References
- ADT Europe . 2006 . “ Anti‐Social Behaviour Across Europe. An overview of research commissioned by ADT Europe. ” . ADT Fire and Security plc. http://www.adt.co.uk/antisocial.html
- Armour , K. M. and Bowyer , S. 2004 . YST / BSkyB 'Living for Sport' Programme: End of phase 1 report , Loughborough : Institute of Youth Sport .
- Armour , K. M. , Duncombe , R. and Stewart , K. 2007 . Combined report for years 1–3 of YST/BSkyB 'Living for Sport' , Loughborough : Institute of Youth Sport .
- Armour , K. M. , Freris , F. and Duncombe , R. 2008 . Year 1 interim report for the YST/Deutsche Bank Moving Generations project , Loughborough : Institute of Youth Sport .
- Armour , K. M. , Sandford , R. A. and Crossman , D. C. 2006 . “ ‘Additional aides’ or ‘informal educators’? ” . The role of adult mentors in youth physical activity programs. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association conference, April, in San Francisco, USA
- Aynsley‐Green , A. 2006 . Office of the Children's Commissioner annual report and accounts 2005/2006 , London : The Stationery Office .
- Bailey , R. 2005 . Evaluating the relationship between physical education, sport and social inclusion. . Educational Review , 57 ( 1 ) : 71 – 90 .
- Beinart , S. , Anderson , B. , Lee , S. and Utting , D. 2002 . Youth at risk? A national survey of risk factors, protective factors and problem behaviour among young people in England, Scotland and Wales , London : Communities that Care .
- BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) . 2007a . “ Cameron civic responsibility push. BBC website. ” . http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/ik_politics/6582423.stm
- BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) . 2007b . “ Constructive activities for children and young people. Respect website. ” . http://www.respect.gov.uk/members/article.aspx?id=9790
- Burt , J. J. 1998 . The role of kinesiology in elevating modern society. . Quest , : 80 – 95 .
- Cameron , M. and MacDougall , C. 2000 . Crime prevention through sport and physical activity. . Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice , http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/t165.pdf
- Clare , J. 2003 . Schools failing 80,000 teenage pupils a year BBC website. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/main
- Clennell , A. 2003 . “ Truancy project has had no impact. ” . In Independent News and Media Ltd http://www.education.independent.co.uk/news/story.jsp?story=410001
- Crabbe , T. 2006a . Knowing the score, Positive Futures case study research: final report , London : Home Office .
- Crabbe , T. 2006b . “ Going the distance: impact, journeys and distance travelled (third interim national Positive Futures case study research report). Positive Futures. ” . London : Home Office . http://www.positivefuturesresearch.org.uk
- Danish , S. J. 2002 . “ Teaching life skills through sport. ” . In Paradoxes of youth and sport , Edited by: Gatz , M , Messner , M. A and Ball‐Rokeach , S. J . 49 – 59 . Albany, NY : State University of New York Press .
- Davies , B. 2005 . “ Threatening youth revisited: Youth policies under New Labour. The encyclopaedia of informal education. ” . http://www.infed.org/archives/bernard_davies/revisiting_threatening_youth.html
- DCMS (Department for Culture, Media and Sport) . 1999 . Policy Action Team 10: report to the Social Exclusion Unit—Arts and Sport , London : HMSO .
- DCMS (Department for Culture, Media and Sport) . 2002 . “ Game plan: a strategy for delivering government's sport and physical activity objectives. ” . Sport Development website. http://www.sportdevelopment.org.uk/html/gameplan.html
- DCMS / DfES (Department for Culture, Media and Sport / Department for Education and Skills) . 2007 . Departmental report , Norwich : HMSO .
- DCSF (Department for Children, Schools and Families) . 2005 . “ Every Child Matters: aims and outcomes. Department for Children, Schools and Families. ” . http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/aims
- DfEE / QCA (Department for Education and Employment/Qualifications and Curriculum Authority) . 1999 . Physical education: the National Curriculum for England , London : QCA .
- DfEE (Department for Education and Employment) . 2000 . How to evaluate education initiatives: a guide for schools , Nottingham : DfEE Publications .
- DfES (Department for Education and Skills) . 2003a . Permanent exclusions from schools and exclusion appeals, England 2001/2002 Provisional , London : National Statistics . (SFR 16/2003)
- DfES (Department for Education and Skills) . 2003b . Pupil absence in schools in England 2002/3 Revised , London : National Statistics . (SFR 34/2003)
- DSS (Department of Social Security) . 1999 . Opportunity for all: tackling poverty and social exclusion , London : TSO .
