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Original Articles

The Humanistic Ideal and Literary Form: A Matter of Perspective

Pages 43-58 | Published online: 30 Jan 2008

References

  • Moritmer J. Adler , The Paideia Proposal ( New York : Macmillan , 1982 ); Ernest L. Boyer, High School: A Report on Secondary Education in America (New York: Harper & Row, 1983); Business-Higher Education Forum, America's Competitive Challenge: The Need for a National Response (Washington, D.C.: Author, 1983); College Entrance Examination Board, Academic Preparation for College: What Students Need to Know and Be Able to Do (New York: College Board Publications, 1983); John I. Goodlad, A Place Called School: Prospects for the Future (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983); National Association of Secondary School Principals and National Association of Independent Schools, A Study of High Schools (Authors, 1984); National Commission on Excellence in Education, A National at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983); Task Force on Education for Economic Growth, Education Commission of the States, Action for Excellence: A Comprehensive Plan to Improve Our Nation's Schools (Author, 1983); Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Federal Elementary and Secondary Education Policy, Making the Grade (New York: Twentieth Century Fund, 1983).
  • Adler , Paideia; Boyer, High School; National Commission, A Nation at Risk; Twentieth Century Fund, Making the Grade.
  • Boyer , High School , p. 95 .
  • John Dewey , How We Think ( Boston : D.C. Heath and Company , 1933 ), p. 3 .
  • Theodore R. Sizer , Secondary Schools at the Turn of the Century ( New Haven , Conn. : Yale University Press , 1964 ), p. 56 .
  • Ibid. , p. 1 .
  • R. Hofstadter and W. Smith , American Higher Education: A Documentary History ( Chicago : University of Chicago Press , 1961 ), I, p. 289 .
  • Sizer , Secondary Schools , p. 3 .
  • Ibid. , p. 59 .
  • Lawrence A. Cremin , The Transformation of the School: Progressivism in American Education, 1876–1957 ( New York : Alfred A. Knopf , 1964 ), pp. 8 – 9
  • Ibid. , p. 14 .
  • Ibid. , pp. 26 – 27
  • Ibid. , p. 27 .
  • Ibid. , p. 28 .
  • Ibid. , p. 29 .
  • Ibid.
  • Ibid. , p. 103 .
  • Ibid. , p. 124 .
  • Ibid. , p. 136 .
  • Ibid. , p. 138 .
  • O. Meredith Wilson , “The Dilemmas of Humanistic Education in the United States,” in Humanistic Education and Western Civilization: Essays for Robert M. Hulchins , ed. Arthur A. Cohen ( New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston , 1964 , pp. 99 – 109 rpar;, p. 103 .
  • Dewey , How We Think , p. 90 .
  • Edwin H. Reeder , “The Quarrel between Professors of Academic Subjects and Professors of Education: An Analysis,” AAUP Bulletin 37 ( Autumn , 1951 ): 506 – 521
  • Ibid. , p. 510 .
  • Ralph Waldo Emerson , “Self Reliance,” in Selections from Ralph Waldo Emerson , ed. Stephen E. Whicher ( Boston : Houghton Mifflin , 1957 ), pp. 152 – 153
  • Reeder , “ The Quarrel ”, p. 514 .
  • Arthur Bestor , Educational Wastelands ( Chicago : University of Illinois Press , 1953 ), p. 18 .
  • Ibid. , p. 43 .
  • Leon Botstein , “Language, Reasoning, and the Humanities,” in The Humanities in America's High Schools , eds., Chester E. Finn , Diane Ravitch , and Robert T. Fancher , ( New York : Holmes and Meier , 1984 , pp. 30 – 45 rpar;, p. 30 .
  • Stanley Aronowitz and Henry A. Giroux , Education under Siege. ( South Hadley , Mass. : Bergin , 1985 ), p. 52 .
  • Robert T. Fancher , “English Teaching and Humane Culture,” in Against Mediocrity: The Humanities in America's High Schools , eds. Chester E. Finn , Diane Ravitch , and Robert T. Fancher , ( New York : Holmes and Meir , 1984 , pp. 49 – 69 rpar;, p. 49 .
  • Ibid. , p. 51 .
  • Ibid. , p. 50 .
  • Ibid. , p. 56 .
  • Ibid. , pp. 53 – 54
  • Ibid. , p. 56 .
  • Bruno Bettelheim , The Uses of Enchantment ( New York : Random House , 1975 ), p. 4 .
  • Ibid.
  • Boyer , High School , p. 95 .
  • Flannery O'Connor , “ The Teaching of Literature ,” in Mystery and Manners , eds. Sally Fitzgerald and Robert Fitzgerald ( New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux , 1961 , pp. 121 – 134 rpar;, p. 123 .
  • Lionel Trilling , “The Uncertain Future of the Humanistic Ideal,” in The Last Decade , ed. Diana Trilling ( New York : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich , 1979 , pp. 160 – 176 rpar;, p. 176 .
  • Ibid. , pp. 175 – 176
  • Ibid. , p. 170 .
  • Ibid. , p. 171 .
  • Ibid.
  • Boyer , High School , p. 95 .
  • Bettelheim , Enchantment , p. 4 .
  • Aristotle , Poetics , in The Great Critics , ed. James Smith and Winifield Parks , ( New York : W.W. Norton , 1951 ), p. 36 .
  • Virginia Woolf , “The Common Reader,” in The Novel , ed. Elizabeth Drew ( New York : Dell Publishing Company , 1963 ), p. 16 .
  • Thomas Mann , “Tonio Kroger,” in Stories of Three Decades , trans. H.T. Lowe-Porter (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1936 ).
  • Joseph Campbell , “The Importance of Rites,” in Myths to Live By ( New York : Bantam Books , 1972 , pp. 43 – 60 rpar;, pp. 43 – 44

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