Predicting battlefield vigilance: a multivariate approach to assessment of attentional resources

REFERENCES

• Ackerman, P. L., M. E.Beier, and M. O.Boyle. 2005. “Working Memory and Intelligence: The Same or Different Constructs?” Psychological Bulletin131: 30–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ariga, A., and A.Lleras. 2011. “Brief and Rare Mental “Breaks” Keep You Focused: Deactivation and Reactivation of Task Goals Preempt Vigilance Decrements.” Cognition118: 439–443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin, E. J., G. J.Boyle, G.Groth-Marnat, G.Matthews, D. H.Saklofske, V. L.Schwean, and M.Zeidner. 2011. “Integrating Intelligence and Personality: Theory, Research and Implications for Clinical Assessment.” In Integrative Assessment of Adult Personality, edited by G.Groth-Marnat. 3rd ed., 119–151. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bentler, P. M.2007. EQS 6 Structural Equations Program Manual. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software.
   Google Scholar
• Borgaro, S., D. L.Pogge, V. A.DeLuca, L.Bilginer, J.Stokes, and P. D.Harvey. 2003. “Convergence of Different Versions of the Continuous Performance Test: Clinical and Scientific Implications.” Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology25: 283–292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broadbent, D. E., P. F.Cooper, P.Fitzgerald, and K. R.Parkes. 1982. “The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and its Correlates.” British Journal of Clinical Psychology21: 1–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke, R. J., and C. L.Cooper, eds. 2008. “Preface.” In The Long Work Hours Culture: Causes, Consequences and Choices. Bingley: Emerald.
   Google Scholar
• Buysse, D. J., C. F.Reynolds, T. H.Monk, S. R.Berman, and D. J.Kupfer. 1989. “The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A New Instrument for Psychiatric Practice and Research.” Psychiatry Research28: 193–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caggiano, D. M., and R.Parasuraman. 2004. “The Role of Memory Representation in the Vigilance Decrement.” Psychonomic Bulletin & Review11: 932–937.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, J. S., M.Castaneda, and S.Pulos. 2010. “Meta-Analysis of Personality Assessments as Predictors of Military Aviation Training Success.” The International Journal of Aviation Psychology20: 92–109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carretta, T. R.2000. “U.S. Air Force Pilot Selection and Training Methods.” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine71 (9, Sect1): 950–956.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chappelle, W., K. McDonald, and R. E. King. 2010. Psychological Attributes Critical to the Performance of MQ-1 Predator and MQ-9 Reaper U.S. Air Force Sensor Operators Technical Report AFRL-SA-BR-TR-2010-0007, USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks City-Base, TX.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, S., M.Westman, and D.Eden. 2009. “Impact of Enhanced Resources on Anticipatory Stress and Adjustment to New Information Technology: A Field-Experimental Test of Conservation of Resources Theory.” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology14: 219–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford, J. D.1991. “The Relationship between Tests of Sustained Attention and Fluid Intelligence.” Personality and Individual Differences12: 599–611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, D. R., and R.Parasuraman. 1982. The Psychology of Vigilance. London: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dumontheil, I., R.Thompson, and J.Duncan. 2011. “Assembly and Use of New Task Rules in Fronto-Parietal Cortex.” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience23: 168–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekstrom, R. B., J. W.French, H. H.Harmon and D.Derman. 1976. ETS Kit of Factor-Referenced Cognitive Tests. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
   Google Scholar
• Eysenck, S. B. G., and H. J.Eysenck. 1977. “The Place of Impulsiveness in a Dimensional System of Personality Description.” British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology16: 57–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, J., B. D.McCandliss, T.Sommer, A.Raz, and M. I.Posner. 2002. “Testing the Efficiency and Independence of Attentional Networks.” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience14: 340–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finomore, V. S., G.Matthews, T. H.Shaw, and J. S.Warm. 2009. “Predicting Vigilance: A Fresh Look at an Old Problem.” Ergonomics52: 791–808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finomore, V. S., T. H.Shaw, J. S.Warm, G.Matthews, and D. B.Boles. 2013. “Viewing the Workload of Vigilance through the Lenses of the NASA-TLX and the MRQ.” Human Factors55: 1044–1063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funke, G. J., G.Matthews, J. S.Warm, and A.Emo. 2007. “Vehicle Automation: A Remedy for Driver Stress?” Ergonomics50: 1302–1323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill, G. W.1996. “Vigilance in Cytoscreening: Looking without Seeing.” Advance for Medical Laboratory Professionals8: 14–15.
