Are there health effects of harassment in the workplace? A gender-sensitive study of the relationships between work and neck pain

References

• Ariëns , G. A. 2000 . Physical risk factors for neck pain . Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health , 26 : 7 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ariëns , G. A. 2001a . Are neck flexion, neck rotation, and sitting at work risk factors for neck pain? Results of a prospective cohort study . Occupational and Environmental Medicine , 58 : 200 – 207 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ariëns , G. A. 2001b . High quantitative job demands andlow coworker support as risk factors for neck pain: results of a prospective cohort study . Spine , 26 : 1896 – 1901 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ariëns , G. A. 2001c . Psychosocial risk factors for neck pain: a systematic review . American Journal of Industrial Medicine , 39 : 180 – 193 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ariëns , G. A. 2002 . High physical and psychosocial load at work and sickness absence due to neck pain . Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health , 28 : 222 – 231 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong , P. and Armstrong , H. 1994 . The double ghetto: Canadian women and their segregated work , third edition , Toronto : McCllelland & Stewart .
   Google Scholar
• Ballard , T. J. 2006 . Self-perceived health and mental health among women flight attendants . Occupational and Environmental Medicine , 63 ( 1 ) : 33 – 38 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergqvist , U. 1995 . Musculoskeletal disorders among visual display terminal workers: individual, ergonomic, and work organisational factors . Ergonomics , 38 : 763 – 776 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard , B. 1994 . Job task and psychosocial risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders among newspaper employees . Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health , 20 : 417 – 426 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard . 1997 . Musculoskeletal disorders and workplace factors: a critical review of epidemiologic evidence for work-related MSD of the neck, upper extremity and low back , Cincinnati, OH : NIOSH, US Department of Health and Human Services .
   Google Scholar
• Bongers , P. M. 2006 . Epidemiology of work related neck and upper limb problems: psychosocial and personal risk factors . Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation , 16 ( 3 ) : 279 – 302 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bovenzi , M. 1991 . Occupational musculoskeletal disorders in the neck and upper limbs of forestry workers exposed to hand-arm vibration . Ergonomics , 34 : 547 – 562 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyer , R. 1993 . Psychological distress in a non-institutionalized population of Quebec: normative results of the Quebec health survey . Canadian Journal Psychiatry , 38 : 339 – 343 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt , L. P. 2004 . Neck and shoulder symptoms and disorders among Danish computer workers . Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health , 303 : 99 – 409 .
   Google Scholar
• Brisson , C. 1998 . Reliability and validity of the French version of the 18-item Karasek Job Content Questionnaire . Work and Stress , 12 : 322 – 336 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brisson , C. 1999 . Effect of family responsibilities andjob strain on ambulatory blood pressure among white-collar women . Psychosomatic Medicine , 61 : 205 – 213 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bru , E. , Mykletun , R.J. and Svebak , S. 1994 . Assessment of musculoskeletal and other health complaints in female hospital staff . Applied Ergonomics , 25 : 101 – 105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camirand , J. 1993 . Rapport de la mi-enquête: analyse et demande de tableaux , Groupe environnement social,Montréal, Canada : Enquête Santé Québec 1992–1993 .
   Google Scholar
• Christensen , J. O. and Knardahl , S. 2010 . Work and neck pain: a prospective study of psychological, social and mechanical risk factors . Pain , 151 : 162 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Côté , P. , Cassidy , J. D. and Carroll , L. 1998 . The Saskatchewan Health and Back Pain Survey. The prevalence of neck pain and related disability in Saskatchewan adults . Spine , 23 : 1689 – 1698 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Côté , P. , Cassidy , J. D. and Carroll , L. 2000 . The factors associated with neck pain and its related disability in the Saskatchewan population . Spine , 25 : 1109 – 1117 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Côté , P. 2008 . Bone and Joint Decade 2000–2010 TaskForce on Neck Pain and its Associated Disorders. The burden and determinants of neck pain in workers: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000–2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and its Associated Disorders . Spine , 3 : S60 – S74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courville , J. , Vézina , N. and Messing , K. 1991 . Comparison of the work activity of a two mechanics: a woman and aman . International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics , 7 : 163 – 174 .
