Teachers' beliefs and gender differences in mathematics: a review

References

• BALL , L. 1990 . ‘Prospective elementary and secondary teachers’ understanding of division’ . Journal for Research in Mathematics Education , 21 ( 3 ) : 132 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BASOW , S. A. and HOWE , K. G. 1979 . ‘Sex bias and career evaluations by college women’ . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 49 : 705 – 6 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BASOW , S. A. and HOWE , K. G. 1987 . ‘Evaluations of college professors: effects of professors’ sex‐type and sex, and students’ sex’ . Psychological Reports , 60 : 671 – 8 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BASOW , S. A. and SILBERG , N. T. 1987 . ‘Student evaluations of college professors: are female and male professors rated differently?’ . Journal of Educational Psychology , 79 ( 3 ) : 308 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BROPHY , J. 1985 . “ ‘Interactions of male and female students with male and female teachers.’ ” . In Gender Influences in Classroom Interaction , Edited by: WILLINSON , L. C. and MARRETT , B. 115 – 43 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• BUSSIS , A. M. , CHITTENDEN , F. and AMAREL , M. 1976 . Beyond Surface Curriculum , Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press .
   Google Scholar
• CAMPBELL , P. B. 1995 . “ ‘Redefining the girl problem in mathematics.’ ” . In New Directions for Equity in Mathematics Education , Edited by: SECADA , W. , FENNEMA , E. and ADAJIAN , L. 225 – 241 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• CARNOY , M. 1971 . Family background, school inputs and students’ performance in school: the case of Puerto Rico , Stanford, Calif., , USA : Stanford University School of Education . Unpublished ms.,
   Google Scholar
• CASSERLY , P. L. 1975 . An Assessment of Factors Affecting Female Participation in Advanced Placement Programs in Mathematics, Chemistry, and Physics , Washington, DC : National Science Foundation . (Grant No. GY‐11325).
   Google Scholar
• COBB , P. , WOOD , T. and YACKEL , E. 1990 . “ ‘Classrooms as learning environments for teachers and researcher.’ ” . In Constructivist Views in Mathematics Education , Edited by: DAVIS , R. , MAHER , C. and NODDINGS , N. 125 – 46 . Reston, Va. : NCTM .
   Google Scholar
• COBB , P. , WOOD , T. and YACKEL , E. 1992 . “ ‘A constructivist approach to second grade mathematics.’ ” . In Constructivism in Mathematics Education , Edited by: VON GLASERSFELD , E. Dordrecht, Holland : Reidel .
   Google Scholar
• DUVAL , C. 1980 . ‘Differential teacher grading behaviors towards female students of mathematics’ . Journal for Research in Mathematics Education , 14 : 202 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• ECCLES‐PARSON , J. 1984 . ‘Sex differences in mathematics participation.’ Cited in . Advances in Motivation and Achievement , 2 : 93 – 137 .
   Google Scholar
• ERNEST , P. The impact of beliefs on the teaching of mathematics . Paper prepared for ICME VI . July , Budapest, Hungary.
   Google Scholar
• FENNEMA , E. 1990 . “ ‘Teachers’ beliefs and gender differences in mathematics.’ ” . In Mathematics and Gender , Edited by: FENNEMA , E. and LEDER , G. C. 169 – 87 . New York : Teachers’ College Press .
