Teacher Roles and Alternative School Organizations

Notes

• Charles E. Bidwell , “The School as a Formal Organization,” in Handbook of Organizations , ed. James March ( Chicago : Rand McNally , 1965 ); idem, “The Social Psychology of Teaching,” in Second Handbook of Research on Teaching, ed. Robert M.W. Travers (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1973).
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• Dan C. Lortie , “Observations on Teaching as Work,” in Second Handbook of Research on Teaching , ed. Robert M.W. Travers , ( Chicago : Rand McNally , 1973 ).
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• Charles A. Perrow , “A Framework for the Comparative Analysis of Organizations,” American Sociological Review 14 ( March 1969 ): 194 – 208
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• Lortie , “ Observations on Teaching ,” p. 474 .
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• David D. Franks , Joseph Marolla and Stephen V. Dillion , “Intrinsic Motivation and Feelings of Competency Among Students,” Journal of Research and Development in Education 8 ( Fall 1974 ): 20 – 29
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• Charles E. Silberman , Crisis in the Classroom: The Remaking of American Education ( New York : Vintage , 1970 ).
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• Herbert J. Walberg and Susan C. Thomas , “Open Education: An Operational Definition and Validation in Great Britain and the United States,” American Educational Research Journal 9 ( Spring 1972 ): 197 – 208 idem, “Defining Open Education,” Journal of Research and Development in Education 8 (Fall 1974):4–13.
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• Lortie , “ Observations on Teaching ,” p. 479 .
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• See, for example, Perrow , “ A Framework for Comparative Analysis. ”
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• See Sloan R. Wayland , “The Teacher as Decision-Maker,” in Curriculum Crossroads , ed. A. Harry Passow ( New York : Teachers College, Columbia University , 1962 ).
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• See Michael W. Apple , “The Adequacy of Systems Management Procedures in Education and Alternatives,” in Perspectives on Management Systems Approaches in Education , ed. Albert H. Yee ( Englewood Cliffs , N.J. : Educational Technology Publications , 1973 ); Silberman, Crisis in the Classroom.
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• Bidwell , “The School as a Formal Organization.”
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• Frank Musgrove , “Research on the Sociology of the School and of Teaching,” in Research Perspectives in Education , ed. William Taylor ( London : Routledge & Kegan Paul , 1973 ).
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• See Max Weber , The Theory of Social and Economic Organization , trans. A. M. Henderson and Talcott Parsons ( New York : Oxford University Press , 1947 ).
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• See Lawrence Cremin , The Transformation of the School: Progressivism in American Education, 1876–1957 ( New York : Vintage , 1964 ).
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• See Franklin Bobbitt , How to Make a Curriculum ( Boston : Houghton-Mifflin , 1924 ); William W. Charters, Curriculum Construction (New York: Macmillan, 1923); and J.M. Rice, Scientific Management in Education (New York: Hinds, Noble, and Eldredge, 1913).
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• Herbert M. Kliebard , “Metaphorical Roots of Curriculum Design,” Teachers College Record 73 ( February 1972 ): 403 .
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• Walberg and Thomas , “ Defining Open Education. ”
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• Kliebard , “ Metaphorical Roots ,” p. 403 .
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• Franks , Marolla , and Dillion , “ Intrinsic Motivation ,” p. 20 .
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• Otto F. Kraushaar , American Nonpublic Schools ( Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press , 1972 ).
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• Gordon C. Lee , ed., Crusade Against Ignorance: Thomas Jefferson on Education ( New York : Teachers College Press , 1961 ).
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• Kliebard , “ Metaphorical Roots ,” pp. 403 – 404
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• Elliot W. Eisner and Elizabeth Vallance , “Five Conceptions of Curriculum: Their Roots and Implications for Curriculum Planning,” in Conflicting Conceptualizations of Curriculum , ed. Elliot W. Eisner and Elizabeth Vallance ( Berkeley : McCutchan , 1974 ), p. 12 .
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• See William W. Cooley and Robert Glasser , “The IPI Management Information System,” in Developmental Efforts in Individualized Learning , ed. Robert A. Weisgerber ( Itasca , II. : Peacock , 1971 ).
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• See John C. Flanagan , “The Goals of Project PLAN,” in Developmental Efforts in Individualized Learning , ed. Robert A. Weisgerber ( Itasca , II. : Peacock , 1971 ).
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• See Anglin , “ The School Organization ,” p. 63 .
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• C. M. Lindvall and Robert C. Cox , “The Role of Evaluation in Programs for Individualized Instruction,” reprinted from Educational Evaluation: New Roles, New Means, The Sixty-eighth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education (Part II) ( Chicago : University of Chicago Press , 1969 ), p. 168 .
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• See Phillip C. Lange , “Administrative and Curricular Considerations,” in Programmed Instruction: The Sixty-sixth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education (Part II) ( Chicago : University of Chicago Press , 1967 ), p. 307 .
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