References
- Croall , Jonathan . 1983 . Neill of Summerhill: The Permanent Rebel , New York : Pantheon Books . Jonathan Croall, ed., All the Best, Neill: Letters from Summerhill (New York: Franklin Watts, 1984). Ronald Swartz, “Summerhill Revisited: Searching for a Perspective on the Life and World of A. S. Neill, “Educational Studies 17 (Summer 1986): 194–210
- Roman , Frederick William . 1923 . The New Education in Europe , New York : E. P. Dutton .
- Washburne , Carleton . 1926 . New Schools in the Old World , New York : John Day .
- Beck , Robert H. 1942 . American Progressive Education, 1875–1930 , Doctoral Dissertation Yale University . A much more comprehensive record is to be found in Lawrence Cremin, The Transformation of School: Progressivism in American Education, 1876–1957 (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1961)
- Boyd , William and Rawson , Wyatt . 1965 . The Story of the New Education , London : Heinesmann Educational Books . The World Education Fellowship officially had “consultative status to UNESCO.”
- Ferrière , Adolph . 1928 . The Activity School , 3rd ed. , Edited by: Dean Moore , F. and Wooton , F. C. 6 New York : John Day .
- “It ‘the charter of the New Education’ is by no means new. It is the ideals of Montaigne, of Locke, of J. J. Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Fichte, Froebel who made it the center of their educational system.” (Ferrière, Activity School, p. 6)
- Ferrière . Activity School 7
- 1985 . 75 Jahre Odenwaldschule . Kultur Chronik , 5 : 32 The Nazis forced the Geheebs into exile, and their school was closed. After World War I1 the school reopened in Heppenheim, Germany, where the author visited on April 20, 1967
- Boyd and Rawson . The Story 11 – 12 . also see Alwine von Keller, “Course System in the Odenwaldschule,” The New Era 3 (January 1922): 23–24
- Neill , A. S. 1922 . Education in Germany . The New Era , 3 January : 87 – 88 . “Education in Germany,” The New Era 3 (April 1922): 57–58
- Neill . 1922 . Hellerau International School . The New Era , 3 April : 87
- Boyd and Rawson . The Story 72
- Roman . The New Education 208
- Boyd and Rawson . The Story 16
- Decroly , Ovide . 1922 . The Psychological Basis of the Decroly System of Teaching . The New Era , 3 April : 41 – 43 . A. Hamaide “An Account of Dr. Decroly's Method as Used in the Primary Schools of Brussels,” The New Era 3 (April 1922): 44–45; Elspeth M. McNicoll, “The Decroly Method,” The New Era 3 (April 1922): 46–68
- The book actually had been drafted ten years earlier but it did not come off the press until 1915
- Ferrière . 1921 . The New Schools . The New Era , 2 October : 226
- Ferrière . Activity School 242 This “spiritual energy” was the elan vital written of by the French philosopher, Henri Bergson, in his L'Evolution creatrice. Neither an elan vital or spiritual energy was considered a reality by the newer psychology
- Ferrière . usually wrote of the experimental or new school (the American progressive school) as l'ecole active — as distinguished from the traditional l'ecole assise, literally a sitting school. Ferrière also distinguished l'ecole actioe from the German Arbeitschule, where the student's work was not spontaneous but, rather, arranged by a teacher. ‘Adolph Ferrière, “The New Schools,” The New Era 2 (October 1921): 226.1 Ferrière felt much the same way about the school Slojd Abrahamson opened in Maas, Sweden, where models for imitation were given, the proper handling of tools taught…” ‘Ferrière, “The New Schools,” p. 226.1
- Following the Locarno meetings both Elizabeth Rotten and Beatrice Ensor came to the United States, visiting with Carleton Washburne, among others
- The Bryanstone conference in England (1945) was followed a year later by a Paris conference, in turn succeeded by two conferences in Cirencester, England (1947, 1949). Clearly the English had taken leadership in the movement following World War II
- 130 – 150 . Many of these have been recounted by William Boyd and Wyatt Rawson in their Story of the New Education
- The course followed by education in the Democratic Republic of Germany (East Germany) cannot be said to be connected with the New Education
- National sections of the World Education Fellowship did meet, first the Danish section in 1965, then the English section both in 1966 and 1969. The Belgian section convened in 1971, followed by the Scottish section in 1972. The following year an International Conference was convened in Tokyo. We do not have a record of subsequent activities
- A year after the first conference of the World Education Fellowship an inventory of schools was published in The New Era. Only 74 schools were listed: 23 of the 74 were English, 14 German, 11 were located in the United States, nine were Swiss, six were in France, three in Australia, and the remainder scattered throughout Africa, Belgium, Holland, Hungary, India and Sweden
- It is common knowledge that the restructuring of public education is going forward in other countries but nowhere has it equal intensity as in the United States
- Reference is to the Steiner schools, dating from his Waldorf school of 1919, and Steiner's writing on what he called Anthroposophy. When Hitler forbade such enterprises as Steiner's or the Geheebs's, there were 17 Steiner schools in Germany, Holland, Switzerland, Portugal and England. Today Steiner schools in the United States have been added to the list