   Google Scholar
• Croft , P. R. 2001 . Risk factors for neck pain: a longitudinal study in the general population . Pain , 93 : 317 – 325 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daveluy , C. 2001 . Méthodes. In: Enquête sociale et de santé 1998, 2nd edition , Montréal : Institut de la statistique du Québec, 57–63 . Available from: http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/publications/sante/pdf/e_soc98v2.pdf [Accessed 5 July 2011]
   Google Scholar
• Deeney , C. and O'Sullivan , L. 2009 . Work related psychosocial risks and musculoskeletal disorders: potential risk factors, causation and evaluation methods . Work , 34 : 239 – 248 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Zwart , B. C. , Frings-Dresen , M. H. and Kilbom , A. 2001 . Gender differences in upper extremity musculoskeletal complaints in the working population . International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health , 74 : 21 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksen , W. 1999 . Job Characteristics as predictors of neck pain: a 4-year prospective study . Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine , 41 : 893 – 902 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faucett , J. 2005 . Integrating ‘psychosocial’ factors into a theoretical model for work-related musculoskeletal disorders . Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Sciences , 6 : 531 – 550 .
   Google Scholar
• Greenspan , J. D. 2007 . Consensus Working Group of the Sex, Gender, and Pain SIG of the IASP. Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report . Pain , 132 : S26 – S45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guez , M. 2002 . The prevalence of neck pain: a population-based study from northern Sweden . Acta Orthopedica Scandinavica , 73 : 455 – 459 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagberg , M. 1995 . Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD): a reference book for prevention , London, UK : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar
• Hägg , G.M. 1991 . “ Static work load and occupational myalgia ” . In Electromyographical kinesiology , Edited by: Anderson , P.A. , Hobart , D.J. and Danoff , J.V. 141 – 144 . Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. .
   Google Scholar
• Hales , T. R. 1994 . Musculoskeletal disorders among visual display terminal users in a telecommunications company . Ergonomics , 37 : 1603 – 1621 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson , G. A. 2000 . Impact of physical exposure on neck and upper limb disorders in female workers . Applied Ergonomics , 31 : 301 – 310 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harcombe , H. 2010 . Physical and psychosocial risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in New Zealand nurses, postal workers and office workers . Injury Prevention , 16 : 96 – 100 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg-Johnson , S. 2008 . Bone and Joint Decade 2000–2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its AssociatedDisorders. The burden and determinants ofneck pain in the general population: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000–2010 Task Force on NeckPain and Its Associated Disorders . Spine , 33 : S39 – S51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holm , L. W. 2008 . The burden and determinants ofneck pain in whiplash-associated disorders after trafficcollisions: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000–2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders . Spine , 33 : S52 – S59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holte , K. A. and Westgaard , R. H. 2002 . Further studies of shoulder and neck pain and exposures in customer service work with low biomechanical demands . Ergonomics , 45 : 887 – 909 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosmer , D. W. and Lemeshow , S. 2000 . Applied logistic regression , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Ignatius , Y. T. , Yee , T. Y. and Yan , L. T. 1993 . Self reported musculoskeletal problems amongst typist and possible risk factors . Journal of Human Ergology (Tokyo) , 22 : 83 – 93 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques . 1991 . Enquête sur l’emploi 1991: Questionnaire complémentaire sur les conditions du travail , France : Ministère de l’emploi et de la formation professionnelle .
   Google Scholar
• Jensen , C. 2003 . Development of neck and hand-wrist symptoms in relation to duration of computer use at work . Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health , 29 : 197 – 205 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson , H. and Sojka , P. 1991 . Pathophysiological mechanisms involved in genesis and spread of muscular tension in occupational muscle pain and in chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes: a hyphothesis . Medical Hyphotheses , 35 : 196 – 203 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson , J. A. 1995 . Psychosocial work factors, physical work load and associated musculoskeletal symptoms among home care workers . Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , 36 : 113 – 129 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson , J. A. and Rubenowitz , S. 1994 . Risk indicators in the psychosocial and physical work environment for work-related neck, shoulder and low back symptoms: astudy among blue- and white-collar workers in eight companies . Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine , 26 : 131 – 142 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnston , V. 2010 . Interactive effects from self-reported physical and psychosocial factors in the workplace on neck pain and disability in female office workers . Ergonomics , 53 ( 4 ) : 502 – 513 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Josephson , M. 1999 . Differences in the association between psychosocial work conditions and physical work load in female- and male-dominated occupations. MUSIC-Norrtalje Study Group . American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal , 60 : 673 – 678 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Julien , M. , Julien , D. and Lafontaine , P. 2000 . “ Environnement de soutien ” . In Enquête sociale et de santé 1998 , 2nd edition , 499 – 522 . Montréal : Institut de la statistique du Québec . Available from: http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/publications/sante/pdf/e_soc98v2-9.pdf [Accessed 5 July 2011]
   Google Scholar
• Kamwendo , K. , Linton , S. J. and Moritz , U. 1991 . Neck and shoulder disorders in medical secretaries. Part I. Pain prevalence and risk factors . Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine , 23 : 127 – 133 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karasek , R. 1985 . Job content questionnaire and user's guide , Los Angeles : University of Southern California, Department of Industrial and System Engineering .
