82
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Exercise testing in children: an alternative approach

, , &
Pages 1593-1602 | Published online: 10 Nov 2010

References

  • ARMSTRONG , N. and WELSMAN , J. R. 1994 . Assessment and interpretation of aerobic fitness in children and adolescents . Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews , 22 : 435 – 476 .
  • AUCHINCLOSS , H. L. , GILBERT , R. and BAULE , G. H. 1966 . EVect of ventilation on oxygen transfer during early exercise . Journal of Applied Physiology , 21 : 810 – 818 .
  • BEAVER , W. L. , LAMARRA , N. and WASSERMAN , K. 1981 . Breath-by-breath measurement of true alveolar gas exchange . Journal of Applied Physiology , 51 : 1662 – 1675 .
  • BEAVER , W. L. , WASSERMAN , K. and WHIPP , B. J. 1973 . On-line computer analysis and breathby-breath graphical display of exercise function tests . Journal of Applied Physiology , 34 : 128 – 132 .
  • BENNETT , F. M. , REISCHL , P. , GRODINS , F. S. , YAMASHIRO , S. M. and FORDYCE , W. E. 1981 . Dynamics of ventilatory response to exercise in humans . Journal of Applied Physiology , 51 : 194 – 203 .
  • CHICHARRO , J. L. , CALVO , F. , ALVAREZ , J. , VAQUERO , A. F. , BANDRES , F. and LEGIDO , J. C. 1995 . Anaerobic threshold in children: determination from saliva analysis in field tests . European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology , 70 : 541 – 544 .
  • COOPER , D. M. 1994 . Evidence for and mechanisms of exercise modulation of growth—an overview . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 26 : 733 – 740 .
  • COOPER , D. M. 1995 . Rethinking exercise testing in children: a challenge . American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 152 : 1154 – 1157 .
  • DUNCAN , G. E. , MAHON , A. D. , HOWE , C. A. and DEL CORRAL , P. 1996 . Plateau in oxygen uptake at maximal exercise in male children . Pediatric Exercise Science , 8 : 77 – 86 .
  • EβFELD , D. , HOFFMANN , U. and STEGEMANN , J. 1987 . O2 kinetics in subjects diVering in aerobic capacity: investigation by spectral analysis V . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 56 : 508 – 515 .
  • GODFREY , S. 1974 . Exercise Testing in Children: Applications in Health and Disease , London : W. B. Saunders .
  • HOFFMANN , U. , EβFELD , D. , WUDERLICH , H. and STEGEMANN , J. 1994a, VO2 kinetics determined by PRBS-technique and sinusoidal testing . Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie , 3 57 – 60 .
  • HOFFMANN , U. , EβFELD , D. , LEYK , D. , WUDERLICH , H. and STEGEMANN , J. 1994b . Prediction of individual oxygen uptake on-step transients from frequency responses . European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology , 69 : 93 – 97 .
  • HUGHSON , R. L. , WINTER , D. A. , PATLA , A. E. , SWANSON , G. D. and CUERVO , L. A. 1990 . Investigation of VO2 kinetics in humans with pseudorandom binary sequence work rate change . Journal of Applied Physiology , 68 : 796 – 801 .
  • KERLIN , T. W. 1974 . “ Properties of important test signals ” . In Frequency Response Testing in Nuclear Testing , 52 – 82 . New York : Academic Press .
  • KUSENBACH , G. , WIECHING , R. , BARKER , M. , HOFFMANN , U. and EβFELD , D. 1999 . EVects of hyperoxia on oxygen uptake kinetics in cystic fibrosis patients as determined by pseudorandom binary sequence exercise . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 79 : 192 – 196 .
  • KUSENBACH , G. , WIECHING , R. , BARKER , M. , HOFFMANN , U. , EβFELD , D. and HEIMANN , G. 1994 . Exercise testing with pseudo-random binary sequences of work load in children and adolescents . European Respiratory Journal , 7 : 233S
  • LAMARRA , N. , WHIPP , B. J. , WARD , S. A. and WASSERMAN , K. 1987 . EVect of interbreath fluctuations on characterising exercise gas exchange kinetics . Journal of Applied Physiology , 62 : 2003 – 2012 .
  • MARVEN , S. S. , SMITH , C. M. , CLAXTON , D. B. , CHAPMAN , J. H. , DAVIES , H. A. , PRIMHAK , R. A. and POWELL , C. V. E. 1998 . Pulmonary function, exercise performance, and growth in survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia . Archives of Diseases in Childhood , 78 : 137 – 142 .
  • MAXWELL , B. F. , WITHERS , R. T. , ILSLEY , A. H. , WAKIM , M. J. , WOODS , G. F. and DAY , L. 1998 . Dynamic calibration of mechanically, air- and electromagnetically braked cycle ergometers . European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology , 78 : 346 – 352 .
  • PFITZINGER , P. and FREEDSON , P. 1997 . Blood lactate responses to exercise in children: Part 2. Lactate threshold . Pediatric Exercise Science , 9 : 299 – 307 .
  • POTTER , C. R. , CHILDS , D. J. , HOUGHTON , W. and ARMSTRONG , N. 1999 . Breath-to-breath ‘noise’ in the ventilatory and gas exchange responses of children to exercise . European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology , 80 : 118 – 124 .
  • RIVERA-BROWN , A. M. , RIVERA , M. A. and FRONTERA , W. R. 1992 . Applicability of criteria for VO2 max in active adolescents . Pediatric Exercise Science , 4 : 331 – 339 .
  • ROBINSON , S. 1938 . Experimental studies of physical fitness in relation to age . Internationale Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Physiologie Einschliesslich Arbeitphysiologie , 10 : 251 – 323 .
  • ROWLAND , T. W. 1996 . On buying a used car, or, reflections on Dr. Cooper's opus . Pediatric Exercise Science , 8 : 189 – 192 .
  • ROWLAND , T. W. 1998 . The case of the elusive denominator . Pediatric Exercise Science , 10 : 1 – 5 .
  • ROWLAND , T. W. and CUNNINGHAM , L. N. 1992 . Oxygen uptake plateau during maximal treadmill exercise in children . Chest , 101 : 485 – 489 .
  • ROWLAND , T. W. , VANDERBURGH , P. M. and CUNNINGHAM , L. 1997 . Body size and the growth of maximal aerobic power in children: a longitudinal analysis . Pediatric Exercise Science , 9 : 262 – 274 .
  • SWANSON , G. D. 1980 . “ Breath-to-breath considerations for gas exchange kinetics ” . In Exercise Bioenergetics and Gas Exchange , Edited by: Cerretelli , P. and Whipp , B. J. 211 – 222 . rdam : North-Holland Medical Press Elsevier .
  • SWANSON , G. D. and SHERRILL , D. L. 1983 . A model evaluation of estimates of breath-to-breath alveolar gas exchange . Journal of Applied Physiology , 55 : 1936 – 1941 .
  • TANNER , J. M. 1962 . Growth at Adolescence , 2nd ed , Oxford : Blackwell Scientific .
  • TAYLOR , A. E. , REHDER , K. , HYATT , R. E. and PARKER , J. C. 1989 . Clinical Respiratory Physiology , Philadelphia, PA : Saunders .
  • TSCHAKOVSKY , M. E. and HUGHSON , R. L. 1999 . Interaction of factors determining oxygen uptake at the onset of exercise . Journal of Applied Physiology , 86 : 1101 – 1113 .
  • WASHINGTON , R. L. 1993 . “ Anaerobic threshold ” . In Pediatric Laboratory Exercise Testing , Edited by: Rowland , T. W. 115 – 129 . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics Books .
  • WASSERMAN , K. , HANSEN , J. E. , SUE , D. J. and WHIPP , B. J. 1987 . Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation , 1st ed , Philadelphia, PA : Lea and Febiger .
  • WHIPP , B. J. 1987 . Dynamics of pulmonary gas exchange . Circulation , 76 : 18 – 28 . Suppl. VI
  • WHIPP , B. J. and WARD , S. A. 1990 . Physiological determinants of pulmonary gas exchange kinetics during exercise . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 22 : 62 – 71 .
  • WHIPP , B. J. and WASSERMAN , K. 1972 . Oxygen uptake kinetics for various intensities of constant load work . Journal of Applied Physiology , 33 : 351 – 356 .
  • WHIPP , B. J. , DAVIS , J. A. , TORRES , F. and WASSERMAN , K. 1981 . A test to determine parameters of aerobic function during exercise . Journal of Applied Physiology , 50 : 217 – 221 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.