Developing a simplified finite element model of a car seat with occupant for predicting vibration transmissibility in the vertical direction

References

• Boileau, P. E., and S. Rakheja. 1998. “Whole-Body Vertical Biodynamic Response Characteristics of the Seated Vehicle Driver: Measurement and Model Development.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 22: 449–472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbridge, C., M. J. Griffin, and P. Harborough. 1989. “Seat Dynamics and Passenger Comfort.” Institute of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 203: 57–64.
   Google Scholar
• Fairley, T. E., and M. J. Griffin. 1986. A Test Method for the Prediction of Seat Transmissibility, SAE Paper, 860047. Warrandale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.
   Google Scholar
• Fairley, T. E., and M. J. Griffin. 1989. “The Apparent Mass of the Seated Human Body: Vertical Vibration.” Journal of Biomechanics 22 (2): 81–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin, M. J. 1990. Handbook of Human Vibration. London: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grujicic, M., B. Pandurangan, G. Arakere, W. C. Bell, T. He, and X. Xie. 2009. “Seat-Cushion and Soft-Tissue Material Modeling and a Finite Element Investigation of the Seating Comfort for Passenger-Vehicle Occupants.” Materials and Design 30: 4273–4285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilyard, N. C. 1982. Mechanics of Cellular Plastics. New York: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, S. K., S. W. White, A. K. Bajaj, and P. Davies. 2003. “Simplified Models of the Vibration of Mannequins in Car Seats.” Journal of Sound and Vibration 264 (3): 49–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumbhar, P. B., P. Xu, and J. Yang. 2012. “A Literature Survey of Biodynamic Models for Whole Body Vibration and Vehicle Ride Comfort.” In: Proceedings of the ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conference & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, August 12–15.
   Google Scholar
• Liang, C. C., and F. C. Chiang. 2008. “Modelling of a Seated Human Body Exposed to Vertical Vibrations in Various Automotive Postures.” Industrial Health 46: 125–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, C., Y. Qiu, and M. J. Griffin. 2012. “A Finite-Element Model of the Vertical In-Line and Fore-and-Aft Cross-Axis Apparent Mass and Transmissibility of the Human Body Sitting on a Rigid Seat and Exposed to Vertical Vibration.” In: Proceedings of the 47th UK Conference on Human Responses to Vibration, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, September 17–19.
   Google Scholar
• Mansfield, N. J., and M. J. Griffin. 2000. “Non-Linearity in Apparent Mass and Transmissibility During Exposure to Whole-Body Vertical Vibration.” Journal of Biomechanics 33: 933–941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansfield, N. J., and M. J. Griffin. 2002. “Effects of Posture and Vibration Magnitude on Apparent Mass and Pelvis Rotation During Exposure to Whole-Body Vertical Vibration.” Journal of Sound and Vibration 253 (1): 93–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumoto, Y., and M. J. Griffin. 2002. “Non-Linear Characteristics in the Dynamic Responses of Seated Subjects Exposed to Vertical Whole-Body Vibration.” Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 124: 527–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pankoke, S., J. Hofmann, and H. Wolfel. 2001. “Determination of Vibration-Related Spinal Loads by Numerical Simulation.” Clinical Biomechanics 16 (1): 45–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patten, W. N., S. Sha, and C. Mo. 1998. “A Vibration Model of Open Celled Polyurethane Foam Automotive Seat Cushions.” Journal of Sound and Vibration 217 (1): 145–161.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennestri, E., P. P. Valentini, and L Vita. 2005. “Comfort Analysis of Car Occupants: Comparison Between Multibody and Finite Element Models.” International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modeling and Testing 1: 68–78.
   Google Scholar
• Qiu, Y., and M. J. Griffin. 2010. “Biodynamic Responses of the Seated Human Body to Single-Axis and Dual-Axis Vibration.” Industrial Health 48 (5): 615–627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siefert, A., S. Pankoke, and H. P. Wolfel. 2008. “Virtual Optimisation of Car Passenger Seats: Simulation of Static and Dynamic Effects on Drivers' Seating Comfort.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 38: 410–424.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toward, M. G. R., and M. J. Griffin. 2011. “The Transmission of Vertical Vibration Through Seats: Influence of the Characteristics of the Human Body.” Journal of Sound and Vibration 330: 6526–6543.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, L., and M. J. Griffin. 1998. “The Prediction of Seat Transmissibility from Measures of Seat Impedance.” Journal of Sound and Vibration 214 (1): 121–137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitham, E. M., and M. J. Griffin. 1977. Measuring Vibration on Soft Seats, SAE 770253, Society of Automotive Engineering International Automotive Engineering Congress and Exposition, Cobohall, Detroit.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., Y. Qiu, and M. J. Griffin. 2012. “Transmission of Vertical Floor Vibration to Various Locations on a Car Seat.” In: Proceedings of the 47th UK Conference on the Human Response to Vibration, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, September 17–19.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., Y. Qiu, and M. J. Griffin. 2013. “Static and Dynamic Stiffness of the Cushion of a Car Seat.” In: Proceedings of the 48th UK Conference on the Human Response to Vibration, Sunningdale Park, Ascot, England, September 16–18.
   Google Scholar
• Zheng, G., Y. Qiu, and M. J. Griffin. 2011. “An Analytic Model of the In-Line and Cross-Axis Apparent Mass of the Seated Human Body Exposed to Vertical Vibration with and Without a Backrest.” Journal of Sound and Vibration 330 (1): 6509–6525.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar