References
- American Statistical Association. (2014). ASA statement on using value-added models for educational assessment. Retrieved from https://www.amstat.org/policy/pdfs/ASA_VAM_Statement.pdf
- Baker, A. (2012, August 18). In policy shift, fewer teachers are given tenure. The New York Times, p. A1.
- Balch, R., & Springer, M. G. (2015). Performance pay, test scores, and student learning objectives. Economics of Education Review, 44, 114–125.
- Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215.
- Beard, K. S., Hoy, W. K., & Woolfolk Hoy, A. (2010). Academic optimism of individual teachers: Confirming a new construct. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(5), 1136–1144. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2010.02.003
- Blount, J. M. (1998). Destined to rule the schools: Women and the superintendency, 1873–1995. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- Blythe, A. (2015, June 2). NC appeals court says lawmakers’ attempt to end teacher tenure is unconstitutional. The News and Observer. Retrieved from http://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/state-politics/article22862436.html
- Bordelon, T. D., Phillips, I., Parkison, P. T., Thomas, J., & Howell, C. (2012). Teacher efficacy: How teachers rate themselves and how students rate their teachers. Action in Teacher Education, 34(1), 14–25. doi:10.1080/01626620.2012.642282
- Chesley, G. M. (2011, April 27). Now is the time to redefine teacher tenure. Education Week, 30(29), 35, 44.
- Chilcott, L. (Producer), & Guggenheim, D. (Director). (2010). Waiting for “Superman” [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Vantage.
- Clark, A. (2015, April 15). PARCC: 15 percent of N.J. juniors opted-out, most younger students participated. Retrieved from http://www.nj.com/education/2015/04/despite_opt-out_movement_most_nj_kids_took_parcc.html
- Coleman, J., Schroth, S. T., Molinaro, L., & Green, M. (2005). Tenure: An important due process right or a hindrance to change in the schools? Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education, 18(3), 219–231. doi:10.1007/s11092-006-9020-5
- Darling-Hammond, L. (2014). One piece of the whole: Teacher evaluation as part of a comprehensive system for teaching and learning. American Educator, 38(1), 4–13, 44.
- Education Next. (2013). Education Next—Program on education policy and governance—Survey 2013. Retrieved from http://educationnext.org/files/2013ednextpoll.pdf
- FairTest. (2016). Teacher evaluation should not rest on student test scores (Revised 2016). Retrieved from http://www.fairtest.org/teacher-evaluation-fact-sheet
- Farkas, S., Johnson, J., & Duffett, A. (2003). Stand by me: What teachers really think about unions, merit pay, and other professional matters. New York, NY: Public Agenda.
- Fenstermacher, G. D., & Richardson, V. (2005). On making determinations of quality in teaching. Teachers College Record, 107(1), 186–213.
- Fertig, B. (2014, November 7). After a dip more NYC teachers get tenure. Retrieved from http://www.wnyc.org/story/after-dip-during-bloomberg-years-more-teachers-now-getting-tenure
- Firestone, W. A. (2014). Teacher evaluation policy and conflicting theories of motivation. Educational Researcher, 43(2), 100–107. doi:10.3102/0013189×14521864
- Goldhaber, D., DeArmond, M., Player, D., & Choi, H.-J. (2008). Why do so few public school districts use merit pay? Journal of Education Finance, 33(3), 262–289.
- Goldstein, J. (2009, March 11). Union bashing won't reform our schools. Education Week, 28(24), pp. 30–31.
- Goodman, S., & Turner, L. (2011). Does whole-school performance pay improve student learning? Education Next, 11(2), 66–71.
- Gordon, R., Kane, T. J., & Staiger, D. O. (2006). Identifying effective teachers using performance on the job [Hamilton Project discussion paper 2006-01]. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
- Grant, G., & Murray, C. E. (2002). Teaching in America: The slow revolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Gray, L., & Taie, S. (2015). Public school teacher attrition and mobility in the first five years: Results from the first through fifth waves of the 2007–08 Beginning Teacher Longitudinal Study (NCES 2015-337). Retrieved from National Center for Education Statistics website: http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch
- Greenblatt, A. (2010). Is teacher tenure still necessary? Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId = 126349435
- Grossman, P., Cohen, J., Ronfeldt, M., & Brown, L. (2014). The test matters: The relationship between classroom observation scores and teacher value added on multiple types of assessment. Educational Researcher, 43(6), 293–303. doi:10.3102/0013189×14544542
- Honda, M., & Reed, J. (2012, December 4). A better way to prepare teachers. Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from http://www.insidehighered.com/views/2012/12/04/producing-better-prepared-teachers-and-school-leaders-essay
- Hussar, W. J., & Bailey, T. M. (2014). Projections of education statistics to 2022 (NCES 2014-051). Retrieved from National Center for Education Statistics website: https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2014/2014051.pdf
- Ingersoll, R. M. (2003). Who controls teachers’ work? Power and accountability in America's schools. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Ingersoll, R. M. (2007). Misdiagnosing the teacher quality problem [CPRE policy briefs, RB-49]. Philadelphia: Consortium for Policy Research in Education, University of Pennsylvania.
