To be or not to be? Pupils' explanations of the malleability of their academic competencies

References

• Bornholt , L. J. 1997 . Aspects of self knowledge about activities with young children . Every Child , 3 : 8 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Bornholt , L. J. 2005 . ASK-KIDS self concept inventory , Melbourne : ACER Press .
   Google Scholar
• Droege , K. L. and Stipek , D. J. 1993 . Children's use of dispositions to predict classmates' behavior . Developmental Psychology , 29 : 646 – 654 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dweck , C. S. 1999 . Self-theories: Their role in motivation, personality, and development , Philadelphia, PA : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar
• Dweck , C. S. 2006 . Mindset: The new psychology of success , New York : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Eccles , J. , Wigfield , A. , Harold , R. D. and Blumenfeld , P. 1993 . Age and gender differences in children's self- and task perceptions during elementary school . Child Development , 64 : 830 – 847 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faria , L. 2006 . Personal conceptions of intelligence: Definition, differentiation and emergence as an organizer and integrative model of other motivational constructs . Psicologia , 20 : 11 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Gipps , C. and Tunstall , P. 1998 . Effort, ability and the teacher: Young children's explanations for success and failure . Oxford Review of Education , 24 : 149 – 165 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart , S. , Dixon , A. , Drummond , M. J. and McIntyre , D. 2004 . Learning without limits , Maidenhead : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kärkkäinen , R. , Räty , H. and Kasanen , K. 2008 . Children's notions of the malleability of their academic competencies . Social Psychology of Education , 11 : 445 – 458 .
   Google Scholar
• Kasanen , K. and Räty , H. 2008 . ‘Do the very best you can’: The third-grade class test . Social Psychology of Education , 11 : 193 – 208 .
   Google Scholar
• Kasanen , K. , Räty , H. and Eklund , A.-L. 2009 . Elementary school pupils' evaluations of the malleability of their academic abilities . Educational Research , 51 : 27 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasanen , K. , Räty , H. and Snellman , L. 2003 . Learning the class test . European Journal of Psychology of Education , 18 : 43 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development) . 2004 . Learning for tomorrow's world: First results from PISA 2003 , Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• Räty , H. 2003 . The significance of parents' evaluations of their own school for their educational attitudes . Social Psychology of Education , 6 : 43 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Räty , H. , Kasanen , K. , Kiiskinen , J. , Nykky , M. and Atjonen , P. 2004 . Children's notions of the malleability of their academic ability in the mother tongue and mathematics . Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research , 48 : 413 – 426 .
   Google Scholar
• Räty , H. , Kasanen , K. and Snellman , L. 2002 . What makes one able? The formation of pupils' conceptions of academic ability . International Journal of Early Years Education , 10 : 121 – 135 .
   Google Scholar
• Räty , H. , Snellman , L. and Kasanen , K. 1999 . Children's representations of ability and their changes during the first school year . Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research , 43 : 249 – 258 .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenholtz , S. J. and Simpson , C. 1984 . The formation of ability conceptions: Developmental trend or social construction? . Review of Educational Research , 54 : 31 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snellman , L. and Räty , H. 1995 . Conceptions of intelligence as social representations . European Journal of Psychology of Education , 10 : 273 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stipek , D. J. and Daniels , D. H. 1988 . Declining perceptions of competence: A consequence of changes in the child or in the educational environment? . Journal of Educational Psychology , 80 : 352 – 356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stipek , D. and Mac Iver , D. 1989 . Developmental change in children's assessment of intellectual competence . Child Development , 60 : 521 – 538 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner , B. 1986 . An attributional theory of motivation and emotion , New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Weiner , B. 1992 . Human motivation: Metaphors, theories, and research , Newbury Park, CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Wigfield , A. , Eccles , J. S. , Yoon , K. S. , Harold , R. D. , Arbreton , A. J.A. , Freedman-Doan , C. and Blumenfeld , P. C. 1997 . Change in children's competence beliefs and subjective task values across the elementary school years: A 3-year study . Journal of Educational Psychology , 89 : 451 – 469 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar