Short-Term Irrigation Level Effects on Residual Nitrate in Soil Profile and N Balance from Long-Term Manure and Fertilizer Applications in the Arid Areas of Northwest China

References

• Benbi , D. K. and Biswas , C. R. 1997 . Nitrogen balance and N recovery after 22 years of maize–wheat–cowpea cropping in a long-term experiment . Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems , 47 : 107 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benbi , D. K. , Biswas , C. R. and Kalkat , J. S. 1991 . Nitrate distribution and accumulation in an Ustochrept soil profile in a long-term fertilizer experiment . Fertilizer Research , 28 : 173 – 177 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briling , A. 1985 . Ground water pollution by fertilizer nitrates . Water Research , 12 : 356 – 362 .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , C. A. , Lafond , G. P. , Zentner , R. P. and Jame , Y. W. 1994 . Nitrate leaching in an Udic Haploboroll as influenced by fertilization and legumes . Journal of Environmental Quality , 23 : 195 – 201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalk , P. M. , Heng , L. K. and Moutonnet , P. Nitrogen fertilization and its environmental impact . Proceedings of the 12th International World Fertilizer Congress . Beijing, China. pp. 1 – 15 . Liaoning Scientific and Technological Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dinnes , D. L. , Karlen , D. L. , Jaynes , D. B. , Kaspar , T. C. , Hatfield , J. L. , Colvin , T. S. and Cambardella , C. A. 2002 . Nitrogen management strategies to reduce nitrate leaching in tile-drained Midwestern soils . Agronomy Journal , 94 : 153 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etreiby , F. E. I. and Laudelout , H. 1988 . Movement of nitrate through a loess soil . Journal of Hydrolology , 97 : 213 – 224 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis , G. S. and Haynes , R. J. 1991 . The leaching and chemical transformation of surface-applied urea under flood irrigation . Fertilizer Research , 28 : 139 – 146 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank , J. and Stevenson , F. J. 1982 . Nitrogen in agricultural soil , 51 – 58 . Madison, Wisc : ASA, CSSA, and SSSA .
   Google Scholar
• Ferguson , A. J. D. , Pearson , M. J. and Reynolds , C. S. 1996 . Eutrophication of natural water and toxic algal blooms . Issues of Environmental Science and Technology , 5 : 27 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Gollany , H. T. , Molina , J. E. , Clapp , C. E. , Allmaras , R. R. , Layese , M. F. , Baker , J. M. and Cheng , H. H. 2004 . Nitrogen leaching and denitrification in continuous corn as related to residue management and N fertilization . Environment Management , 33 ( S1 ) : 289 – 298 .
   Google Scholar
• Gustafson , A. 1987 . Nitrate leaching from arable land in Sweden under four cropping systems . Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research , 25 : 169 – 177 .
   Google Scholar
• Hahne , H. C. H. , Kroontje , W. and Lutz , J. A. Jr. 1977 . Nitrogen fertilization, I: Nitrate accumulation and losses under continuous corn cropping . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 41 : 62 – 567 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hao , X. , Chang , C. , Travis , G. R. and Zhang , F. 2003 . Soil carbon and N response to 25 annual cattle manure applications . Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science , 166 : 232 – 238 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harapiak , J. T. , Malhi , S. S. , Gill , K. S. and Flore , N. A. 2004 . Macronutrients in soil and bromegrass after long-term N applications . Journal of Range Management , 57 : 219 – 225 .
   Google Scholar
• Hergert , G. W. 1986 . Nitrate leaching through soil as affected by sprinkler irrigation management . Journal of Environmental Quality , 15 : 272 – 278 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , L. E. , Stivers , L. J. , Warden , B. T. and Tanji , K. K. 1994 . Crop N utilization and soil nitrate loss in a lettuce field . Fertilizer Research , 37 : 93 – 105 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jolley , V. D. and Pierre , W. H. 1977 . Profile accumulation of fertilizer derived nitrate and total nitrogen recovery in two long-term nitrogen rate experiments with corn . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 41 : 373 – 378 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ju , X.-T. , Xing , G.-X. , Chen , X.-P. , Zhang , S.-L. , Zhang , L.-J. , Liu , X.-J. , Cui , Z.-L. , Yin , B. , Christie , P. , Zhu , Z.-L. and Zhang , F.-S. 2009 . Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems . PNAS , 106 : 3041 – 3046 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ju , X.-T. and Zhang , F.-S. 2003 . Nitrate accumulation and its implication to environment in north China . Ecology and Environment , 12 ( 1 ) : 24 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Lagreid , M. , Bockman , O. C. and Kaarstad , O. 1999 . Agriculture, fertilizers, and the environment , Porsgrunn, , Norway : CABI Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Legg , J. O. and Meisinger , J. J. 1982 . “ Soil nitrogen budgets ” . In Nitrogen in agricultural soils , Edited by: Stevenson , F. J. 503 – 564 . Madison, Wisc : American Society of Agronomy .
   Google Scholar
• Lemke , R. L. , Izaurralde , R. C. , Nyborg , M. and Solberg , E. D. 1999 . Tillage and N-source influence soil-emitted nitrous oxide in the Alberta Parkland region . Canadian Journal of Soil Science , 79 : 15 – 4 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linville , K. W. and Smith , G. E. 1971 . Nitrate content of soil cores from corn plots after repeated nitrogen fertilization . Soil Science , 112 : 249 – 255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloveras , J. , Lopez , A. , Ferran , J. , Espachs , S. and Solsona , J. 2001 . Bread-making wheat and soil nitrate as affected by N fertilization in irrigated Mediterranean conditions . Agronomy Journal , 93 : 1183 – 1190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu , R. K. , Xie , J. C. , Cai , G. X. and Zhu , Q. 1998 . Soil–plant nutrients principles and fertilization , Beijing, , China : Chemical Industry Press .
   Google Scholar
• Malhi , S. S. , Harapiak , J. T. , Nyborg , M. and Flore , N. A. 2000 . Effects of long-term applications of various nitrogen sources on chemical soil properties and composition of bromegrass hay . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 23 : 903 – 912 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhi , S. S. , Harapiak , J. T. , Nyborg , M. , Gill , K. S. , Monreal , C. M. and Gregorich , E. G. 2003 . Light fraction organic N, ammonium, nitrate, and total N in a thin Black Chernozemic soil under bromegrass after 27 annual applications of different N rates . Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems , 65 : 201 – 210 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhi , S. S. , Mumey , G. , Harapiak , J. T. and Nyborg , M. 1997 . Economic analysis of N fertilization of smooth bromegrass for hay . Journal of Production Agriculture , 10 : 490 – 497 .
   Google Scholar
• Matson , P. A. , Naylor , R. and Ortiz , I. M. 1998 . Integration of environmental, agronomic, and economic aspects of fertilizer management . Science , 280 : 112 – 115 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyborg , M. and Hoyt , P. B. 1978 . Effects of soil acidity on mineralization of soil nitrogen . Canadian Journal of Soil Science , 58 : 331 – 338 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS Institute Inc . 1989 . SAS/STAT user's guide, version 6 , 4th , Cary, N.C : Statistical Institute Systems Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Spalding , R. F. and Exner , M. E. 1993 . Occurrence of nitrate in groundwater—A review . Journal of Environmental Quality , 22 : 392 – 402 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong , Y. A. , Emteryd , O. , Lu , D. Q. and Grip , H. 1997 . Effect of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on N uptake and nitrate leaching in a Eum-orthic anthrosols profile . Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems , 48 : 225 – 229 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , G. , Yang , L. , Chen , L. and Jumpei , K. 2003 . Impacts of land use changes on groundwater resources in the Heihe River Basin . Acta Geographica Sinica , 58 ( 1 ) : 53 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , S. M. , Li , F. M. , Malhi , S. S. , Wang , P. , Suo , D. R. and Wang , J. G. 2004 . Long-term fertilization effects on crop yield and nitrate-N accumulation in soil in northwest China . Agronomy Journal , 96 : 1039 – 1049 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye , Y. L. , Bao , X. G. and Song , J. 2004 . Effect of long-term fertilizer application on yield, nitrogen uptake, and soil NO3-N accumulation in wheat–maize intercropping . Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science , 10 ( 2 ) : 113 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• Yogesh , A. and Juo , A. S. R. 1982 . Leaching of fertilizer ions in a kaolinitic Ultisol in the high rain fall tropics: Leaching of nitrate in field plots under cropping and bare fallow . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 46 : 1212 – 1217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan , X. M. , Tong , Y. A. , Yang , X. , Li , X. and Zhang , F. S. 2000 . Effect of organic manure on soil nitrate accumulation . Soil Environment Science , 9 : 197 – 200 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , Q. , Chen , X. and Shen , S. M. 2002 . Advances in studies on accumulation and leaching of nitrate in farming soil . Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology , 2 : 233 – 238 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , W. L. , Tian , Z. X. , Zhang , N. and Li , X. O. 1996 . Nitrate pollution of groundwater in northern China . Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment , 59 : 223 – 231 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , J. B. , Xi , J. G. , Chen , Z. J. and Li , S. X. 2006 . Leaching and transformation of nitrogen fertilizers in soil after application of N with irrigation: A soil column method . Pedosphere , 16 ( 2 ) : 245 – 252 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu , J. G. 1995 . Nitrogen pollution and its prospective . Acta Pedologica Sinica , 32 : 62 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhu , Z. L. and Chen , D. L. 2002 . Nitrogen fertilizer use in China: Contributions to food production, impacts on the environment, and best management strategies . Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems , 63 : 117 – 127 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu , Y. and Fox , R. H. 2003 . Corn–soybean rotation effects on nitrate leaching . Agronomy Journal , 95 : 1028 – 1033 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar