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Ergonomics Volume 56, 2013 - Issue 2
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Articles

Low back loads while walking and carrying: comparing the load carried in one hand or in both hands

Stuart M. McGill Spine Biomechanics Laboratories, Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1Correspondence[email protected]
,
Leigh Marshall Spine Biomechanics Laboratories, Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
&
Jordan Andersen Spine Biomechanics Laboratories, Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
Pages 293-302 | Received 23 Mar 2012, Accepted 09 Oct 2012, Published online: 05 Feb 2013

References

  • Bergmann , G. , Graichen , F. , Rohlmann , A. and Linke , H. 1997 . Hip Joint Forces During Load Carrying . Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research , 335 : 190 – 201 .
  • Brereton , L. C. and McGill , S. M. 1998 . Frequency Response of Spine Extensors During Rapid Isometric Contractions: Effects of Muscle Length and Tension . Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology , 8 : 227 – 232 .
  • Brown , S. and McGill , S. 2009 . The Intrinsic Stiffness of the In Vivo Lumbar Spine in Response to a Variety of Quick Releases: Implications for Reflexive Requirements . Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology , 19 ( 5 ) : 727 – 736 .
  • Cholewicki , J. and McGill , S. M. 1994 . EMG Assisted Optimization: A Hybrid Approach for Estimating Muscle Forces in an Indeterminate Biomechanical Model . Journal of Biomechanics , 27 ( 10 ) : 1287 – 1289 .
  • Cholewicki , J. and McGill , S. M. 1996 . Mechanical Stability of the In Vivo Lumbar Spine: Implications for Injury and Chronic Low Back Pain . Clinical Biomechanics , 11 ( 1 ) : 1 – 15 .
  • Cook , T. and Neumann , D. 1987 . The Effects of Load Placement of the EMG Activity of the Low Back Muscles During Load Carrying by Men and Women . Ergonomics , 30 ( 10 ) : 1413 – 1423 .
  • Datta , S. and Ramanthan , N. 1971 . Ergonomic Comparison of Seven Modes of Carrying Loads on the Horizontal Plane . Ergonomics , 14 ( 2 ) : 269 – 278 .
  • Grenier , S. G. and McGill , S. M. 2007 . Quantification of Lumbar Stability Using Two Different Abdominal Activation Strategies . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 88 ( 1 ) : 54 – 62 .
  • Guccione , J. , Motabarzadeh , I. and Zahalak , G. 1998 . A Distribution-Moment Model of Deactivation in Cardiac Muscle . Journal of Biomechanics , 31 : 1069 – 1073 .
  • Kilbom , A. , Hagg , G. and Kall , C. 1992 . One-Handed Load Carrying – Cardiovascular, Muscular and Subjective Indices of Endurance and Fatigue . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 65 : 52 – 58 .
  • Legg , S. 1985 . Comparison of Different Methods of Load Carriage . Ergonomics , 28 ( 1 ) : 197 – 212 .
  • Ma , S. and Zahalak , G. I. 1991 . A Distribution-Moment Model of Energetics in Skeletal Muscle . Journal of Biomechanics , 24 ( 1 ) : 22 – 35 .
  • McGill , S. M. and Norman , R. W. 1986 . The Volvo Award for 1986: Partitioning of the L4/L5 Dynamic Moment Into Disc, Ligamentous and Muscular Components During Lifting . Spine , 11 ( 7 ) : 666 – 678 .
  • McGill , S. , McDermott , A. and Fenwick , C. 2008 . Comparison of Different Strongman Events: Trunk Muscle Activation and Lumbar Spine Motion, Load and Stiffness . Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research , 23 ( 4 ) : 1148 – 1161 .
  • Neumann , D. A. , Cook , T. M. , Sholty , R. L. and Sobush , D. C. 1992 . An Electromyographic Analysis of Hip Abductor Muscle Activity When Subjects are Carrying Loads in One or Both Hands . Physical Therapy , 72 ( 8 ) : 207 – 217 .
  • White , A. and Panjabi , M. 1978 . The Basic Kinematics of the Human Spine. A Review of Past and Current Knowledge . Spine , 3 : 12 – 20 .

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