Nutrient availability and saffron corms growth affected by composted pistachio residues and commercial poultry manure in a calcareous soil

References

• Agricultural statistics. 2017. Iran’s Minister of Agriculture. Islamic Republic of Iran: Department of Planning and Economy. http://www.maj.ir/.
   Google Scholar
• Alavizade, S. A. M., M. R. Mirlotfi, and N. Naimabadi. 2016. The effects of saffron economic stability of rural residents in the Darbeghazi District City of Nishabur. Saffron Agronomy & Technology 4:133–42. doi:10.22048/jsat.2016.17363.
   Google Scholar
• AOAC. 2000. Official methods of analysis. 17th ed. Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
   Google Scholar
• Behnia, M. R., A. Estilai, and B. Ehdaie. 1999. Application of fertilizers for increased saffron yield. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 182:9–15. doi:10.1046/j.1439-037x.1999.00274.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhagyalakshmi, N. 1999. Factors influencing direct shoot regeneration from ovary explants of saffron. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 58:205–11. doi:10.1023/A:1006398205936.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswas, D. R., and G. Narayanasamy. 2006. Rock phosphate enriched compost: An approach to improve low-grade Indian rock phosphate. Bioresource Technology 97:2243–51. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çelik, İ., and G. N. Demirer. 2015. Biogas production from pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) processing waste. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 4:767–72. doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2015.10.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamkhi, I., Y. Abbas, K. Tarmoun, J. Aurag, and L. Sbabou. 2018. Morphological and molecular characterization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities inhabiting the roots and the soil of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under different agricultural management practices. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. doi:10.1080/03650340.2018.1548012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daneshmandi, M. S. 2017. Application of pistachio waste as organic manure in sustainable agriculture. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 27:217–26.
   Google Scholar
• Dehghani Shuraki, Y., and M. Sedgley. 1994. Effect of pistil age and pollen parent on pollen tube growth and fruit production of pistachio. Journal of Horticultural Science 69:1019–27. doi:10.1080/00221589.1994.11516540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, M. H., B. M. Smallfield, A. R. Wallace, and J. A. McGimpsey. 2014. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.): The effect of mother corm size on progeny multiplication, flower and stigma production. Scientia Horticulturae 166:50–58. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2013.12.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erdal, I., K. Kepenek, and I. Kizilgöz. 2006. Effect of elemental sulphur and sulphur containing waste on the iron nutrition of strawberry plants grown in a calcareous soil. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 23:263–72. doi:10.1080/01448765.2006.9755328.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fekri, M., L. Gharanjig, and A. Soliemanzadeh. 2016. Effects of salinity and pistachio waste application on growth and physiological responses of pistachio seedlings. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 47:112–20. doi:10.1080/00103624.2015.1103253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galliou, F., N. Markakis, M. S. Fountoulakis, N. Nikolaidis, and T. Manio. 2018. Production of organic fertilizer from olive mill wastewater by combining solar greenhouse drying and composting. Waste Management 75:305–11. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.01.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, M. L. 1958. Soil Chemical Analysis. Engle Woodcliffs. N.J. USA: Prentice Hall Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Jannoura, R., R. G. Joergensen, and C. Bruns. 2014. Organic fertilizer effects on growth, crop yield, and soil microbial biomass indices in sole and intercropped peas and oats under organic farming conditions. European Journal of Agronomy 52:259–70. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2013.09.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keshavarz Afshar, R., A. Alipour, M. Hashemi, M. Ansari Jovini, and D. Pimentel. 2013. Energy inputs-yield relationship and sensitivity analysis of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) production in Markazi region of Iran. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 11:661–69. doi:10.5424/sjar/2013113-3877.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khodabakhshian, R., M. Bayati, M. Shakeri, and M. Khojastepour. 2010. Design and manufacture of a pistachio peeling machine. World Applied Sciences Journal 11:930–37.
   Google Scholar
• Komnitsas, K. A., and M. K. Doula. 2017. Guidelines towards sustainable agriculture in small Mediterranean Islands. European Journal of Sustainable Development 6:185–94. doi:10.14207/ejsd.2017.v6n4p185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koocheki, A., and S. M. Seyyedi. 2015. Relationship between nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) as affected by mother corm size and fertilization. Industrial Crops and Products 71:128–37. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.03.085.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koocheki, A., S. M. Seyyedi, and M. Jamshid Eyni. 2014. Irrigation levels and dense planting affect flower yield and phosphorus concentration of saffron corms under semi-arid region of Mashhad, Northeast Iran. Scientia Horticulturae 180:147–55. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.10.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, R., Y. Kang, C. Zhang, L. Pei, S. Wan, S. Jiang, S. Liu, Z. Ren, and Y. Yang. 2014. Chemical fertilizer pollution control using drip fertigation for conservation of water quality in Danjiangkou Reservoir. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 98:295–307. doi:10.1007/s10705-014-9612-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammady Aria, M., A. Lakzian, G. H. Haghnia, A. R. Berenji, H. Besharati, and A. Fotovat. 2010. Effect of Thiobacillus, sulfur, and vermicompost on thewater-soluble phosphorus of hard rock phosphate. Bioresource Technology 101:551–54. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon, P. 1997. Basic on-farm composting manual. The Clean Washington Center, a division of the Department of Community, Trade and Economic Development Report No. CM-97-3.
   Google Scholar
• Motaghian, H. R., and A. R. Hosseinpur. 2017. The effects of cow manure and vermicompost on availability and desorption characteristics of zinc in a loamy calcareous soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 48:2126–36. doi:10.1080/00103624.2017.1407430.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, J., and J. P. Riley. 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta 27:31–36. doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88444-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naghizadeh, M., M. Gholami Shabestari, and M. Shamsaddin Saied. 2014. The study of some physiological responses of three Iranian saffron (Crocus sativus L.) landraces to salinity stress. Saffron Agronomy & Technology 2:127–36. doi:10.22048/jsat.2014.7270.
   Google Scholar
• Nehvi, F. A., A. A. Lone, M. A. Khan, and M. I. Maqhdoomi. 2010. Comparative study on effect of nutrient management on growth and yield of saffron under temperate conditions of Kashmir. Acta Horticulturae 850:165–70. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.850.26.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, D. W., and L. M. Sommers. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In Methods of soil analysis, part 2, Monogram, ed. A. L. Page, Vol. 9, 2nd ed., 539–77. Madison: ASA and SSSA.
   Google Scholar
• Olsen, S. R. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. Washington: United States Department of Agriculture, Vancouver.
   Google Scholar
• Ozturk, L., S. Eker, B. Torun, and I. Cakmak. 2005. Variation in phosphorus efficiency among 73 bread and durum wheat genotypes grown in a phosphorus-deficient calcareous soil. Plant and Soil 269:69–80. doi:10.1007/s11104-004-0469-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pascual, J. A., C. García, and T. Hernandez. 1999. Comparison of fresh and composted organic waste in their efficacy for the improvement of arid soil quality. Bioresource Technology 68:255–64. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00160-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renau-Morata, B., L. Moyá, S. G. Nebauer, J. M. Seguí-Simarro, V. Parra-Vega, M. D. Gómez, and R. V. Molina. 2013. The use of corms produced under storage at low temperatures as a source of explants for the in vitro propagation of saffron reduces contamination levels and increases multiplication rates. Industrial Crops and Products 46:97–104. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.01.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renau-Morata, B., S. G. Nebauer, M. Sánchez, and R. V. Molina. 2012. Effect of corm size, water stress and cultivation conditions on photosynthesis and biomass partitioning during the vegetative growth of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Industrial Crops and Products 39:40–46. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.02.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocco, C., B. Seshadri, P. Adamo, N. S. Bolan, K. Mbene, and R. Naidu. 2018. Impact of waste-derived organic and inorganic amendments on the mobility and bioavailability of arsenic and cadmium in alkaline and acid soils. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25:25896–905. doi:10.1007/s11356-018-2655-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadegh Kasmaei, L., and M. Fekri. 2012. Effect of organic matter on the release behavior and extractability of copper and cadmium in soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 43:2209–17. doi:10.1080/00103624.2012.701683.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sameni, A. M., and A. Kasraian. 2004. Effect of agricultural sulfur on characteristics of different calcareous soils from dry regions of Iran. I. Disintegration rate of agricultural sulfur and its effects on chemical properties of the soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 35:1219–34. doi:10.1081/CSS-120037541.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS. 2011. SAS for windows version 9.3. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Seyyedi, S. M., E. Ebrahimian, and E. Rezaei-Chiyaneh. 2018. Saffron daughter corms formation, nitrogen and phosphorous uptake in response to low planting density, sampling rounds, vermicompost and mineral fertilizers. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 49:585–603. doi:10.1080/00103624.2018.1432634.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seyyedi, S. M., P. Rezvani Moghaddam, M. Khajeh-Hosseini, and H. Shahandeh. 2015. Influence of phosphorus and soil amendments on black seed (Nigella sativa L.) oil yield and nutrient uptake. Industrial Crops and Products 77:167–74. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.08.065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seyyedi, S. M., P. Rezvani Moghaddam, M. Khajeh-Hossieni, and H. Shahandeh. 2017. Improving of seed quality of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) by increasing seed phosphorus content in a calcareous soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition 40:197–206. doi:10.1080/01904167.2016.1236945.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaviv, A., and R. L. Mikkelsen. 1993. Controlled-release fertilizers to increase efficiency of nutrient use and minimize environmental degradation - A review. Fertilizer Research 35:1–12. doi:10.1007/BF00750215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taghizadeh-Alisaraei, A., H. Alizadeh Assar, B. Ghobadian, and A. Motevali. 2017. Potential of biofuel production from pistachio waste in Iran. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 72:510–22. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaknin, Y., S. Gan‐Mor, A. Bechar, B. Ronen, D. Eisikowitch, and J. Grunewaldt. 2002. Effects of supplementary pollination on cropping success and fruit quality in pistachio. Plant Breeding 121:451–55. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.724293.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, Z., S. Chen, J. Li, A. Alva, and Q. Chen. 2016. Manure and nitrogen application enhances soil phosphorus mobility in calcareous soil in greenhouses. Journal of Environmental Management 181:26–35. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.081.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanni, S. F., A. Diochon, B. L. Helgason, B. H. Ellert, and E. G. Gregorich. 2018. Temperature response of plant residue and soil organic matter decomposition in soil from different depths. European Journal of Soil Science 69:325–35. doi:10.1111/ejss.12508.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarami, N., and A. R. Sepaskhah. 2015. Saffron response to irrigation water salinity, cow manure and planting method. Agricultural Water Management 150:57–66. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2014.12.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yazdanpanah, N., E. Pazira, A. Neshat, H. Naghavi, A. A. Moezi, and M. Mahmoodabadi. 2011. Effect of some amendments on leachate properties of a calcareous saline-sodic soil. International Agrophysics 25:307–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar