Publication Cover
Educational Studies
A Journal of the American Educational Studies Association
Volume 54, 2018 - Issue 2
3,852
Views
28
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
FREEMAN BUTTS LECTURE

“Black Like Me”: Reframing Blackness for Decolonial Politics

REFERENCES

  • Adefarakan, T. (2011). (Re)Conceptualizing ‘Indigenous’ from anti-colonial and black feminist theoretical perspectives: Living and imagining Indigeneity differently. In G. J. S., Dei (Ed.), Indigenous philosophies and critical education: A reader (pp. 34–52). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
  • Adefarakan, T. (2015). The souls of Yoruba folk: Indigeneity, race and critical spiritual literacy in the African Diaspora. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
  • Adjei, P. B. (2013). When Blackness shows up uninvited: Examining the murder of Trayvon Martin through Fanonian racial interpellation. In. G. J. S., Dei & M. Lordan (Eds.), Contemporary issues in the sociology of race and ethnicity: A critical reader (pp. 25–41). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
  • Adjei, B. P. (2016). The (em)bodiment of Blackness in a visceral anti-Black racism and ableism context. Race and Ethnicity in Education, 1–13. doi:10.1080/13613324.2016.1248821
  • Alexander, B. K. (2006). Performing Black masculinity: Race, culture, and queer identity. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Alston, K. (2005). Knowing Blackness, becoming Blackness, valuing Blackness. In G. Yancy (Eds.), White on White/Black on Black (pp. 297–308). Oxford, UK: Rowman and Littlefield.
  • Annamma, S. A., Jackson, D. D., & Morrison, D. (2017). Conceptualizing color-evasiveness: Using dis/ability critical race theory to expand a color-blind. Race Ethnicity and Education, 147–162.
  • Asante, M. (1991). The Afrocentric idea in education. Journal of Negro Education, 60(2), 170–180. doi:10.2307/2295608
  • Asante, M. (2005). Channeling Blackness: Studies on television and race in America. London, England: Oxford University Press.
  • Asante, M. K. (2003). Afrocentricity: The theory of social change, Chicago, IL: African American Images.
  • Asante, M. K. (2005). Blackness as an ethical trope: Toward a post-Western assertion. In G. Yancy (Eds.), White on White/Black on Black (pp. 203–216). Oxford, UK: Rowman and Littlefield.
  • Asante, M. (2013). An Afrocentric manifesto: Toward an African renaissance. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Benjamin, A. (2003). The Black/Jamaican criminal: The making of ideology. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  • Biko, S. (1987). I write what I like. New York, NY: Heinemann.
  • Blackburn, F. (2005). Developing Black identity in a Black perspective in community and youth work. London, England: University of Manchester.
  • Bonilla-Silva, E. (2015). The structure of racism in color-blind, ”post-racial“ America. American Behavioral Scientist, 59(11), 1358–1376. doi:10.1177/0002764215586826
  • Browne, S. (2015). Dark matters: On the surveillance of Blackness. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Brand, D. (2001). A map to the door of no return: Notes to belonging. Toronto, Canada: Vintage Canada.
  • Carney, N. (2016). All Lives Matter, but so does race: Black Lives Matter and the evolving role of social media. Humanity & Society, 40(2), 180–199. doi:10.1177/0160597616643868
  • Carroll, K. K. (2014). An introduction to African-centered sociology: Worldview, epistemology, and social theory. Critical Sociology, 40(2) 257–270. doi:10.1177/0896920512452022
  • Cesaire, A. (1972). Discourse on colonialism. New York, NY: Monthly Review Press.
  • Coleman-King, C. (2014). The (re)making of a Black America: Tracing the racial and ethnic socialization of Caribbean American youth. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
  • Collins, P. H. (1991). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Collins, P. H. (2004). Black sexual politics: African Americans, gender, and the new racism. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Collins, P. (2006). New commodities, new consumers. Ethnicities, 6(3), 297–317. doi:10.1177/1468796806068322
  • Cooper, A. (2000). The fluid frontier: Blacks and the Detroit River Region. Canadian Review of American Studies, 30(2), 129. doi:10.3138/CRAS-s030-02-02
  • Cooper, A. (2007). Acts of resistance: Black men and women engage slavery in Upper Canada. Ontario History, 99(1), 1793–1803.
  • Crockett, D. (2008). Marketing Blackness. Journal of Consumer Culture, 8(2), 245–268. doi:10.1177/1469540508090088
  • Dabashi, H. (2013). Can non-Europeans think? London, England: Zed Books
  • da Silva, D. F. (2007). Toward a global idea of race. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
  • De Genova, N. (2002). Migrant “illegality” and deportability in everyday life. Annual Review of Anthropology, 31, 419–447. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.31.040402.085432
  • Dei, G. J. S. (1995). (Re)conceptualizing Black studies in Canada. Canadian and International Education, 24(1), 1–19.
  • Dei, G. J. S. (1996). Anti-racism education in theory and practice. Halifax, Canada: Fernwood.
  • Dei, G. J. S. (1997). Race and the production of identity in the schooling experiences of African‐Canadian youth. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 18(2), 241–257. doi:10.1080/0159630970180206
  • Dei, G. J. S. (2007). Speaking race: Silence, salience and the politics of anti-racist scholarship. In S. Hier & S. Bolaria (Eds.), Race and racism (pp. 53–66). New York, NY: Broadview Press.
  • Dei, G. J. S. (2014). The African scholar in the Western academy. Journal of Black Studies, 45(3), 167–179. doi:10.1177/0021934714525198
  • Dei, G. J. S. (2016). Indigenous philosophies, counter epistemologies and anti-colonial education. In. W. Lehman (Eds.), Education and society (pp. 190–206). London, England: Oxford University Press.
  • Dei, G. J. S. (2017a). Foreword. In A. Abdulle & A. N. Obeyesekere (Eds.), New framings on anti-racism and resistance. Volume 1 (pp. ix–xiv). Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense.
  • Dei, J. S. S. (2017b). Reframing Blackness and Black solidarities through anti-colonial and decolonial prisms. New York, NY: Springer.
  • Dei, G. J. S., & James, I. M. (1998). Becoming Black: African‐Canadian youth and the politics of negotiating racial and racialised identities. Race Ethnicity and Education, 1(1), 91–108. doi:10.1080/1361332980010107
  • Dei, G. J. S., & Vásquez Jiménez, A. (2017). The foundation of transformative anti-racism: A conversation. Canada Education, 57(3), 50–52.
  • Dillard, C. B. (2006). On spiritual strivings: Transforming and African American woman's academic life. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
  • Dillard, C. (2008). When the ground is Black, the ground is fertile: Exploring endarkened feminist epistemology and healing methodologies of the spirit. In N. Yln., Denzin, & L. T. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of critical and Indigenous methodologies (pp. 277–292). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
  • Dillard, C. (2012). Learning to (re)member the things we've learned to forget: Endarkened feminisms, spirituality and the sacred nature of research and teaching. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
  • Dugassa, B. (2011). Colonialism of mind: Deterrent of social transformation: The experiences of Oromo people in Ethiopia. Sociology Mind, 1(2), 55–64. doi:10.4236/sm.2011.12007
  • Du Bois, W. E. B. (1903). The souls of Black folk. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Ewoodzie, Z. (2014). “Don't call me Black”: Black identity, diaspora, and American dreaming in college. Retrieved from http://www.forharriet.com/2015/01/don't-call-me-black-identity.html#axzz3saaWzNvw
  • Fanon, F. (1963). The wretched of the Earth. New York, NY: Grove.
  • Fanon, F. (1967). Black skin, white masks. New York, NY: Grove.
  • Fellows, M. L., & Razack, S. (1998). The race to innocence: Confronting hierarchical relations among women. Journal of Gender, Race and Justice, 1(2), 335–352.
  • Ferber, A. (2007). The construction of Black masculinity. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 31(1), 11–24. doi:10.1177/0193723506296829
  • Foster, C. (2007). Blackness & modernity: The colour of humanity and the quest for freedom. Montreal, Canada: McGill University Press.
  • Foster, C. (2010). Keeping it real: Blacks and multiculturalism- The search for recognition and authenticity. in Canada. In C. A. Nelson (Eds.), Ebony roots, northern soil: Perspectives on Blackness in Canada (pp. 297–321). Newcastle upon Tyne, England: Cambridge Scholars.
  • Foster, M. (1997). Black teachers on teaching. New York, NY: New Press.
  • Foster, M. (2005). Diet of disparagement: The racial experiences of Black students in a predominantly White university. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 18(4), 489–505. doi:10.1080/09518390500137659
  • Garroute, E. M. (2003). Real Indians: Identity and the survival of Native America. Oakland: University of California Press, California.
  • Gilroy, P. (1993). The Black Atlantic: Modernity and double consciousness. New York, NY: Verso.
  • Griffin, R. (2012). The disgrace of commodification and shameful convenience: A critical race critique of the NBA. Journal of Black Studies, 43(2), 161–185. doi:10.1177/0021934711412182
  • Hall, S. (1992). What is this “Black” in Black popular culture? In G. Dent (Eds.), Black popular culture (pp. 21–33). Seattle, WA: Bay Press.
  • Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural representation and signifying practices. London, England: SAGE.
  • Hartman, S. (1997). Scenes of subjection: Terror, slavery, and self-making in nineteenth century America. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Henry, A. (1998). Taking back control: African Canadian women teachers' lives and practice. New York, NY: State University of New York Press.
  • hooks, b. (1992). Black looks. Boston, MA: South End Press.
  • hooks, b. (2001). Salvation: Black people and love. New York, NY: William Morrow.
  • Howes, D. (1996). “Cultural appropriation and resistance in the American SouthWest: Decommodifying Indianness”. In D. Howes (Eds.), Cross-cultural consumption: Global markets local realities (pp. 138–160). London, England: Routledge.
  • Hrarbovsky, M. (2013). The concept of Blackness in theories of race. Asian and African Studies, 22(1), 65–88.
  • Hudson, S. (2017). Indigenous and Black solidarity in practice: #BLMTOTENTCITY. In J. Newton & A. Soltani (Eds.), New framings on anti-racism and resistance: Resistance and the new futurity. Volume 2 (pp. 1–16). Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
  • Ibrahim, A. (1999). Becoming Black: Rap and hip-hop, race, gender, identity, and the politics of ESL learning. TESOL Quarterly, 33(3), 349–369. doi:10.2307/3587669
  • Ibrahim, A. (2014). The rhizome of Blackness: A critical ethnography of hip-hop culture, language, identity, and the politics of becoming. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
  • Ibrahim, A. (2017). Don't call me Black! Rhizomatic analysis Blackness, immigration, and the politics of race without guarantees. Educational Studies, 53(5), 511–521. doi:10.1080/00131946.2017.1303496
  • Jackson, R. L. (2011). Masculinity in the Black imagination: Politics of communicating race and manhood. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
  • James, C. (2012). Students “at risk”: Stereotypes and the schooling of black boys. Urban Education, 47(2), 464–494. doi:10.1177/0042085911429084
  • Johnson, E. P. (2003). Appropriating Blackness: Performance and the politics of authenticity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Johnson, E. P. (2005). The specter of the Black fag: Parody, Blackness, and hetero/homosexual b(r)others. Journal of Homosexuality, 45(2–4), 217–234. doi:10.1300/J082v45n02_10
  • Karenga, M. (1993). Introduction to Black studies (2nd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: University of Sankore Press.
  • Karenga, M., & Asante, M. (2006). Handbook of Black studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
  • Keesing, R. M. (1989). Creating the past: Custom and identity in the contemporary Pacific. Contemporary Pacific, 1(1/2), 19–42.
  • King, J. E. (2005) ( Eds.). Black Education. A transformative research and action agenda for the new century. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • King, T. (2013). In the clearing: Black female bodies, space and settler colonial landscape. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Department of American Studies.
  • King, T. (2014). Labor's Aphasia: Toward Antiblackness as constitutive to settler colonialism. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society. Retrieved from https://decolonization.wordpress.com/2014/06/10/labors-aphasia-toward-antiblackness-as-constitutive-to-settler-colonialism/
  • King, J. E. (2015). Dysconscious racism, Afrocentric praxis, and education for human freedom: Through the years I keep on toiling. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • King, J. E. (2016, November 3-5). Anti-Blackness in the academy and in community activism. Keynote address decolonizing conference on ‘Race, Anti-racism and Indigeneity: Anti-Colonial Resurgence and Anti-Colonial Resistance”. Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
  • King, J. E. (2017). Who will make America Great again? Black people, of course… International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 30(10), 946–956. doi:10.1080/09518398.2017.1312605
  • Knowles, C. (2007). Theorising race and ethnicity: Contemporary paradigms and perspectives. The SAGE handbook of race and ethnic studies (pp. 23–42). doi:10.4135/9781446200902.n3
  • Ladson-Billings, G. L. (2005). Beyond the big house: African American educators on teacher education. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
  • Ladson-Billings, L. (2009). The dreamkeepers: Successful teachers of African American children (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Lattas, A. (1993). Essentialism, memory and resistance: Aboriginality and the politics of authenticity. Oceania, 63(3), 240–267. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1993.tb02420.x
  • Lindsey, T. B. (2015). Post-Ferguson: A “herstorical” approach to Black violability. Feminist Studies, 41, 232–237. doi:10.15767/feministstudies.41.1.232
  • Marriott, D. (2000). On Black men. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
  • Marriott, D. (2007). Haunted life: Visual culture and Black modernity. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Martinez, X. (2017). From “noble savage” to “ecological Indian” Representations of Indigenous Peoples in the evolution of the (Neo) coloniality of environmental imaginaries. Unpublished comprehensive paper, Department of Social Justice Education, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
  • Mazama, M. A. (2001). The Afrocentric paradigm: Contours and definitions. Journal of Black Studies, 31(4), 387–405. doi:10.1177/002193470103100401
  • Mbembé, J.-A. (2003). Necropolitics (L. Meintjes, Trans.). Public Culture, 15(1), 11–40.
  • McClure, D. R. (2015). The “false dawn” of a settler colony: Violence, historical projections, and D.H Lawrence's assessment of the United States in the early 1920's, 55(2), 3–10.
  • McCune, Jr., J. Q. (2015). The queerness of Blackness. QED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking, 2(2), 173–176. doi:10.14321/qed.2.2.0173
  • McKittrick, K. (2006). Demonic grounds: Black women and the cartographies of struggle. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
  • McKittrick, K. (2000). Who do you talk to, when a body's in trouble? M. Nourbese Philip's (Un)silencing of Black Bodies in the Diaspora, 1(2), 223–236.
  • McKittrick, K. (2011). On plantations, prisons, and a black sense of place. Social & Cultural Geography, 12(8), 947–963. doi:10.1080/14649365.2011.624280
  • McKittrick, K. (Ed.). (2014). Sylvia Wynters: On being human as praxis. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • McKittrick, K. (2016). Rebellion/invention/groove. Small Axe, 20(1), 79–91. doi:10.1215/07990537-3481558
  • McKittrick, K., & Woods, C. (Eds.). (2007). Black geographies and the politics of place. Toronto, England: Between the Lines.
  • Melba, G. (1988). Oromia: An introduction. Khartoum, Sudan: Kirk House Publishers.
  • Méndez, X. (2016). Which Black lives matter? Radical History Review, 2016(126), 96–105. doi:10.1215/01636545-3594445
  • Mills, C. W. (1998). Blackness visible: Essays on philosophy and race. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Mudimbe, V. Y. (1988). The invention of Africa: Gnosis, philosophy, and the order of knowledge. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
  • Mutua, A. D. (2006). Progressive Black masculinities. (2006). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Nelson, C. (2010). Ebony roots, northern soil: Perspectives on Blackness in Canada. Newcastle upon Tyne, England: Cambridge Scholars.
  • Nixon, A. V. (2009). Blackness, resistance, and consciousness in dancehall culture. Black Renaissance, 92(3), 190–199.
  • Nocella, A. J., Parmar, P. S., & Stowell, D. (2014). From education to incarceration: Dismantling the school-to-prison pipeline (Counterpoints: Studies in the postmodern theory of education). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
  • Okafor, V. (1991). Diop and the African origin of civilization: An Afrocentric analysis (Book Review). Journal of Black Studies, 22(2), 252–268. doi:10.1177/002193479102200207
  • Parker, D., & Song, M. (2001). Rethinking mixed race. London, England: Pluto Press.
  • Radebe, P. (2017). Afrocentric education: What does it mean to Toronto's Black parents? Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Department of Educational Studies, University of British Columbia, UBC.
  • Raghuram, P. (2017). Personal email correspondence on a ‘Call for Papers: The ’battle of the maps’ – (Re)imagining Geographies of Knowledge Production”. January 26. Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
  • Rousseau, N. (2009). Black woman's burden: Commodifying Black reproduction. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Scharron-Del Rio, M. R., & Aja, A. A. (2015, December 5). Latino Rebels. Retrieved from http://www.latinorebels.com/2015/12/05/the-case-for-latinx-why-intersectionality-is-not-a-choice/
  • Sicherman, C. (1995). Ngugi's colonial education: The subversion of the African mind. African Studies Review, 38(3), 11–41. doi:10.2307/524791
  • Semali, L. M., & Kincheloe, J. L. (1999). What is Indigenous knowledge: Voices from the academy. New York, NY: Falmer Press.
  • Sexton, J. (2008). Amalgamation schemes: Antiblackness and the critique of multiracialism. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Sexton, J. (2010). Proprieties of coalition: Blacks, Asians, and the politics of policing. Critical Sociology, 36(1), 87–108. doi:10.1177/0896920509347142
  • Sexton, J. (2011). The social life of social death: On Afro-pessimism and Black optimism. Toronto, Canada: York University.
  • Sexton, J. (2014). Critical sociology. In The Vel of Slavery: Tracking the figure of the unsovereign (pp. 1–15). Irvine, CA: University of California Irvine.