   Google Scholar
• Grubb, P. L., J. S.Warm, W. N.Dember, and D. B.Berch. 1995. “Effects of Multiple-Signal Discrimination on Vigilance Performance and Perceived Workload.” Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society39: 1360–1364.
   Google Scholar
• Guznov, S. Y.2011. “Visual Search Training Techniques in a UAV Simulator Environment: Pilots' Performance, Workload, and Stress.” Unpublished doctoral diss., University of Cincinnati.
   Google Scholar
• Hancock, P. A., and S. G.Hart. 2002. “Defeating Terrorism: What Can Human Factors/Ergonomics Offer?” Ergonomics in Design10: 6–16.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, W. C., P. A.Hancock, and S. C.Harris. 2005. “Information Processing Changes Following Extended Stress.” Military Psychology17: 115–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawley, J. K.2006, January–February. “Patriot Fratricides: The Human Dimension Lessons of Operation Iraqi Freedom.” Field Artillery11: 18–19.
   Google Scholar
• Helton, W. S., G.Matthews, and J. S.Warm. 2009. “Stress State Mediation between Environmental Variables and Performance: The Case of Noise and Vigilance.” Acta Psychologica130: 204–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helton, W. S., and P. N.Russell. 2011. “Working Memory Load and the Vigilance Decrement.” Experimental Brain Research212: 429–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helton, W. S., and P. N.Russell. 2012. “Brief Mental Breaks and Content-Free Cues May Not Keep You Focused.” Experimental Brain Research219: 37–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helton, W. S., and P. N.Russell. 2013. “Visuospatial and Verbal Working Memory Load: Effects on Visuospatial Vigilance.” Experimental Brain Research224: 429–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helton, W. S., and J. S.Warm. 2008. “Signal Salience and the Mindlessness Theory of Vigilance.” Acta Psychologica129: 18–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hitchcock, E., J. S.Warm, G.Matthews, W. N.Dember, P. K.Shear, L.Tripp, D. W.Mayleben, and R.Parasuraman. 2003. “Automation Cueing Modulates Cerebral Blood Flow and Vigilance in a Simulated Air Traffic Control Task.” Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science4: 89–112.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, L., and P. M.Bentler. 1999. “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria versus New Alternatives.” Structural Equation Modeling6: 1–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphreys, M. S., and W.Revelle. 1984. “Personality, Motivation and Performance: A Theory of the Relationship between Individual Differences and Information Processing.” Psychological Review91: 153–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilkowska, M., and R. W.Engle. 2010. “Trait and State Differences in Working Memory Capacity.” In Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition: Attention, Memory, and Executive Control, edited by A.Gruszka, G.Matthews, and B.Szymura, 295–320. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, A., and R. W.Proctor. 2004. Attention: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Koelega, H. S.1992. “Extraversion and Vigilance Performance: 30 Years of Inconsistencies.” Psychological Bulletin112: 239–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger, G. P.2012. “Soldier Fatigue and Performance Effectiveness: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow.” In Handbook of Operator Fatigue, edited by G.Matthews, P. A.Desmond, C.Neubauer, and P. A.Hancock, 393–412. Aldershot: Ashgate Press.
   Google Scholar
• Langner, R., and S. B. Eickhoff. 2012. “Sustaining Attention to Simple Tasks: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Neural Mechanisms of Vigilant Attention.” Psychological Bulletin. Advance online publication. 10.1037/a0030694.
   Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S.1999. Stress and Emotion: A New Synthesis. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Lieberman, H. R., P.Niro, W. J.Tharion, B. C.Nindl, J. W.Castellani, and S. J.Montain. 2006. “Cognition during Sustained Operations: Comparison of a Laboratory Simulation to Field Studies.” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine77: 929–935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacBride, S. A., D. J.Merullo, R. F.Johnson, L. F.Banderet, and R. T.Robinson. 2007. “Performance during a 3-Hour Simulated Sentry Duty Task Under Varied Work Rates and Secondary Demands.” Military Psychology19: 103–117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macmillan, N. A., and C. D.Creelman. 2005. Detection Theory: A User'S Guide. 2nd ed.Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Mason, O., and G.Claridge. 2006. “The Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE): Further Description and Extended Norms.” Schizophrenia Research82: 203–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, G.2001. “Levels of Transaction: A Cognitive Sciences Framework for Operator Stress.” In Stress, Workload, and Fatigue, edited by P. A.Hancock and P. A.Desmond, 5–33. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Matthews, G., and S. E.Campbell. 1998. “Task-Induced Stress and Individual Differences in Coping.” Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society42: 821–825.