- Donnelly , P. and Coakley , J. 2002 . The role of recreation in promoting social inclusion , Toronto : Laidlaw Foundation .
- Duncombe , R. and Armour , K. M. 2005 . YST / BSkyB 'Living for Sport' Programme: Year 2 End of Year Report , Loughborough : Institute of Youth Sport .
- Eades , J. , Armour , K. M. , Duncombe , R. and Pearson , N. 2006 . YST/BSkyB. 'Living for Sport' Programme: End of Year 3 Report , Loughborough : Institute of Youth Sport .
- Ellis , S. W. 2003 . “ Changing the lives of children and older people: Intergenerational mentoring in secondary schools. ” . Paper presented at the British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, September 11–13, in Edinburgh, Scotland
- Elton Report . 1989 . Discipline in schools: Report of the Committee of Enquiry chaired by Lord Elton , London : HMSO .
- Ennis , C. D. 1999 . Creating a culturally relevant curriculum for disengaged girls. . Sport, Education and Society , 4 ( 1 ) : 31 – 49 .
- Flintoff , A. and Scraton , S. 2001 . Stepping into active leisure? Young women's perceptions of active lifestyles and their experiences of school physical education. . Sport, Education and Society , 6 : 5 – 21 .
- Flintoff , A. 2003 . The school sport co‐ordinator programme: Changing the role of the physical education teacher? . Sport, Education and Society , 8 ( 2 ) : 231 – 50 .
- Fraser‐Thomas , J. L. , Côté , J. and Deakin , J. 2005 . Youth sport programs: an avenue to foster positive youth development. . Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy , 10 ( 1 ) : 19 – 40 .
- Gibbons , C. 2006 . A case study evaluation of the impact of NOPES funding on disaffected youth , Nottingham : Centre for Developing and Evaluating Lifelong Learning .
- Golden , S. , Lines , A. and Sims , D. 2002 . Mentor points: pilot year evaluation (DfES Research Report 369) , London : DfES .
- Hayden , C. and Blaya , C. 2005 . Children on the margins: comparing the role of school in England and France. . Policy Studies , 26 ( 1 ) : 67 – 83 .
- Hayes , S. and Stidder , G. 2003 . Equity and inclusion in physical education and sport , London : Routledge .
- Hayward , R. and Sharp , C. 2005 . Young people, crime and anti‐social behaviour: findings from the 2003 crime and justice survey (Home Office Findings no. 245) , London : Home Office .
- Hellison , D. 1995 . Teaching responsibility through physical activity , Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
- Holt , N , ed. 2007 . Positive youth development through sport , London : Routledge .
- Houlihan , B. and Green , M. 2006 . The changing status of school sport and physical education: Explaining policy change. . Sport, Education and Society , 11 ( 1 ) : 73 – 92 .
- Kraft , N. P. and Wheeler , J. W. 2002 . “ Service‐learning and resilience in disaffected youth: a research study. ” . Paper presented at the 2nd Annual International Service‐Learning Research Conference, October, in Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN
- Larson , A. and Silverman , S. J. 2005 . Rationales and practices used by caring physical education teachers. . Sport, Education and Society , 10 ( 2 ) : 175 – 94 .
- Lawson , H. A. 1995 . International changes and challenges: Their import for new models for practice. . Quest , 47 ( 4 ) : 411 – 26 .
- Lawson , H. A. 1997 . Children in crisis, the helping professions, and the social responsibilities of universities. . Quest , 49 ( 1 ) : 8 – 33 .
- Lawson , H. A. 1999 . Education for social responsibility: preconditions in retrospect and in prospect. . Quest , 51 ( 2 ) : 116 – 49 .
- Long , J. and Sanderson , I. 2001 . “ The social benefits of sport: where's the proof? ” . In Sport in the city: the role of sport in economic and social regeneration , Edited by: Gratton , C and Henry , I. P . 187 – 203 . London : Routledge .
- Long , J. , Welch , M. , Bramham , P. , Butterfield , J. , Hylton , K. and Lloyd , E. 2002 . Count me in: The dimensions of social inclusion through culture, media and sport , Leeds : Leeds Metropolitan University .
- Martin , A. , Fraser , J. and Sweetman , R. 2005 . Monitoring and evaluating Positive Futures, key elements: wave 6 final report , London : Home Office .
- Martinek , T. J. and Hellison , D. R. 1997 . Fostering resiliency in underserved youth through physical activity. . Quest , 49 ( 1 ) : 34 – 49 .
- Martinek , T. , Schilling , T. and Hellison , D. 2006 . The development of compassionate and caring leadership among adolescents. . Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy , 11 ( 2 ) : 141 – 57 .
- Merton , B. and Parrott , A. 1999 . Only connect: successful practice in educational work with disaffected young adults , Leicester : NIACE .
- Miller , S. C. , Bredemeier , B. J. L. and Shields , D. L. L. 1997 . Sociomoral education through physical education with at‐risk children. . Quest , 49 ( 1 ) : 114 – 129 .
- Morris , L. , Sallybanks , J. , Willis , K. and Makkai , T. 2003 . Sport, physical activity and antisocial behaviour in youth. . Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice , http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/t249.pdf
- Newburn , T. and Shiner , M. 2005 . Dealing with disaffection: young people mentoring and social inclusion , London : Willan Publishing .
- Nichols , G. 1997 . A consideration of why active participation in sport and leisure might reduce criminal behaviour. . Sport, Education and Society , 2 ( 2 ) : 181 – 190 .
- Pearson , G. 1983 . Hooligan: A history of respectable fears , Basingstoke : Macmillan .
- Pitter , R. and Andrews , D. L. 1997 . Serving America's underserved youth: reflections on sport and recreation in an emerging social problems industry. . Quest , 49 ( 1 ) : 85 – 99 .
- Priest , S. and Gass , M. 1997 . Effective leadership in adventure programming , Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
- Reid , K. 2002 . Mentoring with disaffected pupils. . Mentoring and Tutoring , 10 ( 2 ) : 153 – 69 .
- Reid , K. 2003 . An evaluation of an out–of‐school‐hours learning project in South Wales. . Mentoring and Tutoring , 11 ( 3 ) : 331 – 48 .
- Richardson , L. D. and Wolfe , M. 2001 . The principles and practice of informal education: learning through life , London : RoutledgeFalmer .
- Riley , K. A. and Rustique‐Forrester , E. 2002 . Working with disaffected students , London : Paul Chapman Publishing .
- Sandford , R. A. , Armour , K. M. and Duncombe , R. 2006 . “ Young people and the role of physical activity in enhancing personal/social development: Evaluating sustainable impact. ” . Paper presented at the British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, September, at the University of Warwick, UK
- Sandford , R. A. , Armour , K. M. and Warmington , P. C. 2006 . Re‐engaging disaffected youth through physical activity programmes. . British Educational Research Journal , 32 ( 2 ) : 251 – 271 .
- Sandford , R. , Armour , K. and Duncombe , R. 2007 . “ Physical activity and personal/social development for disaffected youth in the UK: In search of evidence. ” . In Positive Youth Development through Sport , Edited by: Holt , N . 97 – 109 . London : Routledge .
- SEU (Social Exclusion Unit) . 2000 . “ National strategy for neighbourhood renewal. Report of Policy Action Team 12: young people. ” . Social Exclusion Unity website. http://www.socialexclusionunit.gov.uk/downloaddoc.asp?id=125/
- Siedentop , D , ed. 1994 . Sport Education: quality PE through positive sport experiences , Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
- Smink , J. 2000 . “ Foreword. ” . In Defying disaffection: how schools are winning the hearts and minds of reluctant students , Edited by: Klein , R . Stoke on Trent, , UK : Trentham Books . ix
- Steer , R. 2000 . A background to youth disaffection: a review of literature and evaluation findings from work with young people , London : Community Development Foundation .
- UK Parliament . 1944 . “ Education Act. ” . London : HMSO .
- UK Parliament . 1988 . “ Education Reform Act. ” . London : HMSO .
- Warnock Report . 1978 . “ Special educational needs: report of the Committee of Enquiry into the education of handicapped children and young people. ” . London : HMSO .
- Williams , A. and Bedward , J. 2001 . Gender, culture and the generation gap: student and teacher perceptions of aspects of National Curriculum Physical Education. . Sport, Education and Society , 6 ( 1 ) : 53 – 66 .
- Wilson , B. and White , P. 2001 . Tolerance rules: identity resistance, and negotiation in an inner‐city recreation/drop in center. . Journal of Sport and Social Issues , 25 ( 1 ) : 73 – 103 .
- Youth Sport Trust/Nike . 1999 . The Girls in Sport partnership project , Institute of Youth Sport : Loughborough University .