  • Sexton, J. (2015). Unbearable Blackness. Cultural Critique, 90(1), 159–178. doi:10.5749/culturalcritique.90.2015.0159
  • Sharpe, C. (2016). In the wake: On Blackness and being. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Simpson, A. (2007). On ethnographic refusal: Indigeneity, ‘voice’ and colonial citizenship.Junctures, 9, 67–80.
  • Sium, A. (2014). Dreaming beyond the state: Centering Indigenous governance as a framework for African development. In. G. J. S., Dei & P. Adjei (Eds.), Emerging perspectives on ‘African development’: Speaking differently (pp. 63–82). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
  • Smith, A. (2006). Heteropatriarchy and the three pillars of White supremacy. In Color of violence: INCITE! Women of color against violence (pp. 66–73). Cambridge, MA: South End Press.
  • Smith, A. (2010). Indigeneity, settler colonialism & White supremacy. Global Dialogue, 12(2).
  • Smith, C. A. (2015). Blackness, citizenship, and the transnational vertigo of violence in the Americas, 117(2), 384–387.
  • Spillers, H. J. (2003). Black, White and in colour: Essays on American literature and culture. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Spillers, H. J. (2005). The idea of Black culture. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Sullivan, J. M., & Platenburg, G. N. (2017). From Black-ish to Blackness: An analysis of Black information sources’ influence on Black identity development. Journal of Black Studies, 48(3), 215–234. doi:10.1177/0021934716685845
  • Taylor, K. (2016). From #BlackLivesMatter to Black liberation. Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books.
  • Taylor, Jr, H. L., & Helfenbein, R. J. (2009). Mapping everyday: Gender, blackness, and discourse in urban contexts. Educational Studies, 45(3), 319–329. doi:10.1080/00131940902911006
  • Touré. (2011). Who's afraid of post-Blackness? What it means to be Black now. New York, NY: Free Press.
  • wa Thiong'o, N. (2017). African languages – Lifting the mask of invisibility University World News Global Edition Issue 450. Retrieved from http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20170307102246629#.WMVuJgdb7Kw.twitter
  • Walcott, R. (1999). Rhetorics of blackness, rhetorics of belonging: The politics of representation in black Canadian expressive culture. Canadian Review of American Studies, 29(2), 1. doi:10.3138/CRAS-029-02-01
  • Walcott, R. (2000). Rude: Contemporary Black Canadian cultural criticism. Toronto, Canada: Insomniac Press.
  • Walcott, R. (2002). The struggle for happiness: Commodified Black masculinities, vernacular culture, and homoerotic desires. In P. Trifonas (Eds.), Pedagogies of difference: Rethinking education for social change (pp. 131–146). London, England: Falmer Press.
  • Walcott, R. (2003). Black like who? Writing Black Canada (2nd ed.). Toronto, Canada: Insomniac Press.
  • Walcott, R. (2009). Reconstructing manhood; or, The drag of Black masculinity. Small Axe, 13(1), 75–89. doi:10.1215/07990537-2008-007
  • Wolfe, P. (2006). Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native. Journal of Genocide Research, 8(4), 387–409. doi:10.1080/14623520601056240
  • Wright, M. M. (2004). Becoming Black: Creating identity in the African diaspora. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Wright, H. K. (2012). Is this an African I see before me? Black/African identity and the politics of (Western), academic knowledge. In H. Wright & A. Abdi (Eds.), The dialectics of African education and Western discourses: Appropriation, ambivalence and alternatives (pp. 180–192). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
  • Wright, H. K. (2016). Stuart Hall's relevance for the study of African Blackness. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 19(1), 85–99. doi:10.1177/1367877915599613
  • Wynter, S. (1998). Black aesthetic. In Kelly, M. (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Aesthetics. Volume. 1 (pp. 274–281). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Wynter, S. (2001). Towards the sociogenic principle: Fanon, identity, the puzzle of conscious experience, and what it is like to be “Black.” In M. F. Durán-Cogan & A. Gómez-Moriana (Eds.), National identities and socio-political changes in Latin America (pp. 30–66). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Yancy, G. (2005). Whiteness and the return of the Black body. Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 19(4), 215–241. doi:10.1353/jsp.2006.0008
  • Young, H. (2010). Embodying Black experience: Stillness, critical memory, and the Black body. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
  • Zeleza, P. T. (2006). The inventions of African identities and languages: The discursive and developmental implications. In A., Olaoba & M. Pemberton (Eds.), Selected proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference on African Linguistics (pp. 4–26). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.