chemistry , Second edition, edited by W. C, Gardiner , Jr. , Springer-Verlag, New York .
   Google Scholar
• Carter , C. D. and Barlow , R. S. ( 1994 ). Simultaneous Measurements of NO, OH, and the Major Species in Turbulent Flames. Optics Letters , 19 , 299 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chang , A. Y. , DiRosa , M. D. and Hanson , R. K. ( 1992 ). Temperature Dependence of Collisional Broadening and Shift in the NO A-X(0,0) Band in the Presence of Argon and Nitrogen. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer , 47 , 375 .
   Google Scholar
• Davidson , D. F. and Hanson , R. K. ( 1990 ). High Temperature Reaction Rate Coefficients Derived From N-Atom ARAS Measurements and Excimer Photolysis of NO. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics , 22 , 843 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drake , M. C , Correa , S. M. , Pitz , R. W. , Shyy , W. and Fenimore , C. P. ( 1987 ). Superequilibrium and Thermal Nitric Oxide Formation in Turbulent Diffusion Flames. Combustion and Flame , 69 , 347 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drake , M. C. and Blint , R. J. ( 1989 ). Thermal NO, in Stretched Laminar Opposed-Flow Diffusion Flames with CO/H2/N2 Fuel. Combustion and Flame , 76 , 151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drake , M. C. and Blint , R. J. ( 1991 a). Relative Importance of Nitric Oxide Formation Mechanisms in Laminar Opposed-Flow Diffusion Flames. Combustion and Flame , 83 , 185 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drake , M. C. and Blint , R.J. ( 1991 b). Calculations of NOx Formation Pathways in Propagating Laminar, High Pressure Premixed CH4/Air Flames. Combustion Science and Technology , 75 , 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engleman , R. Jr. , Rouse , P. E. , Peek , H. M. and Baiamonte , V. D. ( 1970 ). Beta and Gamma Band Systems of Nitric Oxide. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Report LA-4364. ,
   Google Scholar
• Etzkorn , T. , Muris , S. , Wolfrum , J. , Dembny , C , Bockhorn , H. , Nelson , P. F. , Attia-Shahin , A. and Warnatz , J. ( 1992 ). Destruction and Formation of NO in Low Pressure Stoichiometric CH4O2 Flames. Twenty-Fourth Symposium (International) on Combustion , The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh , PA , p. 925 .
   Google Scholar
• Fenimore , C. P. ( 1976 ). Effects of Diluents and Mixing on Nitric Oxide from Fuel Nitrogen Species in Diffusion Flames. Sixteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion , The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh , PA , p. 1065 .
   Google Scholar
• Furlanetto , M. R. , Thoman , J. W. Jr. , Gray , J. A. , Paul , P. H. and Durant , J. L. Jr. ( 1994 ). Near Resonant Electronic Energy Transfer in the Electronic Quenching of NO A.E by Hydrocarbons and Ammonia. Journal of Chemical Physics , 101 , 10452
   Google Scholar
• Glarborg , P. , Lilleheie , N. I. , Byggst⊘oyl , Magnussen , B. F. , Kilpinen , P. and Hupa , M. ( 1992 ). A Reduced Mechanism for Nitrogen Chemistry in Methane Combustion. Twenty-Fourth Symposium (International) on Combustion , The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh , PA , p. 889 . GRI-MECH 2.11 ( 1995 ).
   Google Scholar
• Bowman , C.T. , Frenklach , M. , Gardiner , W. C. Jr . and Smith , G. P. sponsored by the Gas Research Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Hahn , W. A. and Wendt , J. O. L. ( 1981 ). NOx, Formation in Flat, Laminar Opposed Jet Methane Diffusion Flames. Eighteenth Symposium International) on Combustion , The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh , PA , p. 121 .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , D. A. and Miller , J. H. ( 1994 ). Measurement of Nitric Oxide in Probe-Extracted Combustion Gases Using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy. , Fall Technical Meeting of the Eastern States Section of the Combustion Institute ( Clearwater , FL ; December , 1994 ), p. 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Jaasma , D. and Borman , G. ( 1980 ). Peculiarities Associated with the Measurement of Oxides of Nitrogen Produced by Diffusion Flames. Combustion Science and Techtotogy , 23 , 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko , T. and Fontijn , A. ( 1991 ). High-Temperature Photochemistry Kinetics Study of the Reaction H + NO2 -OH + NO from 296 to 760 K. Journal of Physical Chemistry , 95 , 3984 .
   Google Scholar
• Uung , K. M. and Lindstedt , R. P. ( 1995 ). Detailed Kinetic Modeling of C1-C3 Alkane Diffusion Flames. Combustion and Flame , 102 , 129 .