   Google Scholar
• Karlqvist , L. 2002 . Self-reported working conditions of VDU operators and associations with musculoskeletal symptoms: a cross-sectional study focussing on gender differences . International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics , 30 : 277 – 294 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karsh , B. 2006 . Theories of work-related musculoskeletal disorders: implications for ergonomic interventions . Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science , 7 ( 1 ) : 71 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• Kauppinen , K. and Tuomola , T. 2008 . “ Work-related violence, bullying, and sexual harassment ” . In Promoting health for working women , Edited by: Linos , A. and Kirch , W. 161 – 182 . New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Kerr , M. S. 2001 . Biomechanical and psychosocial risk factors for low back pain at work . American Journal of Public Health , 91 : 1069 – 1075 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korhonen , T. 2003 . Work related and individual predictors for incident neck pain among office employees working with video display units . Occupational and Environmental Medicine , 60 : 475 – 482 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieger , N. 2008 . The inverse hazard law: blood pressure, sexual harassment, racial discrimination, workplace abuse and occupational exposures in US low-income black, white and Latino workers . Social Science & Medicine , 67 : 1970 – 1981 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuorinka , I. 1987 . Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms . Applied Ergonomics , 18 : 233 – 237 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larocque , B. , Brisson , C. and Blanchette , C. 1998 . Internal consistency, factorial validity and discriminant validity of the French version of the psychological demands and decision latitude scales of the Karasek ‘Job Content Questionnaire’ . Revue Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique , 96 : 371 – 381 .
   Google Scholar
• Leclerc , A. 1999 . One-year predictive factors for various aspects of neck disorders . Spine , 24 : 1455 – 1462 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leroyer , A. 2006 . Neck, shoulder, and hand and wristpain among administrative employees: relation to work-time organization and psychosocial factors at work . Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , 48 : 326 – 333 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luime , J. J. 2004 . Work-related risk factors for the incidence and recurrence of shoulder and neck complaints among nursing-home and elderly-care workers . Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment andHealth , 30 : 279 – 286 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean , S. M. 2010 . Risk factors for the onset of non-specific neck pain: a systematic review . Epidemiology and Community Health , 64 ( 7 ) : 565 – 572 .
   Google Scholar
• MacDonald , L. A. 2001 . Covariation between workplace physical and psychosocial stressors: evidence and implications for occupational health research and prevention . Ergonomics , 44 : 696 – 718 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mäkelä , M. 1991 . Prevalence, determinants, and consequences of chronic neck pain in Finland . American Journal of Epidemiology , 134 : 1356 – 1367 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massaccesi , M. 2003 . Investigation of work-related disorders in truck drivers using RULA method . Applied Ergonomics , 34 : 303 – 307 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messing , K. and Elabidi , D. 2003 . Desegregation and occupational health: how male and female hospital attendants collaborate on work tasks requiring physical effort . Policy and Practice in Health and Safety , 1 : 83 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Messing , K. and Stellman , J. M. 2005 . Sex, gender and women's occupational health: the importance of considering mechanism . Environmental Research , 101 : 149 – 162 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messing , K. , Stock , S. and Tissot , F. 2009 . Should studies of risk factors for MSDs be stratified by gender? Lessons from analyses of musculoskeletal disorders among respondents to the Québec Health Survey . Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health , 35 ( 2 ) : 96 – 112 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messing , K. 1998 . Sex as a variable can be a surrogate for some working conditions: factors associated with sickness absence . Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , 40 : 250 – 260 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messing , K. 2003 . Be the fairest of them all: challenges and recommendations for the treatment of gender in occupational health research . American Journal of Industrial Medicine , 43 : 618 – 629 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miranda , H. 2011 . Violence at the workplace increases the risk of musculoskeletal pain among nursing home workers . Occupational and Environmental Medicine , 68 : 52 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon S. D. Sauter S.L Beyond biomechanics: Psychological aspects of musculoskeletal disorders Taylor and Francis London: UK & Bristol, PA, USA 1996
   Google Scholar
• National Research Council . 2001 . Musculoskeletal disorders and the workplace: low back and upper extremities , Washington DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Palmer , K. T. 2001 . Prevalence and occupational associations of neck pain in the British population . Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health , 27 : 49 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paoli , P. 1997 . Second European Survey on Working Conditions in the European Union , Dublin, Republic of Ireland : European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions . Available from: http://www.eurofound.eu/publications/htmlfiles/ef9726.htm [Accessed 5 July 2011]
   Google Scholar
• Parent-Thirion , A. 2007 . Fourth European Working Conditions Survey , Dublin, Republic of Ireland : European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions .
   Google Scholar
• Pietri-Taleb , F. 1994 . Longitudinal study on the role of personality characteristics and psychological distress in neck trouble among working men . Pain , 58 : 261 – 267 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porro , C. A. 2002 . Does anticipation of pain affect cortical nociceptive systems? . Journal of Neurosciences , 22 : 3206 – 3214 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Punnett , L. and Herbert , R. 2000 . “ Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: is there a gender differential, and if so, what does it mean? ” . In Women and health , Edited by: Goldman , M. B. and Hatch , M. C. 474 – 492 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Punnett , L. and Wegman , D. H. 2004 . Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: the epidemiologic evidence and the debate . Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology , 14 : 13 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raver , J. L. and Nishii , L. H.J. 2010 . Once, twice, or three times as harmful? Ethnic harassment, gender harassment, and generalized workplace harassment . Applied Psychology , 95 ( 2 ) : 236 – 254 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Research Triangle Institute . 2005 . SUDAAN statistical package, version 9.0 , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina : Research Triangle Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Rospenda , K. M. , Richman , J. A. and Shannon , C. A. 2009 . Prevalence and mental health correlates of harassment and discrimination in the workplace: results from a national study . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 24 ( 5 ) : 819 – 843 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rugulies , R. and Krause , N. 2005 . Job strain, iso-strain, and the incidence of low back and neck injuries. A 7.5-year prospective study of San Francisco transit operators . Social Science and Medicine , 61 : 27 – 39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS Institute . 2002–2003 . The SAS System for Windows, version 9.1.3 , Cary, North Carolina : SAS Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , D. R. 2006 . A detailed analysis of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors among Japanese nurses . Journal of Safety Research , 37 ( 2 ) : 195 – 200 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stock , S. R. 2005 . A systematic review of reproducibility and validity of workers’ self-reports of physical work demands . Scandinavian Journal Work Environment and Health , 31 ( 6 ) : 409 – 437 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stock , S. 2006 . Les troubles musculo-squelettiques au Québec, la détresse psychologique et les conditions de travail: relations complexes dans un monde du travail enmutation . Santé, Société et Solidarité , 2 : 45 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Sun , G. , Shook , T. and Kay , G. L. 1996 . Inappropriate useof bivariate analysis to screen risk factors for use in multivariate analysis . Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , 49 : 907 – 916 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tissot , F. , Messing , K. and Stock , S. 2009 . Studying the relationship between low back pain and working postures among those who stand and those who sit most of the work day . Ergonomics , 52 ( 11 ) : 1402 – 1418 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toomingas , A. 1997 . Associations between self-rated psychosocial work conditions and musculoskeletal symptoms and signs. Stockholm MUSIC I Study Group . Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health , 23 : 130 – 139 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torp , S. , Riise , T. and Moen , B. E. 2001 . The impact of psychosocial work factors on musculoskeletal pain: a prospective study . Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , 43 : 120 – 126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Heuvel , S. G. 2005 . Psychosocial work characteristics in relation to neck and upper limb symptoms . Pain , 114 ( 1 ) : 47 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viikari-Juntura , E. and Silverstein , B. A. 1999 . Role of physical load factors in carpal tunnel syndrome . Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health , 25 : 163 – 185 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viikari-Juntura , E. 1994 . Neck trouble in machine operating, dynamic physical work and sedentary work: a prospective study on occupational and individual risk factors . Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , 47 : 1411 – 1422 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viikari-Juntura , E. 2001 . Longitudinal study on work related and individual risk factors affecting radiating neck pain . Occupational and Environmental Medicine , 58 : 345 – 352 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waersted , M. , Hanvold , T. N. and Veiersted , K. B. 2010 . Computer work and musculoskeletal disorders of the neck and upper extremity: a systematic review . BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders , 11 : 79 – 83 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wager , T. D. 2004 . Placebo-induced changes in FMRI in the anticipation and experience of pain . Science , 20 : 1162 – 1167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahlstrom , J. 2000 . Differences between work methods and gender in computer mouse use . Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health , 26 : 390 – 397 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zetterberg , C. 1997 . Neck and upper extremity problems in car assembly workers. A comparison of subjective complaints, work satisfaction, physical examination and gender . International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics , 19 : 277 – 289 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar