Notes
- J. Piaget , The Moral Judgment of the Child ( London : Kegan Paul , 1932 ).
- J. Dewey , Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education ( New York : Macmillan , 1916 ).
- T. E. Roberts , ed., Four Psychologies Applied to Education: Freudian, Behavioral, Humanistic, Transpersonal ( Cambridge , Ma. : Schenkman Publishing Company , 1975 ).
- J. Weinstein and M. S. Schwartz , “Values Education Without Indoctrination,” The Educational Forum 43 ( 1979 ): 203 .
- R. L. Morrill , Teaching Values in College ( San Francisco : Jossey-Bass , 1980 ).
- L. E. Raths , M. Harmin , and S. B. Simon , Values and Teaching: Working with Values in the Classroom ( Columbus , Oh. : Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company , 1966 ).
- S. B. Simon and J. Clark , More Values Clarification ( San Diego : Pennant Press , 1975 ).
- M. Rokeach , “Introduction,” in Understanding Human Values: Individual and Societal , ed. M. Rokeach ( New York : Free Press , 1979 ).
- L. Kohlberg and E. Turiel , “Moral Development and Moral Education,” in Psychology and Education Practice , ed. G. Lesser ( Chicago : Scott Foresman , 1971 ). As this article was being prepared, Kohlberg was making a current statement in Educational Leadership 38 (1980):19–25 in defense of moral education in the public school sector.
- L. Kohlberg , “The Cognitive-Developmental Approach to Moral Education,” Phi Delta Kappan 56 ( 1975 ): 670 – 77
- A. Conroy and J. Burton , “The Trouble with Kohlberg: A Critique,” The Educational Forum 45 ( 1980 ): 43 – 56
- SisselaBok is a lecturer on medical ethics at the Harvard Medical School. She received a Ph.D. degree in philosophy from Harvard University in 1970. She is co-director of the Hastings Center's Project on the Teaching of Ethics.
- D. Callahan and S. Bok , “The Role of Applied Ethics in Learning,” Change ( 1979 ): 23 – 27
- Daniel Callahan is director of the Hastings Center and a former philosophy teacher and magazine editor. His most recent book is The Tyranny of Survival ( New York : Macmillan , 1973 ). In 1977 with the aid of a Carnegie Corporation and Rockefeller Brothers Fund, the Hastings Center launched an extended examination of the place of ethics in American higher education.
- S. Bok , Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life ( New York : Pantheon Books , 1978 ).
- S. Bok and J. A. Behnke , The Dilemmas of Euthanasia ( New York : Anchor Press , 1975 ).
- A. L. Lockwood , “The Effects of Values Clarification and Moral Development Curricula on School-Age Subjects: A Critical Review of Recent Research,” Review of Educational Research 48 ( 1978 ): 325 – 64
- Ibid.
- N. T. Greenstein , “Behavioral Change Through Value Self-Confrontation: A Field Experiment,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 34 ( 1976 ): 254 – 62
- Lockwood , “ Effects of Values Clarification. ”
- L. Kohlberg , “High School Democracy and Educating for a Just Society,” in Moral Education: A First Generation of Research and Development , ed. R. Mosher ( New York : Praeger , 1980 ).
- Callahan and Bok , “ Role of Applied Ethics. ”
- Bok and Behnke , Euthanasia.
- Bok , Lying.
- In the spring of 1980, the Hastings Center published a number of monographs on the teaching of ethics, including the findings of the study evaluating the role of ethics in learning. You can address inquiries to the Teaching of Ethics Project, The Hastings Center, 360 Broadway, Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, New York 10706.
- Books currently available applying the Values Clarification Model in education include: M. Harmin , H. Kirschenbaum , and S. Simon , Clarifying Values Through Subject Matter: Applications for the Classroom ( Minneapolis , Mn. : Winston Press , 1976 ); B.P. Hall, Value Clarification as Learning Process: A Sourcebook of Learning Theory (New York: Paulist Press, 1973); J.C. Penney Company, An Introduction to Value Clarification (New York: Educational and Consumer Relations Department, J.C. Penney Co., 1972); J. Schlehofer, Joy in Parenting: Parenting Skills with Pre-schoolers Through Adolescents (New York: Paulist Press, 1979); S. Simon, Meeting Yourself Halfway: Thirty-one Values Clarification Strategies for Daily Living (Niles, II.: Argus Communications, 1974); and S. St. Marie, Value Clarification (New York: Educational and Consumer Relations Department, J.C. Penney Company, 1972).
- Harmin , Kirschenbaum , and Simon , Clarifying Values , pp. 8 – 9
- M. Harmin , H. Kirschenbaum , and S. Simon , “The Search for Values with a Focus on Math,” in Teaching Mathematics in the Elementary School—What's Needed? What's Happening? ( Washington , D.C. : NAESP and NCTM , 1970 ).
- Rokeach , “Long-term Value Change,” in Understanding Human Values.
- A sample listing of such books is as follows: A. Alschuler , D. Tabor , and J. McIntyre , Teaching Achievement Motivation ( Middletown , Ct. : Education Ventures , 1971 ); W. Timmerman and J. Ballard, Circlebook (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.: Humanistic Education Center, 1979); M. Harmin and T. Gregory, Teaching Is (Chicago, II.: Science Research Associates, 1974); L. Raths, Meeting the Needs of Children (Columbus, Oh.: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, 1972); A. Fluegelman, The New Games Book (Garden City, N.J.: Dolphin Books, 1976).
- A sampling of titles available to aid in this professional education process is as follows: R. Muessig , Controversial Issues in the Social Studies: A Contemporary Perspective , National Council for the Social Studies 45th Yearbook ( Washington , D.C. : National Council for the Social Studies , 1975 ); C. Knapp, Teaching Environmental Education with a Focus on Values (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.: Humanistic Education Center, 1979); J. Goodman et al., Tackling Racism by Clarifying Values (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.: Humanistic Education Center, 1979); E. Morrison and M. Price, Values in Sexuality (New York: Hart Publishing Co., 1974); S. Simon and R. O'Rourke, Developing Values with Exceptional Children (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974); G. Stanford and B. Stanford, Learning Discussion Skills Through Games (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.: Humanistic Education Center, 1979); V. Wilson and B. Wattenmaker, Real Communication in Foreign Language (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.: Humanistic Education Center, 1979); idem, Real Communication in Spanish (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.: Humanistic Education Center, 1979); idem, Real Communication in French (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.: Humanistic Education Center, 1979); idem, Real Communication in German (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.: Humanistic Education Center, 1979).
- Rokeach , “Value Education in Educational Settings,” in Understanding Human Values.
- Harmin , Kirschenbaum , and Simon , Clarifying Values.
- Raths , Harmin , and Simon , Values and Teaching.
- S. Simon , L. Howe , and H. Kirschenbaum , Values Clarifications Handbook of Practical Strategies for Teachers and Students ( New York : Hart Publishing Co. , 1972 ).
- Conroy and Burton , “ The Trouble with Kohlberg. ”
- R. S. Peters , “A Reply to Kohlberg,” Phi Delta Kappan 56 ( June 1975 ) provides some examples from the Eichmann trial relevant to Kohlberg and Kant having a similar moral, philosophical base. Conroy and Burton also mention it in their article “The Trouble with Kohlberg,” p. 52 .
- A comprehensive list of curriculum materials based on the Kohlberg model can be found in Linda W. Rosenweig , “ A Selected Bibliography of Materials about Moral Education Based on the Research of Lawrence Kohlberg ,” Social Education 40 ( 1976 ): 212 .