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Original Articles

Nerve Gas to the Northwest and Beyond

Pages 111-140 | Published online: 02 Sep 2009

References

  • U.S. Army Information Brochure for Relocation of Chemical Munitions 9 undated
  • Hearings Before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations . 91st Cong., 1st Sess. (1969), Biological and Chemical Warfare . pp. 5
  • 9 U.S. Army Information Brochure, supra note 1
  • U.S. Army Information Brochure
  • Hersh , S. 1969 . Chemical and Biological Warfare: America's Hidden Arsenal 3
  • Aug. 1969 . L. A. Times Aug. , 14
  • H. R. Rep. No. 91–522, 91st Cong., 1st Sess. (1969), Authorizing Appropriations for Military Procurement, Research and Development, Fiscal Year 1970, and for Other Purposes 78–79
  • McCarthy , R. 1969 . ) . The Ultimate Folly , 4 : 5
  • Meselson , M. 1970 . Sci. Amer. , 222 : 18
  • May 1 1970 . May 1 , Letter from Surgeon General Jesse Steinfeld to Governor Daniel J. Evans
  • July 22 1969 . N. Y. Times July 22 ,
  • 1968 . Science , 162 : 1460
  • . Hearings Before the House Conservation and Natural Resources Subcommittee . 91st Cong., 1st Sess . pp. 122 Environmental Dangers of Open-Air Testing of Lethal Chemicals
  • Id. at 130
  • Brodine , V. , Gaspar , P. and Pollman , A. 1969 . Environment , 11 : 6
  • McCarthy , R. 110 – 11 . op. cit. supra note 8
  • 113 – 29 . Hearings, supra note 13
  • McCarthy , R. 102 op. cit. supra note 8
  • op. cit. supra
  • Id. at 103
  • . Hearings Before the House Subcommittee on International Organizations and Movements . 91st Cong., 1st Sess. . International Implications of Dumping Poisonous Gas and Waste in Oceans.
  • Id. at 27
  • June 27 1969 . Cong. Rec. June 27 , H. 5365
  • Meselson , D. 16 supra note 9
  • Zolla , S. 1970 . Scientists' Institute for Public Information Workbook: Environmental Effects of Weapons Technology 8 – 9 .
  • 1969 . 83 Stat. 204
  • 1969 . 22 H. Rep. No. 91–607, 91st Cong., 1st Sess
  • 83 Stat. 209(1969), Sec. 409
  • 22 H. Rep. No. 91–607, supra note 27
  • March 25 1969 . Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents March 25 , 1659 Statement by the President
  • Id. at 1660
  • Feb. 14 1970 . Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents Feb. 14 , 179 Statement by the President
  • April 26 1970 . April 26 ,
  • Ibid.
  • 1970 . Seattle Times , April 30 : 2
  • U.S. Army . 1970 . Operation Red Hat , Ann. E . App. 4, P3
  • 1970 . Daily Olympian , April 15
  • The sources for the conclusions in text are internal memoranda from the files of Governor Evans
  • The sources for the conclusions in text are internal memoranda from the files of Governor Evans
  • The sources for the conclusions in text are internal memoranda from the files of Governor Evans
  • Especially bitter was Wendell Wyatt, a leading GOP Congressman and two-time Nixon Chairman in Oregon, who wrote to the White House to express his displeasure over the handling of the announcement, noting that his own credibility with the press as a confidant of the administration had been impaired and that the failure to give McCall the credit he deserved might well be fatal to his re-election campaign. Congressman Wyatt offers one explanation of the nation's determination to retain its CBW arsenal: “It is my firm opinion that someone at a lower level in the defense establishment has made the decision that it is necessary to retain those gases in our retaliatory arsenal and this decision has been rubber-stamped all the way to the top.” Letter to author, July 2, 1970
  • Environmental Defense Fund v. Resor The report was submitted to the court as part of the record in Civ. No. 2394–70 (D.D.C. 1970)
  • Report 4
  • May 15 1970 . Follow-up Report on Implementation of “Report of the Technical Group to Investigate Disposal Hazards of Certain Chemical Munitions” May 15 , 7 (emphasis added)
  • Affidavit 3 submitted to the court in Environmental Defense Fund v. Resor, supra, note 43
  • Id. at 4, citing the transcript of Hearings on Ocean Dumping of Nerve Gas Before the House Subcommittee on Oceanography (1970), August, in manuscript
  • Ibid.
  • Ibid.
  • Carter , L. 1970 . Science , 169 : 1298
  • Nov. 13 1970 . Working Group on Ocean Dumping of Chemical Munitions Nov. 13 , 1 Second Report of USDI
  • See Hearings, supra note 46, in manuscript
  • Carter , L. See supra note 49, at 1298
  • Gardner , G. supra note 45, p. 6, citing the affidavits of five scientists
  • Council on Environmental Quality . 1970 . Ocean Dumping: A National Policy
  • Brown , J. 1970 . Probing the Law and Beyond: A Quest for Public Protection from the Hazardous Product Catastrophies . G. Wash. Law Rev. , 38 : 431 – 32 .
  • Based on information supplied to the Hon. Charles Conrad by the California Railroad Ass'n, Sept. 4, 1969
  • Based on statement of M. S. Felter (undated), legislative representative for the Railway Carriers Union (Washington State)
  • June 22 1970 . N. Y. Times June 22 , 62
  • May 23 1970 . Seattle Times May 23 , 1 (quoting Senator Mike Gravel)
  • Johnson Island in the Pacific has been prominently mentioned

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