- Ingersoll, R. M. (2012). Beginning teacher induction: What the data tell us. Phi Delta Kappan, 93(8), 47–51. doi:10.1177/003172171209300811
- Ingersoll, R. M., & Merrill, L. (2012, April). Seven trends: The transformation of the teaching force. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Vancouver, Canada.
- Jacobs, J. E., Lanza, S., Osgood, D. W., Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Changes in children's self-competence and values: Gender and domain differences across grades one through twelve. Child Development, 73(2), 509–527.
- Koretz, D. (2008). A measured approach: Value-added models are a promising improvement, but no one measure can evaluate teacher performance. American Educator, 39, 18–27.
- Kwalwasser, H. (2011). Overselling the myth of the bad teacher and tenure. School Administrator, 68(1), 39.
- Lanzarone, M. R. (1974). Teacher tenure—Some proposals for change. Fordham Law Review, 42(3), 526–561. Retrieved from http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol42/iss3/2
- Liang, G., & Akiba, M. (2015). Teacher evaluation, performance-related pay, and constructivist instruction. Educational Policy, 29(2), 375–401.
- Lockwood, J. R., McCaffrey, D. F., Hamilton, L. S., Stecher, B., Le, V.-N., & Martinez, F. (2006). The sensitivity of value-added teacher effect estimates to different mathematics achievement measures. Retrieved from RAND Corporation website: www.rand.org/pubs/reports/2009/RAND_RP1269.pdf
- Marinell, W. H., & Coca, V. M. (2013). Who stays and who leaves? Findings from a three-part study of teacher turnover in NYC middle schools. New York, NY: The Research Alliance for New York City Schools.
- Montague, D. (2011, April 13). Tennessee teacher tenure law. Retrieved from https://memphistr.org/tennessee-teacher-tenure-law/
- Morrill, J., & Bonner, L. (2014, July 9). Teachers to keep tenure in North Carolina, for now. Governing. Retrieved from http://www.governing.com/news/headlines/mct-teacher-tenure-north-carolina.html
- Navarro, B. J. (2012, June 22). Michelle Rhee: Quality of public education “dire” [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://www.cnbc.com/id/47928732
- Office of the Governor, Scott Walker. (n.d.). Act 10 reform updates. Retrieved from http://walker.wi.gov/wisconsin-priority/reforming-government/reforms-and-results/act-10-reform-updates
- Pas, E. T., Bradshaw, C. P., & Hershfeldt, P. A. (2012). Teacher- and school-level predictors of teacher efficacy and burnout: Identifying potential areas for support. Journal of School Psychology, 50(1), 129–145. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2011.07.003
- Polikoff, M. S., & Porter, A. C. (2014). Instructional alignment as a measure of teaching quality. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 36(4), 399–416.
- Putman, S. M. (2012). Investigating teacher efficacy: Comparing preservice and inservice teachers with different levels of experience. Action in Teacher Education, 34(1), 26–40.
- Renshaw, J. (2012, August 6). Gov. Christie signs teacher tenure overhaul bill. The Star-Ledger. Retrieved from http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/08/gov_christie_signs_teacher_ten.html
- Ronfeldt, M., Loeb, S., & Wykoff, J. (2013). How teacher turnover harms student achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 50(1), 4–36.
- Rothstein, J. (2015). Revisiting the impacts of teachers. Retrieved from http://eml.berkeley.edu/∼jrothst/workingpapers/rothstein_cfr.pdf
- Rubenstein, A. (2011, November 9). Ohio voters repeal law limiting union rights. Retrieved from http://www.law360.com/articles/284564/ohio-voters-repeal-law-limiting-union-rights
- Stephey, M. J. (2008, November 17). A brief history of tenure. Time. Retrieved from http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1859505,00.html
- Strom, D. J., & Baxter, S. S. (2001). From the statehouse to the schoolhouse: How legislatures and courts shaped labor relations for public education employees during the last decade. Journal of Law and Education, 30(2), 275–303.
- Sutton, P. S. (2009, December 16). Thinking anew about teacher tenure. Education Week, 29(15), pp. 20–21.
- Teoh, M., & Coggins, C. (2012). Great expectations: Teachers’ views on elevating the teaching profession. Boston, MA: Teach Plus.
- Tschannen-Moran, M. (2004). Trust matters: Leadership for successful schools. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Tyack, D. (1974). The one best system: A history of American urban education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Tyack, D., & Cuban, L. (1995). Tinkering toward Utopia: A century of public school reform. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (n.d.). National schools and staffing survey: Number and percentage distribution of teachers by school type, race/ethnicity, and sex: 2007–08. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sass/tables/sass0708_029_t12n.asp
- Valli, L., Croninger, R. G., & Buese, D. (2012). Studying high-quality teaching in a highly charged policy environment. Teachers College Record, 114(4), 1–33.
- Woolfolk Hoy, A. (2000, April). Changes in teacher efficacy during the early years of teaching. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA.
- Woolfolk Hoy, A., Davis, H., & Pape, S. (2006). Teachers’ knowledge, beliefs and thinking. In P. A. Alexander & P. H. Winne (Eds.), Handbook of educational psychology (2nd ed.; pp. 715–737). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Zirkel, P. A. (2010). Teacher tenure is not the real problem. Phi Delta Kappan, 92(1), 76–77. doi:10.1177/003172171009200116