   Google Scholar
• FENNEMA , E. 1996 . “ ‘Mathematics, gender and research.’ ” . In Towards Gender Equity in Mathematics Education , Edited by: HANNA , G. 9 – 26 . Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• FENNEMA , E. and CARPENTER , T. P. 1981 . ‘Sex‐related differences in mathematics: results from national assessment’ . Mathematics Teacher , 74 ( 7 ) : 554 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• FENNEMA , E. , CARPENTER , T. P. and PETERSON , P. L. 1989 . “ ‘Learning mathematics with understanding: cognitively guided instruction.’ ” . In Advances in Research on Teaching , Edited by: BROPHY , J. 190 – 221 . Greenwich, Conn. : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• FENNEMA , E. and HART , L. 1994 . ‘Gender and the JRME’ . Journal for Research in Mathematics Education , 25 ( 6 ) : 648 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FENNEMA , E. and PETERSON , P. L. 1985 . “ ‘Autonomous learning behaviors: a possible explanation of gender‐related differences in mathematics.’ ” . In Gender‐related Differences in Classroom Interactions , Edited by: WILKINSON , L. C. and MARRETT , C. B. 17 – 35 . Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• FENNEMA , E. and PETERSON , P. L. 1987 . “ ‘Effective teaching for girls and boys: the same or different?’ ” . In Talks to Teachers , Edited by: BERLINER , D. C. and ROSENSHINE , B. V. 111 – 25 . New York : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• FENNEMA , E. , PETERSON , P. L. , CARPENTER , T. P. and LUBINSKI , C. A. 1990a . ‘Teachers’ attributions and beliefs about girls, boys, and mathematics’ . Educational Studies in Mathematics , 21 : 55 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• FENNEMA , E. , RYAN , M. , FROST , L. A. and HOPP , C. 1990b . ‘Gender differences in mathematics attitudes and affect: a meta‐analysis’ . Psychology of Women Quarterly , 14 : 299 – 324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FENNEMA , E. and SHERMAN , J. A. 1977 . ‘Sex‐related differences in mathematics achievement, spatial visualization and affective factors’ . American Educational Research Journal , 14 ( 1 ) : 51 – 71 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FENNEMA , E. and SHERMAN , J. A. 1978 . ‘Mathematics achievement and related factors: a further study’ . Journal for Research in Mathematics Education , 9 : 189 – 203 .
   Google Scholar
• FERBER , M. and HUBER , J. 1975 . ‘Sex of student and instructor: a study of student bias’ . American Journal of Sociology , 80 : 949 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FOX , L. H. , BRODY , L. and TOBIN , D. 1985 . “ ‘The impact of early intervention programs upon course‐taking and attitudes in high school.’ ” . In Women and Mathematics: Balancing the Equation , Edited by: CHIPMAN , S. F. , BRUSH , L. R. and WILSON , D. M. 249 – 74 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• GROSSMAN , P. , WILSON , S. and SHULMAN , L. 1989 . “ ‘Teachers of substance: subject matter knowledge for teaching.’ ” . In Knowledge Base for the Beginning Teacher , Edited by: REYNOLDS , M. C. 23 – 34 . Oxford : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• HANCOCK , G. R. , SHANNON , D. M. and TRENTHAM , L. L. 1993 . ‘Student and teacher gender in ratings of a university faculty: results from five colleges of study’ . Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education , 6 : 235 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• HANNA , G. , JUNDIGER , E. and LAROUCHE , C. Mathematical achievement of grade 12 girls in fifteen countries . Paper presented at the Sixth International Congress on Mathematical Education . July , Budapest, Hungary.
   Google Scholar
• HILLIARD , G. 1995 . “ ‘Mathematics excellence for cultural “minority” students: what is the problem?’ ” . In Prospects for School Mathematics , Edited by: CARL , I. Reston, Va. : NCTM .
   Google Scholar
• JUNGWIRTH , H. 1991 . ‘Interaction and gender: findings of a microethnographical approach to classroom discourse’ . Educational Studies in Mathematics , 22 : 263 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• KASCHAK , E. 1981 . ‘Another look at sex bias in students’ evaluations of professors: do winners get the recognition that they have been given?’ . Psychology of Women Quarterly , 5 : 767 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KLEES , S. J. 1974 . Television and other determinants of scholastic achievement in Mexican secondary education , Stanford, Calif., , USA : Stanford University, Institute for Communication Research . Unpublished ms.,
   Google Scholar
• LEDER , G. C. 1987 . ‘Teacher‐student interaction: a case study’ . Educational Studies in Mathematics , 18 : 255 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• LEDER , G. C. Early school experiences: gender differences in mathematics learning . Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association . April , Chicago, USA.
   Google Scholar
• LEDER , G. C. 1992 . “ ‘Mathematics and gender: changing perspectives.’ ” . In Handbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning , Edited by: GROUWS , D. A. New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• LEE , B. E. and LOCKHEED , M. E. 1990 . ‘The effects of single‐sex schooling on achievement and attitudes in Nigeria’ . Comparative Education Review , 34 ( 2 ) : 209 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LI , W. Teachers’ beliefs, gender differences and mathematics . Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of American Association for the Advancement of Science . June , San Jose, Calif., USA.
   Google Scholar
• LOMBARDO , J. and TOCCI , M. 1979 . ‘Attribution of positive and negative characteristics of instructors as a function of attractiveness and sex of instructor and sex of subject’ . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 4 : 491 – 4 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MALLAM , W. A. 1993 . ‘Impact of school‐type and sex of the teacher on female students’ attitudes toward mathematics in Nigerian secondary schools’ . Educational Studies in Mathematics , 24 : 223 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• MWAMWENDA , T. S. and MWAMWENDA , B. B. 1989 . ‘Teacher characteristics and pupils’ academic achievement in Botswana primary education’ . International Journal of Educational Development , 9 ( 1 ) : 31 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• OAKES , J. 1990 . ‘Opportunities, achievement, and choice: women and minority students in science and mathematics’ . Review of Research in Education , 16 : 153 – 222 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PRATT , D. L. 1985 . ‘Responsibility for student success/failure and observed verbal behaviors among secondary science and mathematics teachers’ . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 22 ( 9 ) : 807 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RELICH , J. 1996 . ‘Gender, self‐concept and teachers of mathematics: effects on attitudes to teaching and learning’ . Educational Studies in Mathematics , 30 ( 2 ) : 179 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• REYES , L. H. and STANIC , G. M. A. 1988 . ‘Race, sex, socioeconomic status, and mathematics’ . Journal of Research in Mathematics Education , 19 ( 1 ) : 26 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RYAN , J. 1972 . Educational resources and scholastic outcomes: a study of rural primary schooling in Iran , Stanford, Calif., , USA : Stanford University . Unpublished PhD. dissertation,
   Google Scholar
• SAHA , L. J. 1983 . ‘Social structure and teacher effects on academic achievement: a comparative analysis’ . Comparative Education Review , 27 ( 1 ) : 69 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHARP , M. 1975 . Children's Learning: An Introduction to Psychology , London : University of London Press .
   Google Scholar
• SINGER , E. 1996 . ‘Espoused teaching paradigms of college faculty’ . Research in Higher Education , 37 ( 6 ) : 659 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SKOLNICK , J. , LANGBORT , C. and DAY , L. 1982 . How to Encourage Girls in Mathematics and Science , Palo Alto, Calif. : Dale Seymour .
   Google Scholar
• TIEMAN , R. and RANKIN‐ULLOCK , B. 1985 . ‘Student evaluations of teachers’ . Teaching Sociology , 12 : 177 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WARWICH , D. P. and JATOI , H. 1994 . ‘Teacher gender and student achievement in Pakistan’ . Comparative Education Review , 38 ( 3 ) : 377 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WIGINTON , H. , TOLLEFSON , N. and RODRIGUEZ , E. 1989 . ‘Students’ ratings of instructors revisited: interactions among class and instructor variables’ . Research in Higher Education , 30 ( 3 ) : 331 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILES , C. A. 1992 . ‘Investigating gender bias in the evaluations of middle school teachers of mathematics’ . School Science and Mathematics , 92 ( 6 ) : 295 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• WILSON , D. and DOYLE , K. O. 1976 . ‘Student ratings of instruction’ . Journal of Higher Education , 47 ( 4 ) : 465 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WINOCUR , S. , SCHOEN , L. G. and SIROWATKA , A. H. 1989 . ‘Perceptions of male and female academics within a teaching context’ . Research in Higher Education , 30 ( 3 ) : 317 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar