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Original Articles

Why superstrings?

Pages 237-250 | Published online: 20 Aug 2006

References

  • Green , M. B. and Schwarz , J. 1984 . Phys. Lett. B. , 149 : 117 The three seminal superstring papers referred to in the text are
  • Gross , D. J. , Harvey , J. A. , Martinec , E. and Rohm , R. 1985 . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 54 : 502
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  • Feynman , R. P. 1949 . Phys. Rev. , 76 : 749 The classic papers on quantum electrodynamics are
  • 1950 . Ibid. , 80 : 440
  • Schwinger , J. 1948 . Phys. Rev. , 73 : 416
  • 1949 . Ibid. , 75 : 898
  • 1949 . Ibid. , 76 : 790
  • Dyson , F. J. 1949 . Phys. Rev. , 75 : 486, 1736
  • Fritzsch , H. and Gell-Mann , M. 1973 . Proceedings of 16th International Conference on High Energy Physics . 1973 , Batavia, Illinois. Vol. II , pp. p. 135 The suggestion that each quark flavour occurs in three colours was made by
  • Gross , D. J. and Wilczek , F. 1973 . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 30 : 1343 The important papers that first demonstrated that ‘non-Abelian’ gauge theories, such as QCD, could explain the observed scaling behaviour are
  • Politzer , H. D. 1973 . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 30 : 1346
  • Wu , C. S. , Ambler , E. , Hayward , R. W. , Hoppes , D. D. and Hudson , R. P. 1957 . Phys. Rev. , 105 : 1413 The discovery that weak interactions do not conserve parity was made by
  • Glashow , S. L. 1961 . Nucl. Phys. , 22 : 579 The unified electroweak gauge theory was constructed by
  • Weinberg , S. 1967 . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 19 : 1264
  • Salam , A. 1968 . Elementary Particle Theory , Edited by: Svartholm , N. Stockholm : Almqvist and Wiksell .
  • Higgs , P. W. 1964 . Phys. Lett. , 12 : 132 The use of spontaneous symmetry breaking in the context of particle theory was first proposed by
  • 1964 . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 13 : 508
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  • Guralnik , G. S. , Hagen , C. R. and Kibble , T. W. B. 1964 . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 13 : 585
  • Georgi , H. and Glashow , S. L. 1974 . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 32 : 438 The first, so-called ‘minimal’, grand unified theory (GUT) was constructed by
  • Golfand , Yu. A. and Likhtman , E. 1971 . Soviet Phys. JETP Lett. , 13 : 323 Supersymmetry was invented by
  • Volkov , D. V. and Akulov , V. P. 1973 . Phys. Lett. B , 46 : 109
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  • Kaluza , Th. 1921 . Sitz. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. K , 1 : 966 The suggestion that an extra (unobserved) spatial dimension might exist and affect physics was made by
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  • Nambu , Y. 1970 . Duality and hadrodynamics. Unpublished lectures at the Copenhagen Summer Sumposium . 1970 . The action for a relativistic string was originally formulated by
  • Goto , T. 1971 . Prog, theor. Phys., Osaka , 46 : 1560
  • Lovelace , C. 1971 . Phys. Lett., B , 34 : 500 The critical dimensionality (D = 26) of space-time for the bosonic string was discovered by
  • Neveu , A. and Schwarz , J. H. 1971 . Nucl. Phys. B , 31 : 86 Fermionic strings or superstrings were first constructed by
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  • Skyrme , T. H. R. 1961 . Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A , 260 : 127 The paper that demonstrated how fermions can arise in a purely bosonic field theory is by
  • 1988 . Int. J. Mod. Phys. A , 3 : 2745 See also
  • Moriyasu , K. 1982 . Contemp. Phys. , 23 : 553 For further reading about gauge theories and spontaneous symmetry breaking see the articles in this journal by
  • Aitchison , I. J. R. 1985 . Contemp. Phys. , 26 : 333
  • Pennington , M. R. 1983 . Rep. Prog. Phys. , 46 : 393 Excellent review articles on QCD are
  • Wilczek , F. 1982 . A. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. , 32 : 177
  • Langacker , P. 1981 . Phys. Rep. , 72 : 185 An excellent review of GUTs is
  • Ross , G. G. 1984, 1984 . Grand Unified Theories , Menlo Park, California : Benjamin/Cummings . See also the book
  • Bagger , J. 1983 . Supersymmetry and Supergravity , Princeton University Press . To learn more about supersymmetry (and supergravity) see the books
  • West , P. 1986 . Introduction to Supersymmetry and Supergravity , Singapore : World Scientific .
  • Bailin , D. 1987 . Contemp. Phys. , 28 : 177 Or the elementary article
  • Duff , M. J. , Nilsson , B. and Pope , C. N. 1986 . Phys. Rep. , 130 : 1087 For review articles on Kaluza-Klein theories try
  • Schwarz , J. 1982 . Phys. Rep. , 89 : 223 Early reviews of superstrings are
  • Green , M. B. 1983 . Surv. High En. Phys. , 3 : 127
  • Green , M. B. , Schwarz , J. H. and Witten , E. 1987 . Superstring Theory , Vol. 1 However the standard textbook, already a classic, is the so-called ‘Green Bible’
  • Introduction , Vol. 2
  • Loop Amplitude, Anomalies and Phenomenology , Cambridge University Press .

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