   Google Scholar
• Matthews, G., and S. E.Campbell. 2009. “Sustained Performance Under Overload: Personality and Individual Differences in Stress and Coping.” Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science10: 417–442.
   Google Scholar
• Matthews, G., S. E.Campbell, S.Falconer, L.Joyner, J.Huggins, K.Gilliland, R.Grier, and J. S.Warm. 2002. “Fundamental Dimensions of Subjective State in Performance Settings: Task Engagement, Distress and Worry.” Emotion2: 315–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, G., and D. R.Davies. 1998. “Arousal and Vigilance: The Role of Task Factors.” In Viewing Psychology as a Whole: The Integrative Science of William N. Dember, edited by R. B.Hoffman, M. F.Sherrick, and J. S.Warm, 113–144. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Matthews, G., D. R.Davies, and J. L.Lees. 1990. “Arousal, Extraversion, and Individual Differences in Resource Availability.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology59: 150–168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, G., D. R.Davies, S. J.Westerman, and R. B.Stammers. 2000. Human Performance: Cognition, Stress and Individual Differences. London: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Matthews, M. D., J.Eid, B.Johnsen, and O.Boe. 2011. “A Comparison of Expert Ratings and Self-Assessments of Situation Awareness during a Combat Fatigue Course.” Military Psychology23: 125–136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, G., J.Szalma, A. R.Panganiban, C.Neubauer, and J. S.Warm. 2013. “Profiling Task Stress with the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire.” In Psychology of Stress: New Research, edited by L.Cavalcanti and S.Azevedo, 49–91. Hauppage, NY: Nova Science.
   Google Scholar
• Matthews, G., J. S.Warm, L. E.Reinerman, L. K.Langheim, and D. J.Saxby. 2010a. “Task Engagement, Attention and Executive Control.” In Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition: Attention, Memory and Executive Control, edited by A.Gruszka, G.Matthews, and B.Szymura, 205–230. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Matthews, G., J. S.Warm, L. E.Reinerman, L.Langheim, D. A.Washburn, and L.Tripp. 2010b. “Task Engagement, Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity, and Diagnostic Monitoring for Sustained Attention.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied16: 187–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, G., and M.Zeidner. 2012. “Individual Differences in Attentional Networks: Trait and State Correlates of the ANT.” Personality and Individual Differences53: 574–579.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mischel, W., and Y.Shoda. 1995. “A Cognitive-Affective System Theory of Personality. Reconceptualising Situations, Dispositions, Dynamics and Invariance in Personality Structure.” Psychological Review102: 246–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLellan, T. M., G. H.Kamimori, D. G.Bell, I. F.Smith, D.Johnson, and G.Belenky. 2005. “Caffeine Maintains Vigilance and Marksmanship in Simulated Urban Operations with Sleep Deprivation.” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine76: 39–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakao, M.2010. “Work-Related Stress and Psychosomatic Medicine.” BioPsychoSocial Medicine4: 4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Navon, D.1984. “Resources—A Theoretical Soup Stone?” Psychological Review91: 216–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neubauer, C., L.Langheim, G.Matthews, and D.Saxby. 2012. “Fatigue and Voluntary Utilization of Automation in Simulated Driving.” Human Factors54: 734–746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proctor, R. W., and K. L.Vu. 2010. “Cumulative Knowledge and Progress in Human Factors.” Annual Review of Psychology61: 623–651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ree, M. J., and T. R.Carretta. 1994. “Factor Analysis of ASVAB: Confirming a Vernon-Like Structure.” Educational and Psychological Measurement54: 459–463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinerman-Jones, L. E., G.Matthews, J. S.Warm, and L. K.Langheim. 2011. “Selection for Vigilance Assignments: A Review and Proposed New Direction.” Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science12: 273–296.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, R. D., G. N.Goff, F.Anjoul, P. C.Kyllonen, G.Pallier, and L.Stankov. 2000. “The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB): Little More than Acculturated Learning (Gc)!?” Learning and Individual Differences12: 81–103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosa, R. R.2012. “Long Work Hours, Fatigue, Safety and Health.” In Handbook of Operator Fatigue, edited by G.Matthews, P. A.Desmond, C.Neubauer, and P. A.Hancock, 335–348. Aldershot: Ashgate Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rumsey, M. G.2012. “Military Selection and Classification in the United States.” In The Oxford Handbook of Military Psychology, edited by J. H.Laurence and M. D.Matthews, 129–147. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sanquist, T. F., P.Doctor, and R.Parasuraman. 2008. “A Threat Display Concept for Radiation Detection in Homeland Security Screening.” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Part C: Applications and Reviews38: 856–860.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweizer, K.2010. “The Relationship of Attention and Intelligence.” In Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition: Attention, Memory, and Executive Control, edited by A.Gruszka, G.Matthews, and B.Szymura, 247–262. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Schweizer, K. H., H.Moosbrugger, and F.Goldhammer. 2005. “The Structure of the Relationship between Attention and Intelligence.” Intelligence33: 589–611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• See, J. E., S. R.Howe, J. S.Warm, and W. N.Dember. 1995. “Meta-Analysis of the Sensitivity Decrement in Vigilance.” Psychological Bulletin117: 230–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw, T. H., G.Matthews, J. S.Warm, V.Finomore, L.Silverman, and P. T.CostaJr. 2010. “Individual Differences in Vigilance: Personality, Ability and States of Stress.” Journal of Research in Personality44: 297–308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shingledecker, S., D. E.Weldon, K.Behymer, B.Simpkins, E.Lerner, J.Warm, G.Matthews, V.Finomore, T.Shaw, and J. S.Murphy. 2010. “Measuring Vigilance Abilities to Enhance Combat Identification Performance.” In Human Factors in Combat Identification Performance, edited by D. H.Andrews, R. P.Herz, and M. B.Wolf, 47–65. Aldershot: Ashgate Press.
   Google Scholar
• Szalma, J. L., G.Teo, P. A.Hancock, and J. S.Murphy. 2011. “Knowledge of Results and Diagnostic Power: Implications for Vigilance Training to Support Improvised Explosive Device Detection.” Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting55: 1548–1551.
   Google Scholar
• Temple, J. G., J. S.Warm, W. N.Dember, K. S.Jones, C. M.LaGrange, and G.Matthews. 2000. “The Effects of Signal Salience and Caffeine on Performance, Workload and Stress in an Abbreviated Vigilance Task.” Human Factors42: 183–194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tvaryanas, A. P.2006. “Human Systems Integration in Remotely Piloted Aircraft Operations.” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine77: 1278–1282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyagi, R., K.Shen, S.Shao, and X.Li. 2009. “A Novel Auditory Working-Memory Vigilance Task for Mental Fatigue Assessment.” Safety Science47: 967–972.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unsworth, N.2010. “On the Division of Working Memory and Long-Term Memory and their Relation to Intelligence: A Latent Variable Approach.” Acta Psychologica134: 16–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warm, J. S., W. N.Dember, and P. A.Hancock. 1996. “Vigilance and Workload in Automated Systems.” In Automation and Human Performance: Theory and Applications, edited by R.Parasuraman and M.Mouloua, 183–200. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Warm, J. S., R.Parasuraman, and G.Matthews. 2008. “Vigilance Requires Hard Mental Work and is Stressful.” Human Factors50: 433–441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warm, J. S., L. D.Tripp, G.Matthews, and W. S.Helton. 2012. “Cerebral Hemodynamic Indices of Operator Fatigue in Vigilance.” In Handbook of Operator Fatigue, edited by G.Matthews, P. A.Desmond, C.Neubauer, and P. A.Hancock, 197–207. Aldershot: Ashgate Press.
   Google Scholar
• Whiteside, S. P., and R.Lynam. 2001. “The Five Factor Model and Impulsivity: Using a Structural Model of Personality to Understand Impulsivity.” Personality and Individual Differences30: 669–689.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickens, C. D.2008. “Multiple Resources and Mental Workload.” Human Factors50: 449–455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson, A., D. A.Lombardi, S.Folkard, J.Stutts, T. K.Courtney, and J. L.Connor. 2011. “The Link between Fatigue and Safety.” Accident Analysis and Prevention43: 498–515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, M. S., and N. A.Stanton. 2002. “Attention and Automation: New Perspectives on Mental Underload and Performance.” Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science3: 178–194.
   Google Scholar