Effect of effective microorganism and gypsum amendments on nutrient leaching, pH, electrical conductivity, and Okra growth parameters under coastal saline soil

References

• Abd, S. K. 2014. Effect of effective microorganisms on some biochemical parameters in broiler chicks. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences 28:1–4. http://www.vetmedmosul.org/ijvs/media.
   Google Scholar
• Allahverdi, S., N. M. Olegovna, D. Y. Viktorivich, and G. Gündüz. 2015. The Silent Heroes: Effective Microorganisms. Ormancılık Dergisi 10:24–28. http://ordergi.duzce.edu.tr/Dokumanla.
   Google Scholar
• Azhar, M., M. Iqbal, A. Khan, and M. Ashraf. 2001. Tillage Implements in Combination with Gypsum for the Reclamation of Saline-sodic Soils. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 4:1111–13. doi:10.3923/pjbs.2001.1111.1113.
   Google Scholar
• Bhargava, D. S., and S. B. Sheldarkar. 1993. Use of tnsac in phosphate adsorption studies and relationships – Literature, experimental methodology, justification and effects of process variables.. Water Resources Research 27:303–12. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(93)90091-U.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaganti, V. D., M. Crohn, and J. J. Simunek. 2015. Leaching and Reclamation of a Biochar and Compost Amended Saline-sodic Soil with Moderate SAR . Reclaimed Water 158:255–65. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2015.05.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, L., and W. A. Dick. 2011. Gypsum as an Agricultural Amendment: General Use Guidelines. Te Ohio State University. TDD No. 800-589-8292 (Ohio only) 614-292-1868.doi: https://fabe.osu.edu/sites/fabe/files/imce/files/Soybean/Gypsum%20Bulletin.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Chowdhury, A. R., M. M. Hossain, M. S. Mia, M. S. Karim, J. Haider, N. I. Bhuiyan, and K. H. Saifuddin. 1994. Effect of organic amendments and EM on crop production in Bangladesh. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference, J. F. Parr, and M. E. Simpson eds. 155–63. ed. S. B. H. Washington, DC: on Kyusei Nature Farming: U.S. Department of Agriculture.
   Google Scholar
• Daly, M. J., and D. P. C. Stewart. 1999. Influence of “Effective Microorganisms” (EM) on Vegetable Production and Carbon Mineralization–A Preliminary Investigation. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 14:15–25. doi:10.1300/J064v14n02_04.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donahue, S. 1999. Liming To Improve Soil Quality in Acid Soils. Soil Quality – Agronomy Technical Note,8:1–6.doi: https://www.usagypsum.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/AMI-tech-general.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Dontsova, K., Y. B. B. K. Lee, Slater, and J. M. Bigham. 2005. Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet ANR-20-05. Gypsum for Agricultural Use in Ohio—Sources and Quality of Available Products. http://ohioline.osu.edu/anr-fact/0020.html.
   Google Scholar
• Elshaikh., Z., D. S. Liu, and C. T. Luis. 2017. Increasing the okra salt threshold value with biochar amendments. journal of plant interactions 13 (1):51–63. doi:10.1080/17429145.2017.1418914.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, L., X. Zhou, Y. Li, L. Ji, G. Wu, B. Li, L. Cheng, M. Long, W. Deng, and L. Zou. 2016. The Influence of Effective Microorganisms on Microbes and Nutrients in Kiwifruit Planting Soil. Applied Sciences 6:168. doi:10.3390/app6060168.
   Google Scholar
• Gaskin, J., and M. Wilson. 2009. Nutrient Management. Athens, GA: University of Georgia. http://www.caes.uga.edu/departments/poultry/extension/poultrynutrition/nutrient-management.html.
   Google Scholar
• Higa, T., and G. N. Wididana. 1991a. Concept and theories of Effective Microorganisms. In Proceedings of the First International Conference ed. S. B. H. In J.F. Parr, and C.E. Whitman (eds.):118–24. on Kyusei Nature Farming: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Higa, T., and G. N. Wididana. 1991b. Changes in the soil micro flora induced by Effective Microorganisms. In Proceedings of the First International Conference ed. S. B. H. In J.F. Parr, and C.E. Whitman (eds.):153–62. on Kyusei Nature Farming: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Higa, T., and S. Kinjo.1991. Effect of lactic acid fermentation bacteria on plant growth and soil humus formation. In Proceedings of the First International Conference ed. S. B. H. In J.F. Parr, and C.E. Whitman (eds.):140–47. on Kyusei Nature Farming: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, C., and Y. Qi. 2013. Long-term effective microorganisms application promote growth and increase yields and nutrition of wheat in China. European Journal of Agronomy 46:63–67. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2012.12.003. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1161030112001566.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain, T., T. J. Javaid, F. Parr, G. Jilani, and M. Anwar-ul-Haq. 1999. Rice and wheat production in Pakistan with Effective Microorganisms. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 14:30–36. doi:10.1017/S0889189300007980. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44503082.
   Google Scholar
• Ibrahim, M., M. A. Avais, N. Ahmad, and A. Khair. 1993. Effect of Effective Microorganisms on wheat yield. In Proceedings of the First National Seminar on Nature Farming, University of Agriculture: Faisalabad, Pakistan: 50–53.
