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Original Articles

Social Class and Merit in the High School

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Pages 482-511 | Published online: 30 Jan 2008

Notes

  • William N. Greenbaum , “Serrano v. Priest: Implications for Educational Equality,” Harvard Educational Review 41 ( November 1971 ): 501 – 34 .
  • Henry J. Perkinson , The Imperfect Panacea: American Faith in Education, 1865–1965 ( New York : Random House , 1968 ), pp. 120 – 21 .
  • Ibid. , p. 122 .
  • Ibid. , pp. 126 – 27 .
  • W. Lloyd Warner , Robert I. Havighurst , and Martin B. Loeb , Who Shall Be Educated? ( New York : Harper and Brothers Publishers , 1944 ), p. xi .
  • Edward Hoffman , “De-Schooling Trends. ” The New York Times , October 13, 1975 . p. 29 .
  • James Coleman , “Equality of Opportunity and Equality of Results,” Harvard Educational Review 43 ( February 1973 ): 129 – 37 .
  • James Coleman , “The Concept of Equality of Educational Opportunity,” Harvard Educational Review 38 ( Winter 1968 ): 7 – 22 .
  • Christopher S. Jencks et al., Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effect of Family and Schooling in America ( New York : Basic Books , 1972 ).
  • Christopher S. Jencks and Marsha D. Brown , “Effects of High Schools on Their Students,” Harvard Educational Review 45 ( August 1975 ): 273 – 324 .
  • Harvey A. Averch et al., How Effective Is Schooling? ( Englewood Cliffs , N.J. : Educational Technology Publications , 1974 ).
  • Kenneth B. Clark , “Alternative Public School Systems,” Harvard Educational Review 38 ( Winter 1968 ): 101 .
  • Patricia Cayo Sexton , Education and Income ( New York : The Viking Press , 1961 ), p. 42 .
  • Michael B. Katz , Class, Bureaucracy, and Schools ( New York : Praeger Publishers , 1971 ), p. xi .
  • Ibid. , p. xviii .
  • Martin Carnoy , Education as Cultural Imperialism ( New York : David McKay Company, Inc. , 1974 ), p. 324 .
  • David A. Goslin , The School in Contemporary Society ( Glenview , II. : Scott, Foresman and Company , 1965 ), p. 110 .
  • David E. Lavin , The Prediction of Academic Performance ( New York : Russell Sage Foundation , 1965 ), p. 55 .
  • Kaare Svalastoga , Social Differentiation ( New York : David McKay Company, Inc. , 1965 ).
  • Samuel Bowles , “Unequal Education and the Reproduction of the Social Division of Labor,” in Schooling in a Corporate Society , ed. Martin Carnoy ( New York : David McKay Company, Inc. 1972 ), pp. 36 – 64 ; and Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis, “I.Q. in the U.S. Class Structure,” Social Policy (November/December 1972 and January/February 1973): 65–96.
  • Svalastoga , Social.
  • Karl L. Alexander and Bruce K. Eckland , Effects of Education on the Social Mobility of High School Sophomores Fifteen Years Later (1955–1970) , Final Report, Project No. 10202, Grant No. OEG-4–71–0037 ( Washington , D.C. : National Institute of Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare , 1973 ).
  • Karl L. Alexander and Bruce K. Eckland , “Contextual Effects in the High School Attainment Process,” American Sociological Review 40 ( 1975 ): 402 – 16 .
  • Robert M. Hauser , Socioeconomic Background and Educational Performance , The Arnold and Caroline Rose Monograph Series in Sociology ( Washington , D.C. : American Sociological Association , 1971 ).
  • William H. Sewell and Robert M. Hauser , Education, Occupation, and Earnings: Achievement in the Early Career. Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Final Report, Grant No. 314 ( Washington , D.C. : Social and Rehabilitation Service, Social Security Administration, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare , 1974 ), p. 122 .
  • Trevor H. Williams , “Educational Aspirations: Longitudinal Evidence on Theory Development in Canadian Youth,” Sociology of Education 45 ( Spring 1972 ): 107 – 13 .
  • Barbara Heyns , “Social Selection and Stratification Within Schools,” American Journal of Sociology 79 ( May 1974 ): 1434 – 1451 .
  • Alan C. Kerckhoff , “Stratification Processes and Outcomes in England and the U.S.,” American Sociological Review 39 ( December 1974 ): 789 – 801 .
  • The research of Richard Rehberg reported herein has been supported by grants from the National Science Foundation, the National Institute of Mental Health, and the National Institute of Education. Inferences from the data are the authors' and do not necessarily represent those of any of the sponsoring agencies.
  • Hubert M. Blalock , Jr. , Causal Inferences in Nonexperimental Research ( Chapel Hill , N.C. : University of North Carolina Press , 1961 ).
  • Otis Dudley Duncan , “Path Analysis: Sociological Examples,” American Journal of Sociology 72 ( July 1966 ): 1 – 16 .
  • Carnoy , Education , p. 324 .
  • Heyns , “Social Selection,” p. 1449 .
  • National Education Association , Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education , United States Bureau of Education Bulletin no. 35 ( Washington , D.C. , 1918 ).
  • August B. Hollingshead , Elmtown's Youth ( New York : John Wiley and Sons , 1949 ).
  • Bowles , “Unequal Education,” p. 50 .
  • Hauser , Socioeconomic Background.
  • Bowles , “Unequal Education,” p. 50 .
  • Archibald O. Haller and Alejandro Portes , “Status Attainment Processes,” Sociology of Education 46 ( Winter 1973 ): 51 – 91 .
  • Raymond Boudon , Education, Opportunity, and Social Inequality ( New York : John Wiley and Sons , 1973 ), pp. 84 – 85 .
  • Bowles , “Unequal Education,” p. 58 .
  • Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson , Pygmalion in the Classroom ( New York : Holt, Rinehart, and Winston , 1968 ).
  • Howard S. Becker , “Social-Class Variations in the Teacher-Pupil Relationship,” in The Sociology of Education , ed. Robert R. Bell and Hogler R. Stub ( Homewood . Il. : The Dorsey Press , 1968 ), pp. 155 – 66 .
  • Bowles , “Unequal Education,” p. 50 .
  • Dan C. Lortie , Schoolteacher ( Chicago : University of Chicago Press , 1975 ), pp. 121 – 24 .
  • David E. Lavin , The Prediction of Academic Performance ( New York : Russell Sage Foundation , 1965 ), p. 52 .
  • Bowles , “Unequal Education,” p. 51 .
  • Bowles and Gintis , “I.Q.,” p. 78 .
  • Otis Dudley Duncan , David L. Feather-man , and Beverly Duncan , Socioeconomic Background and Occupational Achievement: Extensions of a Basic Model. Final Report, Project No. 5–0074 (EO-191), Contract No. OE-5–85–072 ( Washington , D.C. : Bureau of Research, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare . 1968 ), p. 323 .
  • Jencks et al., Inequality , p. 323 .
  • Hauser , Socioeconomic Background , p. 150 .
  • Michael Young , The Rise of the Meritocracy ( London : Penguin Books, Ltd. , 1958 ).
  • Ralph Turner , The Social Context of Ambition ( San Francisco : Chandler Publishing Co. , 1964 ).
  • John M. Finney , “Indirect Effects in Path Analysis,” Sociological Methods and Research 1 ( November 1972 ): 175 – 86 .
  • Boudon , Education.
  • Haller and Portes , “Status Attainment.
  • Alexander and Eckland , Effects of Education.
  • Jerome Karabel and Alexander W. Astin , “Social Class, Academic Ability, and College ‘Quality,’” Social Forces 53 ( March 1975 ): 381 – 98 .
  • “Study of College Degree Finds Its Value Declining,” The New York Times , August 14, 1975 , pp. 1 , 35 .
  • “Swedes, Flourishing, Feel Guilty About Their Wealth and Debate Obligations to Others,” The New York Times , December 26, 1974 , p. 12 .

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