1,215
Views
60
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review articles

Ion Coulomb crystals

Pages 63-79 | Received 28 Sep 2014, Accepted 10 Oct 2014, Published online: 13 Jan 2015

References

  • E. Fischer, Die dreidimensionale Stabilisierung von Ladungsträgern in einem Vierpolfeld [The three-dimensional stabilisation of charged particles in a quadrupole field], Z. Phys. 156 (1959), pp. 1–26.
  • W. Paul, Electromagnetic traps for charged and neutral particles (Nobel lecture), Angewandte Chemie 29 (2003), pp. 739–748.
  • R.C. Thompson, Spectroscopy of trapped ions, Adv. Atomic Molecular Opt. Phys. 31 (1993), pp. 63–136.
  • G.Z.K. Horvath, R.C. Thompson, and P.L. Knight, Fundamental physics with trapped ions, Contemp. Phys. 38 (1997), pp. 25–48.
  • R. Ozeri, The trapped-ion qubit tool box, Contemp. Phys. 52 (2011), pp. 531–550.
  • A. Haerter and J.H. Denschlag, Cold atom-ion experiments in hybrid traps, Contemp. Phys. 55 (2014), pp. 33–45.
  • D.J. Douglas, A.J. Frank, and D.M. Mao, Linear ion traps in mass spectrometry, Mass Spectrom. Rev. 24 (2005), pp. 1–29.
  • M.D. Hughes, B. Lekitsch, J.A. Broersma, and W.K. Hensinger, Microfabricated ion traps, Contemp. Phys. 52 (2011), pp. 505–529.
  • L.S. Brown and G. Gabrielse, Geonium theory – physics of a single electron or ion in a Penning trap, Rev. Modern Phys. 58 (1986), pp. 233–311.
  • D.M. Segal and C. Wunderlich, Cooling techniques for trapped ions, in Physics with Trapped Charged Particles, M. Knoop, N. Madsen and R.C. Thompson, eds., Imperial College Press, London, 2014, pp. 43–81.
  • D.F.A. Winters, M. Vogel, D.M. Segal, and R.C. Thompson, Electronic detection of charged particle effects in a Penning trap, J. Phys. B – Atomic Molecular Opt. Phys. 39 (2006), pp. 3131–3143.
  • R. Blatt, H. Schnatz, and G. Werth, Precise determination of the 171Yb+ ground state hyperfine separation, Zeitsch. Phys. A – Hadrons Nuclei 312 (1983), pp. 143–147.
  • J. Eschner, G. Morigi, F. Schmidt-Kaler, and R. Blatt, Laser cooling of trapped ions, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20 (2003), pp. 1003–1015.
  • C. Monroe, D.M. Meekhof, B.E. King, S.R. Jefferts, W.M. Itano, D.J. Wineland, and P. Gould, Resolved-sideband Raman cooling of a bound atom to the 3D zero-point energy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (1995), pp. 4011–4014.
  • F. Schmidt-Kaler, C. Roos, H.C. Nagerl, H. Rohde, S. Gulde, A. Mundt, M. Lederbauer, G. Thalhammer, T. Zeiger, P. Barton, L. Hornekaer, G. Reymond, D. Leibfried, J. Eschner, and R. Blatt, Ground state cooling, quantum state engineering and study of decoherence of ions in Paul traps, J. Modern Opt. 47 (2000), pp. 2573–2582.
  • D. James, Quantum dynamics of cold trapped ions with application to quantum computation, Appl. Phys. B 66 (1998), pp. 181–190.
  • I. Waki, S. Kassner, G. Birkl, and H. Walther, Observation of ordered structures of laser-cooled ions in a quadrupole storage ring, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 (1992), pp. 2007–2010.
  • M.G. Raizen, J.M. Gilligan, J.C. Bergquist, W.M. Itano, and D.J. Wineland, Ionic crystals in a linear Paul trap, Phys. Rev. A 45 (1992), pp. 6493–6501.
  • K. Pyka, J. Keller, H.L. Partner, R. Nigmatullin, T. Burgermeister, D.M. Meier, K. Kuhlmann, A. Retzker, M.B. Plenio, W.H. Zurek, A. Campodel, and T.E. Mehlstäubler, Topological defect formation and spontaneous symmetry breaking in ion Coulomb crystals, Nat. Commun. 4 (2013), 2291.