   Google Scholar
• Javaid, D. A. 2006. Foliar application of effective microorganisms on pea as an alternative fertilizer. HAL 26:257–62. doi:10.1051/agro:2006024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javaid, D. A., and R. Bajwa. 2011. Field evaluation of effective microorganisms (EM) application for growth, nodulation, and nutrition of mungbean. urk Journal Agricultural 35:443–52. doi:10.3906/tar-1001-599.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaneko, S., M. Inagaki, and T. Morishita. 2010. A simple method for the determination of nitrate in potassium chloride extracts from forest soils. Proceedings of the 19th World Congress of Soil Science: Soil solutions for a changing world, Brisbane, Australia: 1-6 August 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Kleiber, T., . J., R. G. Starzyk, K., . M. Sobieralski, A. Siwulski, A. Rempulska, and Sobiak. 2014. The studies on applying of effective microorganisms (EM) and CRF on nutrient contents in leaves and yielding of tomato. Acta Sciences Pol., Hortorum Cultus 79–90. www.botanic-culture.com/wp-content/uploads/EM_-tomat-Acta-2014.pdf
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korcak, R. F. 1993. High-gypsum Byproducts as Soil Amendments for Horticultural Crops. HortTechnology 2. http://horttech.ashspublications.org/content/3/2/156.2.short.
   Google Scholar
• Laird, D., P. Fleming, B. Wang, R. Horton, and D. Karlen. 2010. Biocharimpact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma 158:436–42. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, G., X. Zhang, W. Xiuping, H. Shao, Y. Jingsong, and W. Xiangping. 2017. Soil enzymes as indicators of saline soil fertility under various soil amendments. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 237:274–79. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.004. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880917300051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, X.-H., J. Zhao, Z. P.Liu, Z. Rengel, L. Liu, H.-B. Shao, and Y. Tao. 2014. Applying geostatistics to determine the soil quality improvement by Jerusalem artichoke in coastal saline zone. Ecological Engineering 70:319–26. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.06.024. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857414002778.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López, A. J. G., J. L. Farias, J. O. Molina, S. A. Espinosa, M. Flores, R. Bello, and M. R. González. 2007. Salt Leaching Process in an Alkaline Soil Treated with Elemental Sulphur under Dry Tropic Conditions. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3 (3):356–62. http://www.idosi.org/wjas/wjas3(3)/15.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Lurling, M., Y. Tolman, and M. Euwe. 2009. Mitigating cyanobacterial blooms: How effective are ‘effective microorganisms? Lakes & Reservoirs. Research & Management 14:353–63. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1770.2009.00416.x.
   Google Scholar
• Mace, J. E., and C. Amrhein. 2001. Leaching and reclamation of a soil irrigated with moderated sar waters. Soil Science Society of America Journal J65:199–204. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2001.651199x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myint, C. C. 1994. Effect of organic amendments and EM on rice production in Myanmar. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference ed. S. B. H. In J.F. Parr, and M.E. Simpson (eds.):82–91. Kyusei Nature Farming: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Namsivayam, S. K. R., G. Narendrakumar, and J. A. Kumar. 2011. Evaluation of Effective Microorganism (EM) for treatment of domestic sewage. Journal of Experimental Sciences 2:30–32. http://updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/jes/article/view/1860.
   Google Scholar
• Ozacar, M. 2003. Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution onto alunite. Chemosphere,51 321–27. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00847-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parr, J. F., S. B. Hornick, and D. D. Kaufman. 1994.Use of microbial inoculants and organic fertilizers in agricultural production,. Extension Bulletin No. 394. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center (FFTC), Taipei, Taiwan.16.
   Google Scholar
• Sangakkara, R. U., . B. A., M. Marambe, U. Attanayake, and E. R. Piyadasa. 1995.Nutrient Use Efficiency of Selected Crops Grown with Effective Microorganisms in Organic Systems. In In: Proc. 4th Int. Conf:111–17. Kysei Nature Farming held in Paris, France, June 19- 21.
   Google Scholar
• Sankar, B., C. A. Jaleel, P. Manivannan, A. Kishorekumar, R. Somasundaram, and R. Panneerselvam. 2008. Relative efficacy of water use in five varieties of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.). under water limited conditions. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 62:125–29. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.09.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigstad, E. E., F. I. Schabes, and F. Tejerina. 2013. A calorimetric analysis of soil treated with effective microorganisms. Thermochimica Acta 569:139–43. doi:10.1016/j.tca.2013.07.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumner, M. E., and W. Miller. 1996. Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficients. Methods of soil analysis. Chemical Methods-SSSA. Book Series no. 5.Part 3:517–50.
   Google Scholar
• Sun, H., L. Haiying, L. Chu, H. Shao, and W. Shi. 2016. Biochar applied with appropriate rates can reduce N leaching, keep N retention and not increase NH3 volatilization in a coastal saline soil. Science of The Total Environment 575:820–25. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talaat, N. B. 2015. Effective microorganisms modify protein and polyamine pools in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). plants grown under saline conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 190:1–10. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2015.04.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillman, B. L. C. L., G. Mackowiak, Person, and M. W. Gomillion. 2010. Variation in response to calcium fertilization among four runner-type peanut cultivars. Agronomy Journal 102:469–74. doi:10.2134/agronj2009.0306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, R. T., Z. H. Lu, and J. K. Sun. 2012. Effect of soil ameliorants on coastal saline–Alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta. J. Soil. Water. Conserv,26 (4):239–44. doi:10.5846/stxb201508031633.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, N., G. Tan, H. Wang, and X. Gai. 2016. Effect of biochar additions to soil on nitrogen leaching, microbial biomass and bacterial community structure. European Journal of Soil Biology 74:1–8. doi:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2016.02.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao, Y., B. Gao, M. Zhang, M. Inyang, and A. Zimmerman. 2012. Effect of biochar amendment on sorption and leaching of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate in a sandy soil. Chemosphere 89:1467–71. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunlong, C., ., and B. .Smit. 1994. Sustainability in agriculture: A general review. Agric. Ecosystem. Environ 49:299–307. doi:10.1016/0167-8809(94)90059-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar