Task partitioning effects in semi-automated human–machine system performance

References

• Bainbridge , L. 1983 . Ironies of Automation . Automatica , 19 : 775 – 779 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billings , C. E. 1992 . Aviation Automation: The Search for a Human-Centered Approach , Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham , H. P. and Taylor , F. V. 1954 . “ A Design Philosophy for Man–Machine Control Systems ” . In Proceedings of the IRE , 1748 – 1758 . New York : Institute of Radio Engineers .
   Google Scholar
• Bolton , M. L. , Siminiceanu , R. I. and Bass , E. J. 2011 . A systematic Approach to Model Checking Human Automation Interaction Using Task Analytic Models . IEEE Transaction on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems and Humans , 41 ( 5 ) : 961 – 976 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapanis , A. 1965 . On the Allocation of Functions Between Men and Machines . Occupational Psychology , 39 : 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , Y. and Wang , J. 2011 . Adaptive Vehicle Speed Control with Input Injections for Longitudinal Motion Independent Road Frictional Condition Estimation . IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology , 60 ( 3 ) : 839 – 848 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Visser , E. J. , Cohen , M. S. , Le Goullon , M. , Sert , O. , Freed , A. , Freedy , E. , Weltman , G. and Parasuraman , R. 2008 . “ A Design Methodology for Controlling, Monitoring, and Allocating Unmanned Vehicles ” . In Third International Conference on Human Centered Processes (HCP-2008) , Netherlands : Delft .
   Google Scholar
• de Winter , J. C. F. and Dodou , D. 2011 . Why the Fitts List has Persisted Throughout the History of Function Allocation . Cognition, Technology and Work , doi: 10.1007/s10111-011-0188-1.
   Google Scholar
• Eischeid , T. M. , Scerbo , M. W. and Freeman , F. G. 1998 . The Effects of Task Partitioning and Computer Skill on Engagement and Performance with an Adaptive, Biocybernetic System . Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society , 42 : 133 – 137 .
   Google Scholar
• Endsley , M. R. and Kaber , D. B. 1999 . Level of Automation Effects on Performance, Situation Awareness and Workload in a Dynamic Task . Ergonomics , 42 ( 3 ) : 462 – 492 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrell , S. and Lewandowsky , S. 2000 . A Connectionist Model of Complacency and Adaptive Recovery Under Automation . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 26 ( 2 ) : 395 – 410 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman , F. G. , Mikulka , P. J. , Prinzel , L. J. and Scerbo , M. W. 1999 . Evaluation of an Adaptive Automation System Using three EEG Indices with a Visual Tracking System . Biological Psychology , 50 : 61 – 76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock , P. A. 1991 . On Operator Strategic Behavior . Proceedings of the International Symposium on Aviation Psychology , 6 : 999 – 1007 .
   Google Scholar
• Hancock , P. A. 1996 . Effects of Control Order, Augmented Feedback, Input Device and Practice on Tracking Performance and Perceived Workload . Ergonomics , 39 ( 9 ) : 1146 – 1162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock , P. A. 2007a . The Effects of Automation Invocation Procedure and Dynamic Display Relocation on Performance in a Multi-Task Environment . Transactions of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A. Systems and Humans , 37 ( 1 ) : 47 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock , P. A. 2007b . On the Process of Automation Transition in Multi-Task Human–Machine Systems . IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A. Systems and Humans , 37 ( 4 ) : 586 – 598 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock , P. A. 2013 . In Search of Vigilance: The Problem of Iatrogenically Created Psychological Phenomena . American Psychologist , 68 ( 2 ) : 92 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock , P. A. , Billings , D. R. , Olsen , K. , Chen , J. Y. C. , de Visser , E. J. and Parasuraman , R. 2011 . A Meta-Analysis of Factors Impacting Trust in Human–Robot Interaction . Human Factors , 53 ( 5 ) : 517 – 527 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock , P. A. and Chignell , M. H. 1988 . Mental Workload Dynamics in Adaptive Interface Design . Transactions of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics , 18 ( 4 ) : 647 – 658 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock , P. A. , Chignell , M. H. and Loewenthal , A. 1985 . An Adaptive Human–Machine System . Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics , : 627 – 630 . IEEE