   Google Scholar
• Lindstedt , R. P. , Lockwood , F. C. and Selim , M. A. ( 1995 ). A Review of Detailed Kinetics of NO Formation and Removal in C/N/H/O System. Thermofluids Report TF/95/3, Mechanicall Engineering Department , Imperial College,
   Google Scholar
• Michael , J. V. and Lim , K. P. (1992). Rate Constants for the N2O Reaction System: Thermal Decomposition of N20; N + NO → N2 + O; and Implications for O + N2 -? NO + N. Journal of Chemical Physics , 97, 3228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , J. A. and Bowman , C. T. ( 1989 ). Mechanism and Modeling of Nitrogen Chemistry in Combustion. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science , 15 , 287 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , J. A. and Melius , C. F. ( 1992 ). The Reactions of Imidogen with Nitric Oxide and Molecular Oxygen. Twenty-Fourth Symposium (International) on Combustion , The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh , PA , p. 719 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , J. H. , Mallard , W. G. and Smyth , K. C. ( 1986 ). Chemical Production Rates of Intermediate Hydrocarbons in a Methane/Air Diffusion Flame. Twenty-First Symposium (International) on Combustion , The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh , PA , p. 1057 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller . J. H. and Taylor , P. H. ( 1987 ). Methyl Radical Concentrations and Production Rates in a Laminar Methane/Air Diffusion Flame. Combustion Science and Technology , 52 , 139 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell , R. E. , Sarofim , A. F. and Yu , R. ( 1980 ). Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Cyanide Formation in Laminar Methane/Air Diffusion Flames. Combustion Science and Technology , 21 , 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishioka , M. , Nakagawa , S. , Ishikawa , Y. and Takeno , T. ( 1994 ), NO Emission Characteristics of Methane-Air Double Flame. Combustion and Flame , 98 , 127 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norton , T. S. and Smyth , K. C. ( 1991 ). Laser-Induced Fluorescence of CH in a Laminar CH4/Air Diffusion Flame: Implications for Diagnostic Measurements and Analysis of Chemical Rates , Combustion Science and Technology , 76 , 1 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norton , T. S , Smyth , K. C , Miller , J. H. and Smooke , M. D. ( 1993 ). Comparison of Experimental vs. Computed Species Concentration and Temperature Profiles in Laminar, Two-Dimensional Methane/Air Diffusion Flames. Combustion Science and Technology , 90 , 1 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Partridge , W. P. Jr. , Klassen , M. S. , Thomsen , D. D. and Laurendeau , N. M. ( 1995 ). Experimental Assessment of O2 Interferences on LIF Measurements of NO in Lean High-Pressure Premixed Flames Using Narrow-Band and Broad-Band Detection. Joint Technical Meeting of the Central and Western States (USA) Sections and the Mexican National Section of the Combustion Institute ( San Antonio , TX ; April , 1995 ), Paper 955–027, p. 139 .
   Google Scholar
• Paul , P. H. , Carter , C. D , Gray , J. A. , Durant , J. L. Jr., Thoman , J. W. and Furlanetto , M. R. ( 1994 ). Correlations for the NO A2E,+ Electronic Quenching Cross-Section . Sandia Report , SAND 94 - 8237 .
   Google Scholar
• Pearse , R. W. B. and Gaydon , A. G. ( 1976 ). The Identification of Molecular Spectra , Fourth Edition, Chapman and Hall, London .
   Google Scholar
• Rodgers , A. S. and Smith , G. P. ( 1995 ). Pressure and Temperature Dependence of CH, + N Joint Technical Meeting of the Central and Western States (USA) Sections and the Mexican National Section of the Combustion Institute ( San Antonio , TX ; April , 1995 ), Paper 95S-042, p. 212 .
   Google Scholar
• Sarofim , A. F. , Williams , G. C. Modell , M. and Slater , S. M. ( 1975 ). Conversion of Fuel Nitrogen to Nitric Oxide in Premixed and Diffusion Flames. AIChE Symposium Series , 71 , 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Savitzky , A. and Golay , M. J. E. ( 1964 ). Smoothing and Differentiation of Data by Simplified Least Squares Procedures. Analytical Chemistry , 36 , 1627 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sick , V. and Lindstedt , R. P. ( 1994 ). The Formation and Destruction of Nitric Oxide in Laminar Counterflow Diffusion Flames. Twenty-Fifth Symposium (International) on Combustion , Work-in-Progress Poster #4–75.
   Google Scholar
• Smyth , K. C , Miller , J. H. , Dorfman , R. C , Mallard , W. G. and Santoro , R. J. ( 1985 ). Soot Inception in a Methane/Air Diffusion Flame as Characterized by Detailed Species Profiles. Combustion and Flame , 62 , 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smyth , K. C. and Miller , J. H. ( 1987 ). Chemistry of Molecular Growth Processes in Flames. Science , 236 , 1540 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smyth . K. C. and Taylor , P. H. ( 1985 ). Detection of the Methyl Radical in a Methane/Air Diffusion Flame by Multiphoton Ionization Spectroscopy. Chemical Physics Letters , 122 , 518 .
   Google Scholar
• Smyth , K. C , Tjossem , P. J. H. , Hamins , A. and Miller , J. H. ( 1990 ). Concentration Measurements of OH- and Equilibrium Analysis in a Laminar Methane/Air Diffusion Flame. Combusion and Flame , 79 , 366 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smyth , K.C. and Tjossem , P. J. H. (1990). Relative H-Atom and O-Atom Concentration Measurements in a Laminar, Methane/Air Diffusion Flame. Twenly-Third Symposium (International) on Combustion , The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh , PA, p. 1829.
   Google Scholar
• Turns , S. R. ( 1995 ). Understanding NOx Formation in Nonpremixed Flames: Experiments and Modeling. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science , 21 , 361 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuteja , A. D. and Newhall . H. K. ( 1972 ). Nitric Oxide Formation in Laminar Diffusion Flames. Chapter in Emissions from Continuous Combustion Systems , W. Cornelius , ed., Plenum, p. 109 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , B. A. and Fleming , J. W. ( 1994 ). Comparative Species Concentrations in CH4/O2 /Ar Flames Doped with N2O, NO, and NO , Combustion and Flame , 98 , 93 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wysong , I. J. , Jeffries , J. B. and Crosley , D, R. ( 1989 ). Laser-Induced Fluorescence of O[3p3P], O2, and NO Near 226 nm: Photolytic Interferences and Simultaneous Excitation in Flames. Optics Letters , 14 , 767 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang , H. , Lissianski , V. , Okoroanyanwu , J. U. , Gardiner , W. C. Jr. and Shin , K. S. ( 1993 ). R eaction Between CH3 and NO at Combustion Temperatures . Journal of Physical Chemistry , 97 , 10042 .
   Google Scholar