Water and electrolyte balance in workers exposed to a hot environment during their work shift∗

References

• ADOLPH , E. F. , 1939 , Measurements of water drinking in dogs . American Journal of Physiology , 125 , 75 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• ADOLPH , E. F. , and DILL , D. B. , 1938 , Observations on water metabolism in the desert . American Journal of Physiology , 123 , 369 – 378 .
   Google Scholar
• BASS , D. E. , and HENSCHEL , A. , 1956 , Responses of body fluids compartments to heat and cold . Physiological Reviews , 36 , 128 – 144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BEAN , W. B. , and EICHNA , L. W. , 1943 , Performance in relation to environmental temperature . Reactions of norma] young men to simulated desert environment . Federation Proceedings , 2 , 144 – 158 .
   Google Scholar
• BLACK , D. A. K. , MCCANCE , R. A. , and YOUNG , W. F. , 1944 , A study of dehydration by means of balance experiments . Journal of Physiology , 102 , 406 – 414 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BURTON , A. G. , 1935 , Human calorimetry. II. The average temperature of the tissues of the body . Journal of Nutrition , 9 , 261 – 280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BUSKIRK , E. R. , IAMPIETRO , P. F. , and BASS , D. E. , 1958 , Work performance after dehydration effects of physical condition and heat acclimatization . Journal of Applied Physiology , 12 , 186 – 194 .
   Google Scholar
• DILL , D. B. , BOCK , A. V. , EDWARDS , H. T , and KENNEDY , P. H. , 1936 , Industrial fatigue . Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology , 18 , 417 – 431 .
   Google Scholar
• DILL , D. B. , and COSTTLL , D. L. , 1974 , Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma and red cells in dehydration . Journal of Applied Physiology , 37 , 247 – 248 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DRABKIN , D. L. , and AUSTIN , J. E. , 1935 , Spectrophotometric studies. II. Preparations from washed blood cells; nitric oxide hemoglobin and sulfhemoglobin . Journal of Biological Chemistry , 112 , 51 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• GERTNER , A. , 1980 , Accumulated effects of work under heat stress . Ph.D. thesis , Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel ( in Hebrew ).
   Google Scholar
• GREENLEAF , J. E. , AVERKIN , E. F. , and SARGENT , F. , II , 1966 , Water consumption by man in a warm environment . A statistical analysis . Journal of Applied Physiology , 1 , 93 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• GREENLEAF , J. E. , BROCK , P. J. , KEIL , L. C , and MORSE , J. T. , 1983 , Drinking and water balance during exercise and heat acclimation . Journal of Applied Physiology Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology , 54 , 414 – 419 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GREENLEAF , J. E. , and SARGENT , F. , II , 1965 , Voluntary dehydration in man . Journal of Applied Physiology , 4 , 719 – 724 .
   Google Scholar
• HARDY , J. D. , and DuBoIS , E. F. , 1938 , The technique of measuring radiation and convection . Journal of Nutrition , 15 , 461 – 475 .
   Google Scholar
• HERTZMAN , A. B. , and FERGUSON , J. P. , 1960 . Failure in temperature regulation during progressive dehydration . United States Armed Forces Medical Journal , 11 , 542 – 548 .
   Google Scholar
• KOZLOWSKI , S. , and SALTIN , B. , 1964 , Effect of sweat loss on body fluids . Journal of Applied Physiology , 19 , 1119 – 1124 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MALHOTRA , M. S. , SRIDHARAN , K. , and VENKATASWANY , J. , 1976 , Potassium losses in sweat under heat stress . Aviation, Spaceand Environmental Medicine , 5 , 503 – 504 .
   Google Scholar
• NIELSEN , B. , and NIELSON , M. , 1965 , Influence of passive and active heating on the temperature regulation of man . Acta Physiologica Scandinavica , 64 , 323 – 331 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PITTS , G. G. , JOHNSON , R. E. , and CONSOLAZIO , F. C , 1944 , Work in the heat as affected by intake of water, salt and glucose . American Journal of Physiology , 142 , 253 – 259 .
   Google Scholar
• ROBINSON , D. , and ROBINSON , A. H. , 1954 , Chemical composition of sweat . Physiological Reviews , 34 , 202 – 220 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROTHSTBIN , A. , ADOLPH , E. F. , and WILLIS , J. H. , 1947 , Voluntary dehydration . In Physiology of. Man in the Desert ( Edited by E. F. ADOLPH and associates ) ( New York INTERSCIENCE ), pp. 254 – 270 .
   Google Scholar
• SALTIN , B. , 1964 a , Aerobic and anaerobic work capacity after dehydration . Journal of Applied Physiology , 6 , 1114 – 1118 .
   Google Scholar
• SALTIN , B. , 1964 b , Response to submaximal and maximal exercise after thermal dehydration . Journal of Applied Physiology , 6 , 1125 – 1132 .
   Google Scholar
• SCHMIDT-NIELSEN , B. , SCHMIDT-NIELSEN , K. , HOUPT , T. R. , and JARNUM , S. A. , 1956 , Water balance of the camel . American Journal of Physiology , 185 , 185 – 194 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHWARTZ , I. L. , and THAYSEN , J. H. , 1956 , Excretion of sodium and potassium in human sweat . Journal of Clinical Investigations , 35 , 114 – 120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPIOCH , F. M. , NORWARA , M. , RDUCH , W. , KOBZA , R. , and KLEPACKI , J. , 1969 , Electrolytes content in the sweat of men working in heat . Acta Physiologica Polonica , 6 , 817 – 819 .
   Google Scholar
• STRYDOM , N. B. , and HOLDSWORTH , L. D. , 1968 , The effects of different levels of water deficit on physiological responses during heat stress . Internationale Zeitschrifit Angewandte Physio-logie , 26 , 95 – 102 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• STRYDOM , N. B. , MORRISON , J. F. , BOOYENS , J. , and PETER , J. , 1956 . Comparison of oral and rectal temperatures during work in heat . Journal of Applied Physiology , 8 , 406 – 408 .
   Google Scholar
• TOOR , M. , AGMON , J. , ZAVAW , I. , WURZEL , M. , and ROSENFELD , J. B. , 1967 , Potassium depletion in permanent inhabitants of hot areas . Israel Journal of Medical Sciences , 3 , 149 – 151 .
   Google Scholar
• WEICHSELBAUM , T. E. , 1946 , Accurate and rapid method for the determination of proteins in small amounts of blood serum and plasma . American Journal of Clinical Pathology , 7 , 40 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• YAGLOU , C. P. , and MINARD , D. , 1972 , Criteria for a recommended standard—occupational exposure to hot environments . U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Publication No. HSM 72-10269 ( Washington , D.C. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE ).
   Google Scholar
• ∗ This study was part of A. Gertner's Ph.D. research dissertation.
   Google Scholar