Notes
- C. Silberman , Crisis in the Classroom ( New York : Vintage Books , 1971 ).
- C. Jencks et al., Inequality ( New York : Basic Books , 1972 ).
- J. Coleman et al., Equality of Educational Opportunity ( Washington , D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office , 1966 ).
- I. Illich , Deschooling Society ( New York : Harper and Row , 1971 ).
- G. Hodgson , “Do Schools Make A Difference?,” Atlantic 231 ( 1973 ): 35 – 46 .
- J. Coleman , The Adolescent Society ( Glencoe , Il. : The Free Press , 1961 ).
- D. McClelland , “Testing for Competence Rather Than Intelligence,” American Psychologist 28 ( 1973 ): 1 – 14 .
- Jencks et al., Inequality.
- Ibid.
- McClelland , “Testing. ”
- Coleman , Adolescent Society.
- Ibid.
- Jencks et al., Inequality.
- Coleman , Adolescent Society.
- McClelland , “Testing. ”
- Jencks et al., Inequality.
- Ibid.
- It should be noted that the data are somewhat imprecise, of course, due to variations in the basis for each of the sources, i.e., the U.S. Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Furthermore, not all wage earners support families of four. The relationship is probably different for older and younger workers. The presence of two wage earners within a family is not taken into account. Note also that the percentages are different for blacks—although the relation is the same. This presumably is due to the operation of racial discrimination, which weakens the impact of school success. But the data, it is believed, provide a reasonably accurate representation of the relationships in question.
- Jencks et al., Inequality.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- L. Bloom and P. Selznick , Sociology ( New York : Harper and Row , 1968 ).
- R. Peck and C. Gallini , “Intelligence, Ethnicity and Social Roles in Adolescent Society,” Sociometry 25 ( 1962 ): 64 – 72 .
- J. Glidewell et al., “Socialization and Social Structure in the Classroom,” in Review of Child Development Research , vol. 2 , ed. L. Hoffman and M. Hoffman ( New York : Russell Sage Foundation , 1966 ), pp. 221 – 56 .
- Coleman , Adolescent Society.
- J. Garbarino , “Alienation and Educational Institutions,” mimeographed ( Albany : N.Y.S. Assembly Scientific Advisory Committee , 1973 ).
- M. Gold , “Juvenile Delinquency as a Symptom of Alienation,” Journal of Social Issues 25 ( 1969 ): 121 – 35 .
- R. Barker and P. Gump , Big School, Small School ( Stanford : Stanford University Press , 1966 ).
- E. R. Keisler , “Experimental Development of ‘Like’ and ‘Dislike’ of Others Among Adolescent Girls,” Child Development 32 ( 1961 ): 59 – 66 .
- Jencks et al., Inequality.
- New York State Commission on Quality, Cost and Financing of Elementary and Secondary Education, Final Report , vols. 1–3 ( Albany , 1972 ).
- Coleman et al., Educational Opportunity.
- U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare , School Achievement of Children by Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors: United States Vital and Health Statistics , Series 11, no. 109 ( Rockville , Md. : National Center for Health Statistics , November 1971 ).
- Central Advisory Council for Education , Children and Their Primary Schools , vol. 2 ( London : Her Majesty's Stationary Office , 1967 ).
- U. Bronfenbrenner , Is Early Intervention Effective? ( Washington , D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office , 1973 ).
- Jencks et al., Inequality.
- H. Barow , “Development of Occupational Motives and Roles,” in Review of Child Development Research , ed. L. Hoffman and M. Hoffman , vol. 2 ( New York : Russell Sage Foundation , 1966 ), pp. 373 – 422 .
- Ibid.
- Barker and Gump , Big School.
- J. Garbarino , “High School Size and Adolescent Social Development,” Human Ecology Forum 4 ( 1973 ): 26 – 29 .
- Barow , “Occupational Motives, and Roles. ”
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- E. Douvan and M. Gold , “Modal Patterns in American Adolescence,” in Review of Child Development Research , vol. 2 , ed. L. Hoffman and M. Hoffman ( New York : Russell Sage Foundation , 1966 ), pp. 409 – 528 .
- New York State Commission on Campus Unrest, Academy or Battleground ( Albany , 1972 ).
- Barow , “Occupational Motives and Roles. ”
- Jencks et al., Inequality.
- D. Yankelovitch , The Changing Values on Campus ( New York : Washington Square Press , 1972 ).
- U. Bronfenbrenner , “The Roots of Alienation,” in Influences on Human Development , ed. U. Bronfenbrenner ( Hinsdale , Il. : The Dryden Press , 1972 ).