References
- Andersen, J. H., J. P. Haahr, and P. Frost. 2007. “Risk Factors for More Severe Regional Musculoskeletal Symptoms: A Two-Year Prospective Study of a General Working Population.” Arthritis and Rheumatism 56 (4): 1355–1364. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/art.22513.
- Arvidsson, I., A. Axmon, and S. Skerfving. 2008. “Follow-up Study of Musculoskeletal Disorders 20 Months after the Introduction of a Mouse-Based Computer System.” Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 34 (5): 374–380. doi:https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1277.
- Arvidsson, I., I. Balogh, G.-Å. Hansson, K. Ohlsson, I. Akesson, and C. Nordander. 2012. “Rationalization in Meat Cutting – Consequences on Physical Workload.” Applied Ergonomics 43 (6): 1026–1032. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2012.03.001.
- Arvidsson, I., G.-Å. Hansson, S. E. Mathiassen, and S. Skerfving. 2006. “Changes in Physical Workload with Implementation of Mouse-Based Information Technology in Air Traffic Control.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 36 (7): 613–622. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2006.03.002.
- Babski-Reeves, K., and A. Calhoun. 2016. “Muscle Activity and Posture Differences in the Sit and Stand Phases of Sit-to-Stand Workstation Use: A Comparison of Computer Configurations.” IIE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics & Human Factors. 4 (4): 236–246. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/21577323.2016.1226991.
- Bao, S., and J.-H. Lin. 2018. “An Investigation into Four Different Sit-Stand Workstation Use Schedules.” Ergonomics 61 (2): 243–254. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2017.1353139.
- Barbieri, D. F., S. E. Mathiassen, D. Srinivasan, W. M. Dos Santos, R. S. Inoue, A. A. G. Siqueira, H. C. Nogueira, and A. B. Oliveira. 2017. “Sit–Stand Tables with Semi-Automated Position Changes: A New Interactive Approach for Reducing Sitting in Office Work.” IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors 5 (1): 39–46. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/24725838.2016.1259191.
- Barbieri, D. F., D. Srinivasan, S. E. Mathiassen, H. C. Nogueira, and A. B. Oliveira. 2015. “The Ability of Non-Computer Tasks to Increase Biomechanical Exposure Variability in Computer-Intensive Office Work.” Ergonomics 58 (1): 50–64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2014.965753.
- Barbieri, D. F., D. Srinivasan, S. E. Mathiassen, and A. B. Oliveira. 2019. “Variation in Upper Extremity, Neck and Trunk Postures When Performing Computer Work at a Sit-Stand Station.” Applied Ergonomics 75: 120–128. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2018.09.012.
- Barbieri, D. F., D. Srinivasan, S. E. Mathiassen, and A. B. Oliveira. 2017. “Comparison of Sedentary Behaviors in Office Workers Using Sit-Stand Tables with and without Semiautomated Position Changes.” Human Factors 59 (5): 782–795. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720817695771.
- Callaghan, J. P., and S. M. McGill. 2001. “Low Back Joint Loading and Kinematics during Standing and Unsupported Sitting.” Ergonomics 44 (3): 280–294. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130118276.
- Chambers, A. J., M. M. Robertson, and N. A. Baker. 2019. “The Effect of Sit-Stand Desks on Office Worker Behavioral and Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review.” Applied Ergonomics 78: 37–53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2019.01.015.
- Chau, J. Y., M. Daley, S. Dunn, A. Srinivasan, A. Do, A. E. Bauman, and H. P. van der Ploeg. 2014. “The Effectiveness of Sit-Stand Workstations for Changing Office Workers' Sitting Time: Results from the Stand@Work Randomized Controlled Trial Pilot.” The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 11: 127. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-014-0127-7.
- Choobineh, A., M. Motamedzade, M. Kazemi, A. Moghimbeigi, and A. Heidari Pahlavian. 2011. “The Impact of Ergonomics Intervention on Psychosocial Factors and Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Office Workers.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 41 (6): 671–676. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2011.08.007.
- Ciccarelli, M., L. Straker, S. E. Mathiassen, and C. Pollock. 2013. “Variation in Muscle Activity among Office Workers When Using Different Information Technologies at Work and Away from Work.” Hum Factors 55 (5): 911–923. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720813485788.
- Ciccarelli, M., L. Straker, S. E. Mathiassen, and C. Pollock. 2014. “Posture Variation among Office Workers When Using Different Information and Communication Technologies at Work and Away from Work.” Ergonomics 57 (11): 1678–1686. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2014.945493.
- Commissaris, D. A., M. A. Huysmans, S. E. Mathiassen, D. Srinivasan, L. L. Koppes, and I. J. Hendriksen. 2016. “Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behavior and Increase Physical Activity during Productive Work: A Systematic Review.” Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 42 (3): 181–191. doi:https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3544.
- Davis, K. G., and S. E. Kotowski. 2014. “Postural Variability: An Effective Way to Reduce Musculoskeletal Discomfort in Office Work.” Human Factors 56 (7): 1249–1261. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720814528003.
- Dennerlein, J. T., and P. W. Johnson. 2006. “Different Computer Tasks Affect the Exposure of the Upper Extremity to Biomechanical Risk Factors.” Ergonomics 49 (1): 45–61. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130500321845.
- Fernström, E. A., and C. M. Åborg. 1999. “Alterations in Shoulder Muscle Activity Due to Changes in Data Entry Organisation.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 23 (3): 231–240. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8141(97)00058-9.
- Gao, Y., N. J. Cronin, A. J. Pesola, and T. Finni. 2016. “Muscle Activity Patterns and Spinal Shrinkage in Office Workers Using a sit-stand workstation versus a sit workstation.” Ergonomics 59 (10): 1267–1274. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2016.1139750.
- Gao, Y., M. Silvennoinen, A. J. Pesola, H. Kainulainen, N. J. Cronin, and T. Finni. 2017. “Acute Metabolic Response, Energy Expenditure, and EMG Activity in Sitting and Standing.” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49 (9): 1927–1934. doi:https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001305.
- Graves, L. E. F., R. C. Murphy, S. O. Shepherd, J. Cabot, and N. D. Hopkins. 2015. “Evaluation of Sit-Stand Workstations in an Office Setting: A Randomised Controlled Trial.” BMC Public Health 15: 1145. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2469-8.
- Griffiths, K. L., M. G. Mackey, and B. J. Adamson. 2011. “Behavioral and Psychophysiological Responses to Job Demands and Association with Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Computer Work.” Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 21 (4): 482–492. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-010-9263-3.
- Hansson, G.-Å., I. Balogh, K. Ohlsson, L. Granqvist, C. Nordander, I. Arvidsson, I. Åkesson, J. Unge, R. Rittner, U. Strömberg, and S. Skerfving. 2009. “Physical Workload in Various Types of Work: Part I. Wrist and Forearm.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 39 (1): 221–233. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2008.04.003.
- Hansson, G. Å. A., C. Nordander, P. Asterland, K. Ohlsson, U. Strömberg, S. Skerfving, and D. Rempel. 2000. “Sensitivity of Trapezius Electromyography to Differences between Work Tasks – Influence of Gap Definition and Normalisation Methods.” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology: Kinesiology 10 (2): 103–115. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1050-6411(99)00030-9.
- Healy, G. N., E. A. H. Winkler, E. G. Eakin, N. Owen, A. D. Lamontagne, M. Moodie, and D. W. Dunstan. 2017. “A Cluster RCT to Reduce Workers’ Sitting Time: Impact on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers.” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49 (10): 2032–2039. doi:https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001328.
- Hoe, V. C. W., D. M. Urquhart, H. L. Kelsall, E. N. Zamri, and M. R. Sim. 2018. “Ergonomic Interventions for Preventing Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Upper Limb and Neck among Office Workers.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 10: CD008570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008570.pub3.
- Holtermann, A., S. E. Mathiassen, and L. Straker. 2019. “Promoting Health and Physical Capacity during Productive Work: The Goldilocks Principle.” Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 45 (1): 90–97. doi:https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3754.
- Huysmans, M. A., D. Srinivasan, and S. E. Mathiassen. 2019. “Consistency of Sedentary Behavior Patterns among Office Workers with Long-Term Access to Sit-Stand Workstations.” Annals of Work Exposures and Health 63 (5): 583–591. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxz022.
- Jackson, J. A., S. E. Mathiassen, J. P. Callaghan, and P. G. Dempsey. 2017. “Precision Based Guidelines for Sub-Maximal Normalisation Task Selection for Trunk Extensor EMG.” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 37: 41–51. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2017.07.001.
- Josaphat, K. J., T. A. Kugathasan, R. E.R. Reid, M. Begon, P. M. Léger, E. Labonté-Lemoyne, S. Sénécal, D. Arvisais, and M. E. Mathieu. 2019. “Use of Active Workstations in Individuals with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review.” Obesity 27 (3): 362–379. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22388.
- Kelson, D. M., S. E. Mathiassen, and D. Srinivasan. 2019. “Trapezius Muscle Activity Variation during Computer Work Performed by Individuals with and without Neck-Shoulder Pain.” Applied Ergonomics 81: 102908. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102908.
- Lin, M. Y., A. Barbir, and J. T. Dennerlein. 2017. “Evaluating Biomechanics of User-Selected Sitting and Standing Computer Workstation.” Applied Ergonomics 65: 382–388. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2017.04.006.
- Lin, M. Y., M. Robertson, A. Barbir, M. Dainoff, S. Karol, J. B. Garza, and J. T. Dennerlein. 2014. “A Comparison of Upper Body Kinematics and Muscle Activation between Sit and Stand Computer Workstation Configuration.” Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 58 (1): 1451–1455. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931214581303.
- MacEwen, B. T., D. J. MacDonald, and J. F. Burr. 2015. “A Systematic Review of Standing and Treadmill Desks in the Workplace.” Preventive Medicine 70: 50–58. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.11.011.
- Mathiassen, S. E. 2006. “Diversity and Variation in Biomechanical Exposure: What Is It, and Why Would We Like to Know?” Applied Ergonomics 37 (4): 419–427. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2006.04.006.
- Mathiassen, S. E., A. Burdorf, A. J. van der Beek, and G.-A. Hansson. 2003. “Efficient One-Day Sampling of Mechanical Job Exposure Data-A Study Based on Upper Trapezius Activity in Cleaners and Office Workers.” AIHA Journal 64 (2): 196–211. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15428110308984809.
- Mathiassen, S. E., T. Möller, and M. Forsman. 2003. “Variability in Mechanical Exposure within and between Individuals Performing a Highly Constrained Industrial Work Task.” Ergonomics 46 (8): 800–824. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/0014013031000090125.
- Mathiassen, S. E., J. Winkel, and G. M. Hägg. 1995. “Normalization of Surface EMG Amplitude from the Upper Trapezius Muscle in Ergonomic Studies – A Review.” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 5 (4): 197–226. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/1050-6411(94)00014-x.
- Möller, T., S. E. Mathiassen, H. Franzon, and S. Kihlberg. 2004. “Job Enlargement and Mechanical Exposure Variability in Cyclic Assembly Work.” Ergonomics 47 (1): 19–40. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/0014013032000121651.
- Mork, P. J., and R. H. Westgaard. 2007. “The Influence of Body Posture, Arm Movement, and Work Stress on Trapezius Activity during Computer Work.” European Journal of Applied Physiology 101 (4): 445–456. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0518-4.
- Mork, P. J., and R. H. Westgaard. 2009. “Back Posture and Low Back Muscle Activity in Female Computer Workers: A Field Study.” Clinical Biomechanics 24 (2): 169–175. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.11.001.
- Mörl, F., and I. Bradl. 2013. “Lumbar Posture and Muscular Activity While Sitting during Office Work.” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 23 (2): 362–368. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.10.002.
- Neuhaus, M., E. G. Eakin, L. Straker, N. Owen, D. W. Dunstan, N. Reid, and G. N. Healy. 2014. “Reducing Occupational Sedentary Time: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Evidence on Activity-Permissive Workstations.” Obesity Reviews 15 (10): 822–838. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12201.
