The Antikythera mechanism and the mechanical universe

References

• S.J.B. Barnish, Cassiodorus Variae, Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• D. de Solla Price, Gears from the Greeks. The Antikythera mechanism – A calendar computer from ca. 80 BC, Trans Am. Philos. Soc. New Series, 64, Part 7 (1974) – Reprinted as Science History Publications, NY, 1975.
   Google Scholar
• J. Marchant, Decoding the Heavens, Heinemann, London, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• M. Tsipopoulou, M. Antoniou, and S. Massouridi, The 1900–1901 investigations, in The Antikythera Shipwreck, N. Kaltsas, E. Vlachogianni, and P. Bouyia, eds., Kapon Editions, Athens, 2012, pp. 18–31.
   Google Scholar
• A. Jones, forthcoming 2014.
   Google Scholar
• P. Tselekas, The coins, in The Antikythera Shipwreck, N. Kaltsas, E. Vlachogianni, and P. Bouyia, eds., Kapon Editions, Athens, 2012, pp. 216–226.
   Google Scholar
• A. Wilson, Personal communication, 2013. The data reported for sample P-846 in Radiocarbon 8, p. 355, 1966 was recalibrated with OxCal 4.1.5. Available at http://c14.arch.ox.ac.uk/embed.php?File=oxcal.html.
   Google Scholar
• T. Freeth, Y. Bitsakis, X. Moussas, J.H. Seiradakis, A. Tselikas, H. Mangou, M. Zafeiropoulou, R. Hadland, D. Bate, A. Ramsey, M. Allen, A. Crawley, P. Hockley, T. Malzbender, D. Gelb, W. Ambrisco, and M.G. Edmunds, Decoding the ancient Greek astronomical calculator known as the Antikythera mechanism, Nature 444 (2006), pp. 587–591.10.1038/nature05357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. de Solla Price, An ancient Greek computer, Scientific American 200 (1959), pp. 60–67.10.1038/scientificamerican0659-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.T. Wright, The Antikythera mechanism reconsidered, Interdisciplinary Sci. Rev. 32 (2007), pp. 27–43 and bibliography of Wright’s papers therein.10.1179/030801807X163670
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AMRP – Antikythera Mechanism Research Project, Functions and models of the Antikythera mechanism, in N. Kaltsas, E. Vlachogianni, and P. Bouyia, eds., AMRP, 2012, pp. 256–272. Available at http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/bibliography.
   Google Scholar
• T. Freeth, A. Jones, J.M. Steele, and Y. Bitsakis, Calendars with Olympiad display and eclipse prediction on the Antikythera mechanism, Nature 454 (2008), pp. 614–617.10.1038/nature07130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Zapheiropoulou, Old and new fragments of the Antikythera mechanism and inscriptions, in The Antikythera Shipwreck, the Ship, the Treasures, the Mechanism, N. Kaltsas, E. Vlachogianni, and P. Bouyia, eds., Exhibition catalogue, Athens, 2012, pp. 241–248.
   Google Scholar
• A. Jones, The Antikythera mechanism and the public face of Greek science, Proceedings of Science, PoS (Antikythera and SKA) 038, 2012. Available at http://pos.sissa.it/archive/conferences/170/038/Antikythera%20&%20SKA_038.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• T. Tassios, Prerequisites for the Antikythera mechanism to be produced in the 2nd Century BC, in The Antikythera Shipwreck, N. Kaltsas, E. Vlachogianni, and P. Bouyia, eds., Kapon Editions, Athens, 2012, pp. 249–255.
   Google Scholar
• P. Keyser, Context and evolution of the Antikythera device, Paper given at The Antikythera Mechanism: Science and Innovation in the Ancient World, Lorentz Centre, Leiden, July, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• M.G. Edmunds and T. Freeth, Using computation to decode the first known computer, Computer 44 (2011), pp. 32–39.10.1109/MC.2011.134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.T. Wright, The Antikythera mechanism and the early history of the moon-phase display, Antiquarian Horol. 29 (2006), pp. 319–329.
   Google Scholar
• G. Aujac (ed. and trans.), Géminos, Introduction aux phénomènes, Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 1975.
   Google Scholar
• J. Evans and J.L. Berggren, Geminos’s, Introduction to the Phenomena, A Translation and Study, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• M. Anastasiou, J.H. Seiradakis, J. Evans, S. Drougou, and K. Efstathiou, The astronomical events of the parapegma of the Antikythera mechanism, J. Hist. Astron. 44 (2013), pp. 173–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Hannah, Greek and roman calendars, Duckworth, London, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• R. Hannah, Time in Antiquity, Routledge, Abingdon, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• A. Jones and T. Freeth, The cosmos in the Antikythera mechanism, ISWA Papers 4, 2012. Available at http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-papers/4/.
   Google Scholar
• S. Westfall, Never at Rest: A biography of Isaac Newton, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1980.
   Google Scholar
• M. Edmunds and P. Morgan, The Antikythera mechanism: Still a mystery of Greek astronomy?, Astronomy & Geophysics 41 (2000), pp. 6.10–6.17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Freeth, The Antikythera mechanism: Is it Posidonius’ orrery?, Mediterranean Archaeol. Archaeometry 2 (2002), pp. 45–58.
   Google Scholar
• M.T. Wright, A planetarium display for the Antikythera mechanism, Horol. J. 144 (2002), pp. 169–173, 193.
   Google Scholar
• M.T. Wright, The Antikythera mechanism: A new gearing scheme, Bull. Sci. Instrum. Soc. 85 (2005), pp. 2–7.
   Google Scholar
• J. Evans, C.C. Carman, and A.S. Thorndyke, Solar anomaly and planetary displays in the Antikythera mechanism, J. Hist. Astron. 41 (2010), pp. 1–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.C. Carman, A. Thorndyke, and J. Evans, On the pin-and-slot device of the Antikythera mechanism, with a new application to the superior planets, J. Hist. Astron. 43 (2012), pp. 1–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.-S. Yan and J.-L Lin, Reconstruction synthesis of the lost subsystem for the planetary motions of the Antikythera mechanism, J. Mech. Des. 134 (2012), pp. 011003-1–011003-13.
   Google Scholar
• M.T. Wright, The Antikythera mechanism: Compound gear trains for planetary indications, Almagest IV, Issue 2 (2013), pp. 5–31.
   Google Scholar
• K. Efstathiou, A. Basiakoulis, M. Efstathiou, M. Anastasiou, and J.H. Seiradakis, Determination of the gears geometrical parameters necessary for the construction of an operational model of the Antikythera Mechanism, Mech. Mach. Theory 52 (2012), pp. 219–231.10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2012.01.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.G. Edmunds, An initial assessment of the accuracy of the gear trains in the Antikythera mechanism, J. Hist. Astron. 42 (2011), pp. 307–320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.L.S. Sørensen, Trundholm, in The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, B.M. Fagan, ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1996, p. 725.
   Google Scholar
• P. Gelling and H.E. Davidson, The Chariot of the Sun and Other Rights and Symbols of the Northern Bronze Age, Littlehampton Book Services Ltd, Worthing, 1969.
   Google Scholar
• M. Bruce-Mitford (ed.), Signs and Symbols: An Illustrated Guide to Their Origins and Meanings, Dorling Kindersley, London, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• J.H. Seiradakis, Paper given at The Antikythera Mechanism: Science and Innovation in the Ancient World, Lorentz Centre, Leiden, July, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• K. Randsborg, Spirals! Calendars in the Bronze Age in Denmark, Andoranten, Scandinavian Society for Prehistoric Art, 2009. Available at http://www.rockartscandinavia.com/images/articles/randsborga9.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• A. Rees, Planetary machines in The Cyclopaedia or Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Literature, Vol. XXVII, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown (eds.), London, 1819 ( Rees writes “Archimedes … there can be no doubt that but that wheels and pinions [i.e. gears] were introduced to his sphere to produce the respective motions”.)
   Google Scholar
• P.G. Walsh trans. Cicreo: The Nature of the Gods, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• D. Kidd (ed.), Aratus: Phaenomena, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• D. de Solla Price, Automata and the origins of mechanism and mechanistic philosophy, Technol. Culture 5 (1964), pp. 9–23.10.2307/3101119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Kalfas (ed.), Plato, Timaeus, Polis, Athens, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• J. Evans and C.C. Carman, Mechanical astronomy: A route to the ancient discovery of epicycles and eccentrics, in From Alexandria, Through Baghdad: Surveys and Studies in the Ancient Greek and Medieval Islamic Mathematical Sciences in Honour of J.L. Berggren, N. Sidoli and G. Van Brummelen, eds., Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 145–174.
   Google Scholar
• S. Sambursky, The Physical World of Late Antiquity, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1962, p. xi.
   Google Scholar
• S. Berryman, The Mechanical Hypothesis in Ancient Greek Natural Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 2009.10.1017/CBO9780511605284
   Google Scholar
• M.T. May, Galen on the Usefulness of the Parts of the Body, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 1968.
   Google Scholar
• J.V. Field and M.T. Wright, Gears from the byzantines: A portable sundial with calendrical gearing, Ann. Sci. 42 (1985), pp. 87–138.10.1080/00033798500200131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.T. Wright, Rational and irrational reconstruction: The London sundial-calendar and the early history of geared mechanisms, Hist. Technol. 12 (1990), pp. 65–102.
   Google Scholar
• D. de Solla Price, On the Origin of Clockwork, Perpetual Motion Devices and the Compass, United States National Museum Bulletin 218, Washington, DC, 1959, pp. 81–112.
   Google Scholar
• D.R. Hill, Al-Bīrūnī's mechanical calendar, Ann. Sci. 42 (1985), pp. 139–163.10.1080/00033798500200141
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.C. King, Geared to the Stars. The Evolution of Planetariums, Orreries and Astronomical Clocks, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Museum for the History of Science, Oxford. Details of Abi Bakr astrolabe. Available at http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/astrolabe/catalogue/browseReport/Astrolabe_ID=165.html.
   Google Scholar
• J.D. North, Opus quarundam rotarum mirabilium [A device of certain remarkable wheels, trans.], Physis 8 (1966), pp. 337–372. ( reprinted in J.D. North, Stars, Minds and Fate, Hambledon Press, 1989, pp. 135–169).
   Google Scholar
• J. Beckmann, A History of Inventions, 4th ed., Bohn, London, 1846.
   Google Scholar
• A. Lehr, De Geschiedenis van het Astronomisch Kunstuurwerk [The History of the Astronomical Clock, trans.], Martinus Nijhoff, Den Haag, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• J. Needham, W. Ling, and D.J. de Solla Price, Heavenly Clockwork: The Great Astronomical Clocks of Medieval China, 2nd ed., ( includes J.H. Combridge’s important supplement), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• D.S. Landes, Revolution in Time: Clocks and the Making of the Modern World, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1983.
   Google Scholar
• A.A. Mills, Newton's Water Clocks and the Fluid Mechanics of Clepsydrae, Notes Records Royal Soc. 37 (1982), pp. 35–61.10.1098/rsnr.1982.0004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.D. North, Tractatus Horologii Astronomici [Essay on Astronomical Clocks, trans.], in the three volumes (I, pp. 441–526, II pp. 309–370, III pp. 61–74) of “ Richard of Wallingford”, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1976. ( Some of the material and illustrations are also available in “God’s Clockmaker: Richard of Wallingford and the Invention of Time” by J.D. North, Continuum, London, 2005.)
   Google Scholar
• G.H. Baillie, H.A. Lloyd, and F.A.B. Ward, The Planetarium of Giovanni de Dondi, Antiquarian Horological Society, Monograph No. 9, London, 1974.
   Google Scholar
• A.J. Turner, The tragicall history of Giovanni De’ Donde, Essay Review, J. Hist. Astron. 6 (1975), pp. 126–131.
   Google Scholar
• E. Poulle, Giovanni Dondi dall’Orologio: Tractatus Astrarii [Giovanni Dondi as Clockmaker: A discussion of the Astrarium, trans.], Travaux d’Humanisme et Renaissance, No. CCCLXXI. Édition critique at traduction de la version A, Geneva, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• S.A. Bedini and F.R. Maddison, Mechanical universe: The astrarium of Giovani de Dondi, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., 56m (1966), pp. 3–67.
   Google Scholar
• D.L. Simms, Archimedes and the invention of artillery and gunpowder, Technol. Culture 28 (1987), pp. 67–69.10.2307/3105477
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.H. Shank, Regiomontanus and homocentric astronomy, J. Hist. Astron. 29 (1998), pp. 157–166.
   Google Scholar
• N.M. Swerdlow, Regiomontanus on the critical problems of astronomy, in Nature, Experiment and the Sciences, T.H. Levere and W.R. Shea, eds., Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1990, p. 174.
   Google Scholar
• F. Zinner, Die Planetenuhren von Dondi und Regiomontanan [Regiomontanus and Dondi’s planetary clock, trans.], Die Uhr 21 (1957), pp. 18–20.
   Google Scholar
• D. Hillard and E. Poulle, Oronce Fine et l’Horloge Planétaire de la Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève [Oronce fine and the planetary clock of the Sainte-Geneviève library, trans.], Bibliothèque d’Humanisme et Renaissance T.33 (1971), pp. 311–351.
   Google Scholar
• E. Poulle, Les mécanisations de l’astronomie des épicycles: l’horloge d’Oronce Fine [The mechanization of the astronomy of epicycles, trans.], in Comptes-rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 118e année, N.1, Paris, 1974, pp. 59–79.
   Google Scholar
• E. Rosen, Three Copernican Treatises, Dover, New York, 1959.
   Google Scholar
• M. Caspar, Kepler, Dover Edition, New York, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• F.D. Prager, Kepler als Erfinder [Kepler as Inventor, trans.], in Internationales Kepler Symposium, F. Kraft, K. Mayer, and B. Weil der Stadt Sticker, eds., Verlag Gerstenberg, Hildesheim, 1973, pp. 385–392.
   Google Scholar
• M. Caspar (trans.), Johannes Kepler Gesammelte Werke, Band 13: Briefe I 1590–1599, C.H. Beck, Munich, 1982.
   Google Scholar
• G. Galileo, Sidereus Nuncius [The starry messenger, trans.], Venice, 1610 ( A widely available modern translation was published by the University of Chicago Press in 1989).
   Google Scholar
• R.S. Westman, Two cultures or one? A second look at Kuhn's the Copernican revolution, Isis 85 (1994), pp. 79–115.10.1086/isis.1994.85.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Morrison, Fictional models in science, Phys. World 27 (2014), pp. 29–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F.J. Dyson “Why is Maxwell’s theory so hard to understand?” An essay, in James Clerk Maxwell Commemorative Booklet, The James Clerk Maxwell Foundation, 1999. Available at http://www.clerkmaxwellfoundation.org/html/further_documents.html.
   Google Scholar
• G. Pastore, The Recovered Archimedes planetarium, Rome, 2013. Available at http://www.giovannipastore.it/ARCHIMEDES.htm
   Google Scholar
• S. Cuomo, Ancient Mathematics, Routledge, London, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• A.G. Drachmann, The Mechanical Technology of Greek and Roman Antiquity, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1963.
   Google Scholar
• S. Cuomo, Technology and Culture in Greek and Roman Antiquity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007.
   Google Scholar