  • C. Schneider, D. Porras, and T. Schaetz, Experimental quantum simulations of many-body physics with trapped ions, Rep. Progress Phys. 75 (2012), 024401.
  • P. Bowe, L. Hornekaer, C. Brodersen, M. Drewsen, J.S. Hangst, and J.P. Schiffer, Sympathetic crystallization of trapped ions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999), pp. 2071–2074.
  • H.C. Nagerl, D. Leibfried, F. Schmidt-Kaler, J. Eschner, and R. Blatt, Coherent excitation of normal modes in a string of Ca+ ions, Opt. Express 3 (1998), pp. 89–96.
  • A. Retzker, R.C. Thompson, D.M. Segal, and M.B. Plenio, Double well potentials and quantum phase transitions in ion traps, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008), 260504.
  • S. Mavadia, J.F. Goodwin, G. Stutter, S. Bharadia, D.R. Crick, D.M. Segal, and R.C. Thompson, Control of the conformations of ion Coulomb crystals in a Penning trap, Nat. Commun. 4 (2013), 2571.
  • G. Birkl, S. Kassner, and H. Walther, Multiple-shell structures of laser-cooled 24Mg+ ions in a quadrupole storage ring, Nature 357 (1992), pp. 310–313.
  • T. Schaetz, U. Schramm, and D. Habs, Crystalline ion beams, Nature 412 (2001), pp. 717–720.
  • U. Schramm and D. Habs, Crystalline ion beams, Progress Particle Nuclear Phys. 53 (2004), pp. 583–677.
  • J.J. Bollinger, D.J. Heinzen, F.L. Moore, W.M. Itano, D.J. Wineland, and D.H.E. Dubin, Electrostatic modes of ion-trap plasmas, Phys. Rev. A 48 (1993), pp. 525–545.
  • D.H.E. Dubin, Correlation energies of simple bounded Coulomb lattices, Phys. Rev. A 40 (1989), pp. 1140–1143.
  • M.D. Jones and D.M. Ceperley, Crystallization of the one-component plasma at finite temperature, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996), pp. 4572–4575.
  • M. Drewsen, C. Brodersen, L. Hornekaer, J.S. Hangst, and J.P. Schiffer, Large ion crystals in a linear Paul trap, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998), pp. 2878–2881.
  • C.B. Zhang, D. Offenberg, B. Roth, M.A. Wilson, and S. Schiller, Molecular-dynamics simulations of cold single-species and multispecies ion ensembles in a linear Paul trap, Phys. Rev. A 76 (2007), 012719.
  • J.P. Schiffer, M. Drewsen, J.S. Hangst, and L. Hornekær, Temperature, ordering, and equilibrium with time-dependent confining forces, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 97 (2000), pp. 10697–10700.
  • K. Okada, M. Wada, T. Takayanagi, S. Ohtani, and H.A. Schuessler, Characterization of ion Coulomb crystals in a linear Paul trap, Phys. Rev. A 81 (2010), 013420.
  • E. Wigner, On the interaction of electrons in metals, Phys. Rev. 46 (1934), pp. 1002–1011.
  • E. Wigner, Effects of the electron interaction on the energy levels of electrons in metals, Trans. Faraday Soc. 34 (1938), pp. 678–685.
  • Y. Chen, R.M. Lewis, L.W. Engel, D.C. Tsui, P.D. Ye, L.N. Pfeiffer, and K.W. West, Microwave resonance of the 2D Wigner crystal around integer Landau fillings, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003), 016801.
  • I.M. Tsidil’kovskiĭ, Crystallization of a three-dimensional electron gas, Sov. Phys. Uspekhi 30 (1987), pp. 676–698.
  • D.J. Wineland, J.C. Bergquist, W.M. Itano, J.J. Bollinger, and C.H. Manney, Atomic-ion Coulomb clusters in an ion trap, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 (1987), pp. 2935–2938.
  • F. Diedrich, E. Peik, J.M. Chen, W. Quint, and H. Walther, Observation of a phase transition of stored laser-cooled ions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 (1987), pp. 2931–2934.
  • B.C. Sawyer, J.W. Britton, A.C. Keith, C.C.J. Wang, J.K. Freericks, H. Uys, M.J. Biercuk, and J.J. Bollinger, Spectroscopy and thermometry of drumhead modes in a mesoscopic trapped-ion crystal using entanglement, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012), 213003.
  • W.M. Itano and D.J. Wineland, Laser cooling of ions stored in harmonic and Penning traps, Phys. Rev. A 25 (1982), pp. 35–54.
  • R.C. Thompson, and J. Papadimitriou, Simple model for the laser cooling of an ion in a Penning trap, J. Phys. B – Atomic Molecular Opt. Phys. 33 (2000), pp. 3393–3405.
  • X.P. Huang, J.J. Bollinger, T.B. Mitchell, and W.M. Itano, Phase-locked rotation of crystallized non-neutral plasmas by rotating electric fields, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998), pp. 73–76.
  • S. Bharadia, M. Vogel, D.M. Segal, and R.C. Thompson, Dynamics of laser-cooled Ca+ ions in a Penning trap with a rotating wall, Appl. Phys. B – Lasers Opt. 107 (2012), pp. 1105–1115.
  • J.W. Britton, B.C. Sawyer, A.C. Keith, C.C.J. Wang, J.K. Freericks, H. Uys, M.J. Biercuk, and J.J. Bollinger, Engineered two-dimensional Ising interactions in a trapped-ion quantum simulator with hundreds of spins, Nature 484 (2012), pp. 489–492.
  • J.J. Bollinger, T.B. Mitchell, X.P. Huang, W.M. Itano, J.N. Tan, B.M. Jelenkovic, and D.J. Wineland, Crystalline order in laser-cooled, non-neutral ion plasmas, Phys. Plasmas 7 (2000), pp. 7–13.
  • J.N. Tan, J.J. Bollinger, B. Jelenkovic, and D.J. Wineland, Long-range order in laser-cooled, atomic-ion Wigner crystals observed by Bragg scattering, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (1995), pp. 4198–4201.
  • M. Asprusten, S. Worthington, and R.C. Thompson, Theory and simulation of ion Coulomb crystal formation in a Penning trap, Appl. Phys. B – Lasers Opt. 114 (2014), pp. 157–166.
  • R.F. Wuerker, H. Shelton, and R.V. Langmuir, Electrodynamic confinement of charged particles, J. Appl. Phys. 30 (1959), pp. 342–349.
  • G. Morigi and S. Fishman, Dynamics of an ion chain in a harmonic potential, Phys. Rev. E 70 (2004), 066141.
  • S. Fishman, G. De Chiara, T. Calarco, and G. Morigi, Structural phase transitions in low-dimensional ion crystals, Phys. Rev. B 77 (2008), 064111.
  • E. Shimshoni, G. Morigi, and S. Fishman, Quantum structural phase transition in chains of interacting atoms, Phys. Rev. A 83 (2011), 032308.
  • T.W.B. Kibble, Topology of cosmic domains and strings, J. Phys. A: Math. General 9 (1976), pp. 1387–1398.
  • S. Ulm, J. Roßnagel, G. Jacob, C. Degünther, S.T. Dawkins, U.G. Poschinger, R. Nigmatullin, A. Retzker, M.B. Plenio, F. Schmidt-Kaler, and K. Singer, Observation of the Kibble-Zurek scaling law for defect formation in ion crystals, Nat. Commun. 4 (2013), 2290.
  • A. Del Campo, G. De Chiara, G. Morigi, M.B. Plenio, and A. Retzker, Structural defects in ion chains by quenching the external potential: The inhomogeneous Kibble-Zurek mechanism, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010), 075701.
  • R. Rafac, J.P. Schiffer, J.S. Hangst, D.H.E. Dubin, and D.J. Wales, Stable configurations of confined cold ionic systems, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 88 (1991), pp. 483–486.
  • P.F. Herskind, A. Dantan, J.P. Marler, M. Albert, and M. Drewsen, Realization of collective strong coupling with ion Coulomb crystals in an optical cavity, Nat. Phys. 5 (2009), pp. 494–498.
  • A. Dantan, J.P. Marler, M. Albert, D. Guénot, and M. Drewsen, Noninvasive vibrational mode spectroscopy of ion Coulomb crystals through resonant collective coupling to an optical cavity field, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010), 103001.
  • M. Albert, A. Dantan, and M. Drewsen, Cavity electromagnetically induced transparency and all-optical switching using ion Coulomb crystals, Nat. Photon. 5 (2011), pp. 633–636.
  • T.D. Ladd, F. Jelezko, R. Laflamme, Y. Nakamura, C. Monroe, and J.L. O’Brien, Quantum computers, Nature 464 (2010), pp. 45–53.
  • C. Monroe and J. Kim, Scaling the ion trap quantum processor, Science 339 (2013), pp. 1164–1169.
  • J.I. Cirac and P. Zoller, Quantum computing with cold trapped ions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995), pp. 4091–4094.
  • F. Schmidt-Kaler, H. Haffner, M. Riebe, S. Gulde, G.P.T. Lancaster, T. Deuschle, C. Becher, C.F. Roos, J. Eschner, and R. Blatt, Realization of the Cirac-Zoller controlled-NOT quantum gate, Nature 422 (2003), pp. 408–411.
  • C.F. Roos, Quantum information processing with trapped ions, in Physics with Trapped Charged Particles, M. Knoop, N. Madsen, and R.C. Thompson, eds., Imperial College Press, London, 2014, pp. 239–260.
  • T. Monz, P. Schindler, J.T. Barreiro, M. Chwalla, D. Nigg, W.A. Coish, M. Harlander, W. Hansel, M. Hennrich, and R. Blatt, 14-Qubit entanglement: Creation and coherence, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (2011), 130506.
  • J. Chiaverini, R.B. Blakestad, J. Britton, J.D. Jost, C. Langer, D. Leibfried, R. Ozeri, and D.J. Wineland, Surface-electrode architecture for ion-trap quantum information processing, Quant. Inform. Comput. 5 (2005), pp. 419-439.
  • R.B. Blakestad, C. Ospelkaus, A.P. VanDevender, J.H. Wesenberg, M.J. Biercuk, D. Leibfried, and D.J. Wineland, Near-ground-state transport of trapped-ion qubits through a multidimensional array, Phys. Rev. A 84 (2011), 032314.
  • R. Feynman, Simulating physics with computers, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 21 (1982), pp. 467–488.
  • M. Johanning, A.F. VarÃn, and C. Wunderlich, Quantum simulations with cold trapped ions, J. Phys. B: Atomic Molecular Opt. Phys. 42 (2009), 154009.
  • A. Friedenauer, H. Schmitz, J.T. Glueckert, D. Porras, and T. Schaetz, Simulating a quantum magnet with trapped ions, Nat. Phys. 4 (2008), pp. 757–761.
  • K. Kim, M.S. Chang, S. Korenblit, R. Islam, E.E. Edwards, J.K. Freericks, G.D. Lin, L.M. Duan, and C. Monroe, Quantum simulation of frustrated Ising spins with trapped ions, Nature 465 (2010), pp. 590–593.
  • M. Drewsen, I. Jensen, J. Lindballe, N. Nissen, R. Martinussen, A. Mortensen, P. Staanum, and D. Voigt, Ion Coulomb crystals: A tool for studying ion processes, Int. J. Mass Spect. 229 (2003), pp. 83–91.
  • F.H. Hall, M. Aymar, M. Raoult, O. Dulieu, and S. Willitsch, Light-assisted cold chemical reactions of barium ions with rubidium atoms, Molecular Phys. 111 (2013), pp. 1683–1690.
  • P. Blythe, B. Roth, U. Fröhlich, H. Wenz, and S. Schiller, Production of ultracold trapped molecular hydrogen ions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005), 183002.
  • J.P. Karr, H2+ and HD+: Candidates for a molecular clock, J. Molecular Spect. 300 (2014), pp. 37–43.
  • S. Schiller, D. Bakalov, and V.I. Korobov, Simplest molecules as candidates for precise optical clocks, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 (2014), 023004.
  • D.R. Crick, H. Ohadi, I. Bhatti, R.C. Thompson, and D.M. Segal, Two-ion Coulomb crystals of Ca+ in a Penning trap, Opt. Express 16 (2008), pp. 2351–2362.
  • P.O. Schmidt, T. Rosenband, C. Langer, W.M. Itano, J.C. Bergquist, and D.J. Wineland, Spectroscopy using quantum logic, Science 309 (2005), pp. 749–752.
  • C.W. Chou, D.B. Hume, J.C.J. Koelemeij, D.J. Wineland, and T. Rosenband, Frequency comparison of two high-accuracy Al+ optical clocks, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (2010), 070802.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.