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Original Articles

A Forum within The Forum: Sartre's Contribution to Child Psychology: Some Educational Implications

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Pages 17-36 | Published online: 30 Jan 2008

References

  • 1980–1981 . Review of Existential Psychology and Psychiatry 17 (No. 1)
  • Barnes , Hazel . 1959 . Humanistic Existentialism: The Literature of Possibility , Lincoln, Nebraska : University of Nebraska Press . See, for instance An Existentialist Ethics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967); Sartre (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1973); Sartre and Flaubert (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981)
  • Barnes . Sartre and Flaubert 71
  • Sartre , Jean Paul . 1949 . Baudelaire , London : Horizon Press . Saint Genet (New York: Mentor, 1964); The Words (Greenwich, Connecticut: Fawcett, 1964); The Family Idiot: Gustaue Flaubert (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.)
  • 1957 . The Transcendence of the Ego , New York : Noonday . Sketch for a Theory of Emotions (London: Methuen, 1962) Sartre's literature and drama help one understand many of his concepts and ideas. In addition, he has books on psychology, for instance, The Psychology of Imagination (New York: Washington Square Press, 1966). For an example of psychologists who have mastered Sartre's concepts such as “the look” and applied them to childhood, see, Betty Cannon, “The ‘Demonic Double’ and Early Education for Peace,” in Education for Peace: Testimonies from World Religions, eds. Haim Gordon and Leonard Grob (Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1987), pp. 171–194
  • Piaget , Jean . 1971 . Insights and Illusions of Philosophy , London : Routledge & Kegan Paul . Showing how Piaget misconstrues Sartre would require a separate paper
  • Of course anyone dealing with human experience must assume human freedom. Even in the determinism of the Freudians, from Freud himself through Erikson to Lacan, one senses this grudging acknowledgement of freedom. Yet, unlike Sartre, no psychologist has posited freedom as the basis and the crucial building block of human psychology. In child psychology we learn that what interests the researchers, say Piaget, are “mental growth or, what amounts to the same thing the development of behavior patterns” (The Psychology of the Child), not the way a child learns to live his or her freedom
  • Sartre , Jean Paul . 1968 . Search for u Method , 62 New York : Vintage .
  • Sartre . The Words 11
  • Sartre , Jean Paul . 1956 . Being and Nothingness , 89 New York : Washington Square Press .
  • 93 – 94 . Ibid., especially
  • 89 Ibid.
  • Sartre . The Words 15 – 16 .
  • Sartre . Being and Nothingness 103
  • 102 Ibid.
  • Dostoyevski , Fyodor . 1957 . The Brothers Karamazou , New York : Signet . See, especially, Part Four, Book Ten, “The Boys.”
  • Golding , William . 1959 . Lord of the Flies , New York : Capricorn .
  • Sartre . Being and Nothingness 342
  • Sartre . The Words 19 – 20 .
  • Sartre . Being and Nothingness 350
  • Sartre . The Words 53
  • 54 Ibid.
  • 55 Ibid.
  • Sartre . Being and Nothingness 349
  • 768 Ibid.
  • Faulkner , William . 1960 . Light in August , 105 Middlesex, , England : Penguin .
  • Joyce , James . 1967 . Dubliners , London : Jonathan Cape . The story, “Encounter” appears in
  • Sartre . Being and Nothingness 706
  • 720 – 721 . Ibid.
  • 728 Ibid., The “complex” Sartre refers to is something like Freud's Oedipus Complex
  • Sartre . The Words 95
  • Proust , Marcel . 1934 . Remembrance of Things Past , New York : Random House . See the Overture to “Swann's Way,” especially pp. 27–30
  • Markham , Beryl . 1983 . West with the Night , San Francisco : North Point Press . Quoted from p. 239
  • Barnes . Humanistic Existentialism 113
  • Ibid.
  • Sartre . Being and Nothingness 534
  • Gordon , Haim . 1986 . Dance, Dialogue, and Despair: Existentialist Philosophy and Education for Peace in Israel , Tuscaloosa, Alabama : University of Alabama Press .
  • Gordon , Haim . 1988 . Learning to Think: Arendt on Education for Democracy . The Educational Forum , 53 Fall : 49 – 62 . The importance of confronting is discussed in Gordon, Dance, Dialogue, and Despair. Also see
  • Dostoyevsky . The Brothers Kararnazou Part Four, Book Ten
  • 118 135 244 We learn of his sensitivity through Markham's descriptions of her father. See, for instance, West with the Night

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