References
- Bedat , B. and Cheng , R. K. ( 1995 ) Experimental study of premixed flames in intense isotropic turbulence , Combustion and Flame , 100 ( 3 ), 485 – 494 .
- Bedat , B. and Cheng , R. K. ( 1996 ) Effects of buoyancy on premixed flame stabilization , Combustion and Flame , 107 ( 1 – 2 ), 13 – 26 .
- Beer , J. M. ( 1996 ) Low NOx burners for boilers, furnaces and gas turbines; drive towards the lower bounds of NOx emissions , Combustion Science and Technology , 121 ( 1 – 6 ), 169 – 191 .
- Beer , J. M. and Chigier , N. A. ( 1972 ) Combustion Aerodynamics , London , Applied Science Publishers Ltd.: 100 – 146 .
- Bowman , C. T. ( 1975 ) Kinetics of Pollutant Formation and Destruction in Combustion , Progress in Energy Combustion Science , 1 , 33 – 45 .
- Bowman , C. T. ( 1992 ) Control of combustion‐generated nitrogen oxide emissions: Technology driven by regulation, Twenty‐fourth Symposium (International) on Combustion , The Combustion Institute, pp. 1109 – 1117 .
- Chan , C. K. et al. ( 1992 ) Freely propagating open premixed turbulent flames stabilized by swirl, Twenty‐fourth Symposium (International) on Combustion , The Combustion Institute, pp. 519 – 525 .
- Cheng , R. K. ( 1995 ) Velocity and scalar characteristics of premixed turbulent flames stabilized by weak swirl , Combustion and Flame , 101 ( 1 – 2 ), 1 – 14 .
- Cheng , R. K. et al. ( 1989 ) A comparison of the velocity and scalar spectra in premixed turbulent flames , Combustion and Flame , 78( 2 ), 205 – 222 .
- Chigier , N. A. and Chervinsky , A. ( 1966 ) Aerodynamic study of turbulent burning free jets with swirl, Eleventh Symposium (International) on Combustion , The Combustion Institute, pp. 489 – 499 .
- Claypole , T. C. and Syred , N. ( 1980 ) Effect of swirl burner aerodynamics on NOx formation, Eighteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion , The Combustion Institute, pp. 81 – 89 .
- Halthore , R. N. and Gouldin , F. C. ( 1986 ) Laser scattering measurements for gas density in a swirling flow combustor , AIAA Journal , 24 ( 7 ), 1129 – 1136 .
- Heitor , M. V. et al. ( 1984 ) Influence of confinement on combustion instabilities of premixed flames stabilized an axisymmetric baffles , Combustion and Flame , 57 , 109 – 121 .
- Keller , J. O. et al. ( 1994 ) NOx and CO emissions from a pulse combustor operating in a lean premixed mode , Combustion and Flame , 99 ( 3 – 4 ), 460 – 466 .
- Lilley , D. G. ( 1977 ) Swirl flows in combustion : a review , AIAA Journal , 15 ( 8 ), 1063 – 1078 .
- Miller , J. A. and Bowman , C. T. ( 1989 ) Mechanism and modeling of nitrogen chemistry in combustion , Progress in Energy and Combustion Science , 15 ( 4 ), 287 – 338 .
- O'Young , F. and Bilger , R. W. ( 1996 ) Measurement of scalar dissipation in premixed flames , Combustion Science and Technology , 113 –114, 393 – 411 .
- et al. . ( 1997 ) A test device for premixed gas turbine oscillations , Transactions of the ASME: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power , 119 , 776 – 782 .
- Rule, 1111 ( 1983 ) NOx Emissions from Natural‐Gas‐Fired, Fan‐Type Central Furnaces, South Coast Air Quality Mangement District. ,
- Rule, 1121 ( 1995 ) Control of Nitrogen Oxides from Residential Type, Natural Gas‐Fired Water Heaters, South Coast Air Quality Management District. ,
- et al. . ( 1996 ) Effect of confinement on bluff‐body burner recirculation zone characteristics and flame stability , Combustion Science and Technology , 120 ( 1 – 6 ), 185 – 211 .
- Sivasegaram , S. and Whitelaw , J. H. ( 1987 ) Oscillations in confined disk‐stabilized flames. Combustion and Flame , 68 ( 2 ), 121 – 130 .
- Sivasegaram , S. and Whitelaw , J. H. ( 1991 ) The influence of swirl on oscillations in ducted premixed flames , Combustion and Flame , 85 ( 1 – 2 ), 195 – 205 .
- Syred , N. and Beers , J. M. ( 1974 ) Combustion in swirling flows: a review , Combustion and Flame , 23 , 143 – 201 .
- et al. . ( 1992 ) The formation of NOx in surface burners , Combustion and Flame , 89 ( 2 ), 157 – 166 .
- Yegian , D. T. and Cheng , R. K. ( 1996 ) Development of a vane‐swirler for use in a low NO, weak‐swirl burner , American Flame Research Committee International Symposium. ,
- ∗Corresponding author.