- Traditional Spanish Phalanx of the Council of National Syndicatist Offensive.
- Most secondary students are enrolled in the Seccion de Centros de Enseñanza o Escolares.
- Article I, Law of Primary Education (1945).
- Law of Primary Education (1945) Article II.
- Ibid. , Article III.
- Ibid. , Article IV.
- Mr. José Navarro.
- The Administrative structure of Spanish education follows a continental pattern and is familiar to any student of French educational organization.
- Franco controlled the government by September 1938 and began to publish laws even though the loyalist forces were still in the field.
- “The New Law of Secondary Education, Assembled by Don Higinio Leon Oses (Chief of the Section of Institutos of the Ministry of National Education) and Don Rafael Perez Lopez and Don Miguel Iboney Requena (Technical Administrators of the before-mentioned Ministerial Departments). Published by Garcia Encisco, 1939, Year of Victory, p. 29.”
- Ibid. , p, 40.
- R. Saez Soler , Planes de Estudios en Espana. Edited by The Junta de Relaciones Culturales del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores.
- The number which follows courses indicates the class hours devoted to the subject each week.
- “The term “Hispanidad” refers to the idea that all Spanish speaking people are to be included in one super-national culture.
- Nueva Ripalda , 17th edition, edited by Jose Vilamala : Barcelona , Spain , 1946.
- The sections on Atheism have been omitted for the sake of brevity.
- Questionarios para Los Estudios del Bachillerato , Barcelona , Spain , 1939. Section IV, pp. 3 – 6 (questionnaire on the studies covered by the secondary school degree).
- Ibid. , pp. 6 – 11.
- Ibid. , pp. 11 – 15.
- Ibid. , p. 35.
- Ibid. , p. 18.
- Ibid. , p. 26 – 27.
- Ibid. , p. 36.
- Lac. cit.
- J. R. Huerta , Manual de Educación Politica (Manual of Political Education) Madrid , Spain , no date.
- Spain Arise!
- The Youth Front.
- Franco's Falange Youths.
- Air Forces.
- Naval Forces.
- Nueva Ripalda , supra. , pp. 9 – 18.
- Cuestionarios Para los Estudios del Bachillerato , supra. , pp. 18 – 24.
- Manual de Educación Politica , supra. , pp. 25 – 35.
- Theodore Brameld , “President Hutchins and the New Reaction,” Educational Forum , March , 1937.
- Together with Walter Farrell , O. P., Professor Mortimer J. Adler wrote “The Theory of Democracy” in The Thomist , Vol. III , April , 1941 through Vol. VI, January, 1944. In this article Professor Adler takes a stand in favor of liberal social, economic, and political doctrines. He has recorded himself in the same vein in other writings.
- Jacques Maritain , Scholasticism and Politics ( New York : The Macmillan Company , 1940 ). Maritain's other writings attest the same liberalism.
- Although this essay is about aspects of Spanish education, the authoritarianism ascribed to Spain is equally applicable to Russia. [In his Origins of Russian Communism, Nicholai Berdyaev explains the possibility of viewing Russia as a theocracy where Communism, as interpreted by the Politburo, is the state religion and where there is evidence of hero worship akin to that accorded Caesar Augustus by the Romans.] Reflections of authoritarianism in Russian education may be gleaned from I Want to be Like Stalin written by George S. Counts and N. P. Lodge ( New York : The John Day Co. , 1947 ).
- Supra. , p. 4.
- Two of the more recent studies illustrating the thought being given to the problem of differentiating education within a common democratic society are Education for All American Youth and General Education in a Free Society , Report of the Harvard Committee, Cambridge , Harvard University Press , 1945. The Educational Policies Commission, National Education Association of the United States, Washington, D.C., 1944.
- Individual differences and individuation have attracted most of the attention of educational students within the past two decades but experiments in intercultural education and community surveys and class projects merit notice. American educators are trying to do justice to the individual seen as a social construct. This is non-academic, in the traditional and European interpretation of academic, and is hardly given lip service in European schools.
- Educational philosophy is making remarkable progress. Illustrative of its sophistication and practicality is The Discipline of Practical Judgment in a Democratic Society , XXVIII Yearbook of the National Society of College Teachers of Education, edited by Kenneth D. Benne, B. Othanel Smith, George E. Axtelle, and R. Bruce Raup, Chairman, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1943.
The Educational Forum
Volume 13, 1948 - Issue 1