- Nordander, C., G.-Å. Hansson, K. Ohlsson, I. Arvidsson, I. Balogh, U. Strömberg, R. Rittner, and S. Skerfving. 2016. “ Exposure-Response Relationships for Work-Related Neck and Shoulder Musculoskeletal Disorders-Analyses of Pooled Uniform Data Sets.” Applied Ergonomics 55: 70–84. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2016.01.010.
- Nordander, C., G. A. Hansson, L. Rylander, P. Asterland, J. U. Byström, K. Ohlsson, I. Balogh, and S. Skerfving. 2000. “Muscular Rest and Gap Frequency as EMG Measures of Physical Exposure: The Impact of Work Tasks and Individual Related Factors.” Ergonomics 43 (11): 1904–1919. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130050174536.
- Park, J.-H., and D. Srinivasan. 2021. “The Effects of Prolonged Sitting, Standing, and an Alternating Sit-Stand Pattern on Trunk Mechanical Stiffness, Trunk Muscle Activation and Low Back Discomfort.” Ergonomics 1 Ergonomics 64 (8): 983–994. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2021.1886333.
- Richter, J. M., S. E. Mathiassen, H. P. Slijper, E. A. B. Over, and M. A. Frens. 2009. “Differences in Muscle Load between Computer and Non-Computer Work among Office Workers.” Ergonomics 52 (12): 1540–1555. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130903199905.
- Shrestha, N., K. T. Kukkonen-Harjula, J. H. Verbeek, S. Ijaz, V. Hermans, and Z. Pedisic. 2018. “Workplace Interventions for Reducing Sitting at Work.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018: CD010912. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010912.pub4.
- St-Onge, N., A. Samani, and P. Madeleine. 2017. “Integration of Active Pauses and Pattern of Muscular Activity during Computer Work.” Ergonomics 60 (9): 1228–1239. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2017.1303086.
- Straker, L., and S. E. Mathiassen. 2009. “Increased Physical Work Loads in Modern Work-A Necessity for Better Health and Performance??” Ergonomics 52 (10): 1215–1225. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130903039101.
- Thorn, S., K. Søgaard, L. A. C. Kallenberg, L. Sandsjö, G. Sjøgaard, H. J. Hermens, R. Kadefors, and M. Forsman. 2007. “Trapezius Muscle Rest Time during Standardised Computer Work-A Comparison of Female Computer Users with and without Self-reported Neck/Shoulder Complaints.” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 17 (4): 420–427. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2006.04.010.
- Trask, Catherine M., Kay Teschke, James Morrison, Peter Wallace Johnson, Judy Village, and Mieke Koehoorn. 2008. “How Long Is Long Enough? Evaluating Sampling Durations for Low Back EMG Assessment.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 5 (10): 664–670. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620802313840.
- Veiersted, K. B., M. Forsman, G.-Å. Hansson, and S. E. Mathiassen. 2013. “Assessment of Time Patterns of Activity and Rest in Full-Shift Recordings of Trapezius Muscle Activity – Effects of the Data Processing Procedure.” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 23 (3): 540–547. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.12.004.
- Visser, B., and J. H. van Dieën. 2006. “Pathophysiology of Upper Extremity Muscle Disorders.” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 16 (1): 1–16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2005.06.005.
- Wahlström, J. 2005. “Ergonomics, Musculoskeletal Disorders and Computer Work.” Occupational Medicine (Oxford, England) 55 (3): 168–176. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqi083.
- Wahlström, J., A. Lindegård, G. Ahlborg, A. Ekman, and M. Hagberg. 2003. “Perceived Muscular Tension, Emotional Stress, Psychological Demands and Physical Load during VDU Work.” International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 76 (8): 584–590. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-003-0454-5.
- Winkler, E. A. H., S. Chastin, E. G. Eakin, N. Owen, A. D. Lamontagne, M. Moodie, P. C. Dempsey, B. A. Kingwell, D. W. Dunstan, and G. N. Healy. 2018. “Cardiometabolic Impact of Changing Sitting, Standing, and Stepping in the Workplace.” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50 (3): 516–524. doi:https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001453.