   Google Scholar
• Hancock, P. A., J. A. Duley, and S. F. Scallen. 1994. The Control of Adaptive Function Allocation. Report HFRL, Nav-6, Naval Air Warfare Center, Warminster, PA, USA
   Google Scholar
• Hancock , P. A. , Pepe , A. and Murphy , L. L. 2005 . Hedonomics: The Power of Positive and Pleasurable Ergonomics . Ergonomics in Design , 13 ( 1 ) : 8 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Hancock , P. A. and Scallen , S. F. 1996 . The Future of Function Allocation . Ergonomics in Design , 4 ( 4 ) : 24 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Hancock , P. A. and Scallen , S. F. 1997 . The Performance and Workload Effects of Task Re-Location During Automation . Displays , 17 : 61 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock , P. A. and Scallen , S. F. 1998 . “ Allocating Functions in Human–Machine Systems ” . In Viewing Psychology as a Whole: The Integrative Science of William N. Dember , Edited by: Hoffman , R. R. , Sherrick , M. F. and Warm , J. S. 509 – 539 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Hancock, P. A., S. F. Scallen, and J. A. Duley. 1993. Initiation and Cessation of Automation: Location Versus Configuration Change. Report HFRL, Nav-3, Naval Air Warfare Center, Warminster, PA, USA, August
   Google Scholar
• Hancock , P. A. , Scallen , S. F. and Duley , J. A. 1994 . Pilot Performance and Preference for Cycles of Automation in Adaptive Function Allocation Technical Report, Naval Air Warfare Center Warminster, PA, USA
   Google Scholar
• Hancock , P. A. and Smith , K. 2007 . A Distributed Air Traffic Information Display Simulator: Design and Results . International Journal of Applied Aviation Studies , 7 ( 2 ) : 232 – 243 .
   Google Scholar
• Hancock , P. A. and Szalma , J. L. 2003 . Operator Stress and Display Design . Ergonomics in Design , 11 ( 2 ) : 13 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Hancock , P. A. and Warm , J. S. 1989 . A Dynamic Model of Stress and Sustained Attention . Human Factors , 31 : 519 – 537 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoc , J.-M. , Young , M. S. and Blosseville , J.-M. 2009 . Cooperation Between Drivers and Automation: Implications for Safety . Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science , 10 ( 2 ) : 135 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• Hollnagel , E. 2009 . The ETTO Principle: Efficiency Thoroughness Trade-off , Chichester : Ashgate .
   Google Scholar
• Hwang , S-L. and Salvendy , G. 1988 . Operator Performance and Subjective Response in Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems . Work & Stress , 2 ( 1 ) : 27 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan , N. 1963 . Allocation of Functions Between Man and Machines in Automated Systems . Journal of Applied Psychology , 47 : 161 – 165 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaber , D. B. and Endsley , M. R. 2004 . The Effects of Level of Automation and Adaptive Automation on Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Workload in a Dynamic Control Task . Theoretical Issues in Ergonomic Science , 5 ( 2 ) : 113 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaber , D. B. and Kim , S-H. 2011 . Understanding Cognitive Strategy with Adaptive Automation in Dual-Task Performance Using Computational Cognitive Models . Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making , 5 ( 3 ) : 309 – 331 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaber , D. B. , Onal , E. and Endsley , M. R. 2000 . Design of Automation for Telerobots and the Effect on Performance, Operator Situation Awareness, and Subjective Workload . Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing , 10 ( 4 ) : 409 – 430 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karasek , R. and Theorell , T. 1990 . Healthy Work: Stress, Productivity, and the Reconstruction of Working Life , New York, NY : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Keisel , S. and Hinds , P. 2004 . Human–Robot Interaction . Human–Computer Interaction , 19 ( 1–2 ) : 1 – 8 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, J. J. 2003. “Problematic Nexus: Where Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles and the Law of Armed Conflict Meet.” Accessed September 2012. http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/cc/klein.html
   Google Scholar
• Matthews , G. , Desmond , P. A. , Neubauer , C. and Hancock , P. A. , eds. 2012 . The Handbook of Operator Fatigue , Farnham, Surrey : Ashgate .
