Extension of the Lean Operating Limit for Natural Gas Fueling of a Spark Ignited Engine Using Hydrogen Blending

References

• Beck , N. J. ( 1990 ) “ Natural Gas-A Rational Approach to Clean Air .” SAE paper 902228 , Society of Automotive Engineers , Warrendale , PA .
   Google Scholar
• Bell , S. R. , Loper , G. A. and Gupta , M. ( 1993 ) “ Combustion Characteristics of a Natural Gas Fueled Spark Ignited Engine ,” ASME paper 93-1CE-I7 , American Society of Mechanical Engineers , New York .
   Google Scholar
• Calvert , J. G. , Heywood , J. B. , Sawyer , R. F. and Seinfeld , J. H. ( 1993 ) “ Achieving Acceptable Air Quality: Some Reflections on Controlling Vehicle Emissions ,” Science , 261 , pp. 37 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Energy Report “ First Interim Report of the Federal Fleet Conversion Task Force ,” United States Department of Energy report DOE/PO-0001 , pp. 11 – 14 ( 1993 ).
   Google Scholar
• Eccleston , D. B. and Fleming , R. D. ( 1972 ) “ Clean Automotive Fuel-Engine Emissions Using Natural Gas, Hydrogen-Enriched Natural Gas, and Gas Manufactured from Coal (Syn-thane) .” Bureau of Mines Automotive Exhaust Emissions Program , Technical Progress Report-48 .
   Google Scholar
• Eghbali , Bahram . ( 1984 ) “ Natural Gas a Vehicular Fuel ,” SAE paper 841159 , SAE Transactions, Society of Automotive Engineers , Warrendale , PA .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , R. L. , Goharian , F. and Hill , P. G. ( 1984 ) “ The Performance of a Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with Natural Gas and Gasoline ,” SAE paper 840234 , Society of Automotive Engineers , Warrendale , PA .
   Google Scholar
• Fleming , R. D. and Allsup , J. R. ( 1971 ) “ Emission Characteristics of Natural Gas as an Automotive Fuel ,” SAE paper 710833 , Society of Automotive Engineers , Warrendale , PA .
   Google Scholar
• Glassman , I. ( 1987 ) Combustion , Academic Press, Inc. , Orlando , Florida , pp. 329 – 330 .
   Google Scholar
• Goto , S. , Itoh , Y. , Higuchi , Y. and Nagai , T. ( 1990 ) “ NIIGATA Ultra Lean Burn SI Gas Engines-Achieving High Efficiency and Low NO x Emission ,” SAE paper 901608 , SAE Transactions Section 3. Society of Automotive Engineers , Warrendale , PA .
   Google Scholar
• Gupta , M. ( 1994 ) “ A Study of Lean Combustion In A Spark Ignited Engine Fueled By Natural Gas And Hydrogen Mixtures ,” Master of Science Thesis , The University of Alabama .
   Google Scholar
• Heywood , J. B. ( 1988 ) Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals , McGraw-Hill , New York .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , M. G. and Heaton , D. M. ( 1989 ) “ Nebula Combustion System for Lean Burn Spark Ignited Gas Engines ,” SAE paper 890211 , Society of Automotive Engineers , Warrendale , PA .
   Google Scholar
• Karim , G. A. and Wierzba , I. ( 1989 ) “ Experimental and Analytical Studies of the Lean Operational Limits in Methane Fueled Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition Engines ,” SAE paper 891637 , Society of Automotive Engineers , Warrendale , PA .
   Google Scholar
• Klimstra , Jacob . ( 1990 ) “ Performance of Lean-Burn Natural-Gas-Fueled-Engines-On Specific Fuel Consumption, Power Capacity and Emissions .” SAE paper 901495 , SAE Transactions Section 4. Society of Automotive Engineers , Warrendale , PA .
   Google Scholar
• Lancaster , David R. , Krieger , Roger B. and Lienesch , John H . ( 1975 ) “ Measurement and Analysis of Engine Pressure Data .” SAE paper 750026 , SAE Transaction, 84, Society of Automotive Engineers , Warrendale , PA .
   Google Scholar
• O'Connor , Lee . ( 1993 ) “ Clearing the Air With Natural Gas Engines ,” Mechanical Engineering , 115 /No.10, pp. 52 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sierens . Roger ( 1993 ) “ Comparative Tests on a S.I. Engine Fueled with Natural Gas or Hydrogen ,” ASME paper 93-ICE-15 , American Society of Mechanical Engineers , New York .
   Google Scholar
• Sperling , Daniel . ( 1988 ) New Transportation Fuels-A Strategic Approach to Technological Changes , University of California Press , Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London .
   Google Scholar
• Varde , K. S. ( 1981 ) “ Combustion Characteristics of Small Spark Ignition Engines Using Hydrogen Supplemented Fuel Mixtures ,” SAE paper 810921 , Society of Automotive Engineers , Warrcndale , PA ,
   Google Scholar
• Weaver , C. S. ( 1989 ) “ Natural Gas Vehieles-A Review of the State of the Art ,” Technical Report SR 89-04-01 , Sierra Research, Inc. , Sacramento , CA .
   Google Scholar