   Google Scholar
• McNair , D. M. , Lorr , M. and Droppleman , L. F. 1992 . Manual for the Profile of Mood States , Rev. Ed. , San Diego, CA : EdITS .
   Google Scholar
• Moroney , W. F. , Biers , D. W. and Eggemeier , F. T. 1995 . Some Measurement and Methodological Consideration in the Application of Subjective Workload Measurement Techniques . International Journal of Aviation Psychology , 5 ( 1 ) : 87 – 106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison , J. G. , Cohen , D. and Gluckman , J. P. 1993 . Prospective Principles and Guidelines for the Design of Adaptively Automated Crew-Stations. The Adaptive Function Allocation for Intelligent Cockpits (AFAIC) Program: Interim Research and Guidelines for the Appellation of Adaptive Automation Technical Report, NAWCADWAR-93931-60, Naval Air Warfare Center, Warminster, PA, USA
   Google Scholar
• Miyake , S. , Loslever , P. and Hancock , P. A. 2001 . Individual Differences in Tracking . Ergonomics , 44 ( 12 ) : 1056 – 1068 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nechyba , M. C. and Xu , Y. 1997 . Human Control Strategy: Abstraction, Verification, and Replication . IEEE Control Systems , 17 ( 5 ) : 48 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuechterlein , K. H. , Parasuraman , R. and Jiang , Q. 1983 . Visual Sustained Attention: Image Degradation Produces Rapid Sensitivity Decrement over Time . Science , 220 ( 4594 ) : 327 – 329 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parasuraman , R. and Hancock , P. A. 2001 . “ Adaptive Control of Mental Workload ” . In Stress, Workload, and Fatigue , Edited by: Hancock , P. A. and Desmond , P. A. 305 – 320 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Parasuraman , R. , Mouloua , M. and Molloy , R. 1996 . Effects of Adaptive Task Allocation on Monitoring of Automated Systems . Human Factors , 38 : 665 – 679 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parasuraman , R. and Riley , V. 1997 . Humans and Automation: Use, Misuse, Disuse, Abuse . Human Factors , 39 : 230 – 253 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parasuraman , R. , Sheridan , T. B. and Wickens , C. D. 2000 . A Model for Types and Levels of Human Interaction with Automation . Transactions of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics , 30 ( 3 ) : 286 – 297 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phatak , A. V. and Bekey , G. A. 1969a . Model of the Adaptive Behavior of the Human Operator in Response to a Sudden Change in the Control Situation . IEEE Transactions on Man–Machine Systems , 10 ( 3 ) : 72 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phatak , A. V. and Bekey , G. A. 1969b . Decision Processes in the Adaptive Behavior of Human Controllers . IEEE Transactions on Systems Science and Cybernetics , 5 ( 4 ) : 339 – 351 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prinzel , L. J. , Freeman , F. G. , Scerbo , M. , Mikulka , P. J. and Pope , A. T. 2003 . Effects of a Psychophysiological System for Adaptive Automation on Performance, Workload, and Event-Related Potential P300 Component . Human Factors , 45 ( 4 ) : 601 – 613 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redelmeier , D. A. and Kahneman , D. 1996 . Patients' Memories of Painful Medical Treatments: Real-Time and Retrospective Evaluations of Two Minimally Invasive Procedures . Pain , 66 ( 1 ) : 3 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redelmeier , D. A. , Katz , J. and Kahneman , D. 2003 . Memories of Colonoscopy: A Randomized Trial . Pain , 104 ( 1–2 ) : 187 – 194 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid , G. B. and Nygren , T. 1988 . “ The Subjective Workload Assessment Technique: A Scaling Procedure for Measuring Mental Workload ” . In Human Mental Workload , Edited by: Hancock , P. A. and Meshkati , N. 185 – 218 . New York : North Holland .
   Google Scholar
• Rouse , W. B. 1981 . Human–Computer Interaction in the Control of Dynamic Systems . Computing Surveys , 13 ( 1 ) : 71 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouse , W. B. 1994 . “ Twenty Years of Adaptive Aiding: Origins of the Concept and Lessons Learned ” . In Human Performance in Automated Systems: Current Research and Trends , Edited by: Mouloua , M. and Parasuraman , R. 249 – 255 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Scallen , S. F. , Duley , J. A. and Hancock , P. A. 1996 . Pilot Performance and Preference for Short Cycles of Automation in Adaptive Function Allocation . Applied Ergonomics , 26 : 397 – 403 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scallen , S. F. and Hancock , P. A. 2001 . Implementing Adaptive Function Allocation . International Journal of Aviation Psychology , 11 ( 2 ) : 197 – 221 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheridan , T. B. 2002 . Humans and Automation: System Design and Research Issues , Santa Monica, CA : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Shladover , S. E. 1993 . Research and Development Needs for Advanced Vehicle Control Systems . IEEE Micro , 13 ( 1 ) : 11 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson , R. and Levine , S. P. 1999 . Automatic Adaptation in the NavChair Assistive Wheelchair Navigation System . IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering , 7 ( 4 ) : 452 – 463 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Snook , S. A. 2000 . Friendly Fire: The Accidental Shootdown of US Black Hawks over Northern Iraq , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Svensson , E. , Angelborg-Thanderz , M. , Sjoberg , L. and Olsson , S. 1997 . Information Complexity and Performance in Combat Aircraft . Ergonomics , 40 ( 3 ) : 362 – 380 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , R. M. 2006 . “ Human Automation Integration for Supervisory Control of UAVs ” . In Virtual Media for Military Applications, Meeting Proceedings RTO-MP-HFM-136, Paper 12 , Vol. 12 , 1 – 10 . France : Neuilly-sur-Seine .
   Google Scholar
• Tolone , W. , Chu , B. , Long , J. , Willhelm , R. , Peng , Y. and Boughannam , A. 1998 . Supporting Human Interactions Within Integrated Manufacturing Systems . International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing , 1 ( 2 ) : 221 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• Tsimhoni , O. and Green , P. 2001 . Visual Demand of Driving and the Execution of Display-Intensive in Vehicle Tasks . Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society , 45 : 1586 – 1590 .
   Google Scholar
• Vicente , K. J. and Rasmussen , J. 1992 . Ecological Interface Design: Theoretical Foundations . IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics , 22 : 589 – 606 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Hippel , E. 1990 . Task Partitioning: An Innovation Process Variable . Research Policy , 19 : 407 – 418 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warm , J. S. , Dember , W. N. and Hancock , P. A. 1996 . “ Vigilance and Workload in Automated Systems ” . In Automation and Human Performance: Theory and Applications , Edited by: Parasuraman , R. and Mouloua , M. 183 – 200 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Wickens , C. D. and Carswell , C. M. 1995 . The Proximity Compatibility Principle: Its Psychological Foundation and Relevance to Display Design . Human Factors , 37 ( 3 ) : 473 – 494 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh , Y. Y. and Wickens , C. D. 1988 . Dissociation of Performance and Subjective Measures of Workload . Human Factors , 30 : 111 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zachary , W. , Ryder , J. , Ross , L. and Weiland , M. Z. 1992 . “ Intelligent Human–Computer Interaction in Real-Time, Multi-Tasking Process Control and Monitoring Systems ” . In Design for Manufacturability: A Systems Approach to Concurrent Engineering , Edited by: Heldander , M. and Nagamachi , M. 377 – 401 . Bristol, PA : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar
• Zhi-Gang , W. , Macwan , A. P. and Wieringa , P. A. 1998 . A Quantiative Measure for Degree of Automation and its Relation to System Performance and Mental Load . Human Factors , 40 ( 2 ) : 277 – 295 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar