Analysis of hallux valgus angles automatically extracted from 3D foot scans taken in North America, Europe, and Asia

References

• Adams, P.F., and V. Benson. 1991. “Current Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 1990.” Vital and Health Statistics 181: 1–212.
   Google Scholar
• Ales, J., J. Zabkar, and S. Dzeroski. 2019. “Foot Width Dispersion of Male Customers in the US and Canada.” Footwear Science 11 (sup1): 163–165. doi:10.1080/19424280.2019.1606307.
   Google Scholar
• Barisch-Fritz, B., T. Schmeltzpfenning, C. Plank, and S. Grau. 2014. “Foot Deformation during Walking: Differences between Static and Dynamic 3D Foot Morphology in Developing Feet.” Ergonomics 57 (6): 921–933. doi:10.1080/00140139.2014.899629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnicot, N.A., and R.H. Hardy. 1955. “The Position of the Hallux in West Africans.” Journal of Anatomy 89 (3): 355–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branthwaite, H., N. Chockalingam, and A. Greenhalgh. 2013. “The Effect of Shoe Toe Box Shape and Volume on Forefoot Interdigital and Plantar Pressures in Healthy Females.” Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 6 (1): 28. doi:10.1186/1757-1146-6-28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, W.S., and F. Chin. 1996. “Approximation of Polygonal Curves with Minimum Number of Line Segments or Minimum Error.” International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications 6 (1): 59–77. doi:10.1142/S0218195996000058.
   Google Scholar
• Choung, S.-D., S.-Y. Kang, M.-H. Kim, and J.-H. Weon. 2013. “Reliability and Validity of the Goniometer for Hallux Valgus Angle Measurement.” Physical Therapy Korea 20 (2): 46–51. doi:10.12674/ptk.2013.20.2.046.
   Google Scholar
• Cobos-Moreno, Paula, Álvaro Astasio-Picado, and Beatriz Gómez-Martín. 2022. “Epidemiological Study of Foot Injuries in the Practice of Sport Climbing.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 (7): 4302. doi:10.3390/ijerph19074302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. 1988. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• D’AoÛt, K., T.C. Pataky, D. De Clercq, and P. Aerts. 2009. “The Effects of Habitual Footwear Use: foot Shape and Function in Native Barefoot Walkers.” Footwear Science 1 (2): 81–94. doi:10.1080/19424280903386411.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, N., H. Branthwaite, and N. Chockalingam. 2015. “Where Should a School Shoe Provide Flexibility and Support for the Asymptomatic 6- to 10-Year-Olds and on What Information is This Based? A Delphi Yielded Consensus.” Prosthetics and Orthotics International 39 (3): 213–218. doi:10.1177/0309364614522684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewi SS, Rahmasari F, Kamal AF, Cahayadi SD, and Herqutanto . 2019. “Hallux Valgus among Sales Promotion Women Wearing High Heels in a Department Store.” Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 27 (1): 2309499019828456. doi:10.1177/2309499019828456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobson, J.A., D.L. Riddiford-Harland, A.F. Bell, and J.R. Steele. 2018. “The Three-Dimensional Shapes of Underground Coal Miners’ Feet Do Not Match the Internal Dimensions of Their Work Boots.” Ergonomics 61 (4): 588–602. doi:10.1080/00140139.2017.1397201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobson, J.A., D.L. Riddiford-Harland, A.F. Bell, and J.R. Steele. 2018. “How Do we Fit Underground Coal Mining Work Boots?” Ergonomics 61 (11): 1496–1506. doi:10.1080/00140139.2018.1489069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreyra, Martín, Mariano Núñez-Samper, Ramón Viladot, Javier Ruiz, Albert Isidro, and Luis Ibañez. 2020. “What Do we Know about Hallux Valgus Pathogenesis?: Review of the Different Theories.” Journal of the Foot & Ankle 14 (3): 223–230. doi:10.30795/jfootankle.2020.v14.1202.
   Google Scholar
• Fournier, M., A. Saxena, and N. Maffulli. 2019. “Hallux Valgus Surgery in the Athlete: Current Evidence.” The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery 58 (4): 641–643. doi:10.1053/j.jfas.2018.04.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-Elena, M.L., A. Castro-Méndez, M. Coheña-Jiménez, and A. Córdoba-Fernández. 2021. “Relationship of the Use of Short Footwear with the Development of Hallux Valgus in a Sample of Andalusian Schoolchildren.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (21): 11244. doi:10.3390/ijerph182111244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurn, S.E., B.T. Vicenzino, and M.D. Smith. 2016. “Non-Surgical Treatment of Hallux Valgus: A Current Practice Survey of Australian Podiatrists.” Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 9 (16): 16. doi:10.1186/s13047-016-0146-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imai, H., and M. Iri. 1986. “Computational-Geometric Methods for Polygonal Approximations of a Curve.” Computer Vision Graphics and Image Processing. 36 (1): 31–41. doi:10.1016/S0734-189X(86)80027-5.
   Google Scholar
• Janson, D., S.T. Newman, and V. Dhokia. 2021. “Safety Footwear: A Survey of End-Users.” Applied Ergonomics 92: 103333. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssen, D.M., A.P. Sanders, N.A. Guldemond, J. Hermus, G.H. Walenkamp, and L.W. van Rhijn. 2014. “A Comparison of Hallux Valgus Angles Assessed with Computerised Plantar Pressure Measurements, Clinical Examination and Radiography in Patients with Diabetes.” Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 7 (1): 33. doi:10.1186/1757-1146-7-33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jurca, Ales, Jure Žabkar, and Sašo Džeroski. 2019. “Analysis of 1.2 Million Foot Scans from North America.” Scientific Reports 9 (1): 19155. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55432-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilmartin, T.E., and A. Bishop. 1988. “Hallux Abductus Measurement: Repeatability Trials of a Clinical Measuring Instrument.” Chiropodist 43: 185–187.
   Google Scholar
• Kilmartin, T.E. 1994. “The Orthotic Treatment of Juvenile Hallux Valgus.” PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.
   Google Scholar
• Kinz, W., E. Groll-Knapp, and M. Kundi. 2021. “Hallux Valgus in Pre-School-Aged Children: The Effects of Too-Short Shoes on the Hallux Angle and the Effects of Going Barefoot on Podiatric Health.” Footwear Science 13 (1): 29–42. doi:10.1080/19424280.2020.1853826.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kouchi, M. 1998. “Foot Dimensions and Foot Shape: Differences Due to Growth, Generation and Ethnic Origin.” Anthropological Science 106 (Supplement): 161–188. doi:10.1537/ase.106.Supplement_161.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kusumoto, A., T. Suzuki, C. Kumakura, and K. Ashizawa. 1996. “A Comparative Study of Foot Morphology between Filipino and Japanese Women, with Reference to the Significance of a Deformity like Hallux Valgus as a Normal Variation.” Annals of Human Biology 23 (5): 373–385. doi:10.1080/03014469600004622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwan, M.-Y., K.-L. Yick, J. Yip, and C.-Y. Tse. 2021. “Hallux Valgus Orthosis Characteristics and Effectiveness: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.” BMJ Open 11 (8): e047273. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, Y.-C., M. Kouchi, M. Mochimaru, and M.-J. Wang. 2015. “Comparing 3D Foot Shape Models between Taiwanese and Japanese Females.” Journal of Human Ergology 44 (1): 11–20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin-Casado, Laura, Christian Barquín, Alberto Aldana-Caballero, Felix Marcos-Tejedor, and Xavier Aguado. 2021. “Environmental Factors as a Cause of Differences in the Feet of Ecuadorian Children and Its Relation to Their Footwear.” Children 8 (6): 459. doi:10.3390/children8060459.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McRitchie, M., H. Branthwaite, and N. Chockalingam. 2018. “Footwear Choices for Painful Feet – An Observational Study Exploring Footwear and Foot Problems in Women.” Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 11 (1): 23.doi:10.1186/s13047-018-0265-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mei, Q., Y. Gu, L. Xiang, P. Yu, Z. Gao, V. Shim, and J. Fernandez. 2020. “Foot Shape and Plantar Pressure Relationships in Shod and Barefoot Populations.” Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 19 (4): 1211–1224. doi:10.1007/s10237-019-01255-w.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menz, H.B., and S.E. Munteanu. 2005. “Radiographic Validation of the Manchester Scale for the Classification of Hallux Valgus Deformity.” Rheumatology 44 (8): 1061–1066. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keh687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menz, H.B., E. Roddy, M. Marshall, M.J. Thomas, T. Rathod, G.M. Peat, and P.R. Croft. 2016. “Epidemiology of Shoe Wearing Patterns over Time in Older Women: Associations with Foot Pain and Hallux Valgus.” The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 71 (12): 1682–1687. doi:10.1093/gerona/glw004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menz, H.B., M. Marshall, M.J. Thomas, T. Rathod-Mistry, G.M. Peat, and E. Roddy. 2021. “Incidence and Progression of Hallux Valgus: A Prospective Cohort Study.” Arthritis Care & Research. doi:10.1002/acr.24754.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mickle, K.J., B.J. Munro, S.R. Lord, H.B. Menz, and J.R. Steele. 2010. “Foot Shape of Older People: Implications for Shoe Design.” Footwear Science 2 (3): 131–139. doi:10.1080/19424280.2010.487053.
   Google Scholar
• Mits, S.D., P. Coorevits, D.D. Clercq, D. Elewaut, J.J. Woodburn, and P. Roosen. 2010. “Reliability and Validity of the Infoot 3D Foot Digitizer for Normal Healthy Adults.” Footwear Science 2 (2): 65–75. doi:10.1080/19424281003685694.
   Google Scholar
• Nix, S., M. Smith, and B. Vicenzino. 2010. “Prevalence of Hallux Valgus in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 3 (1): 21. doi:10.1186/1757-1146-3-21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roddy, E., W. Zhang, and M. Doherty. 2008. “Prevalence and Associations of Hallux Valgus in a Primary Care Population.” Arthritis and Rheumatism 59 (6): 857–862. doi:10.1002/art.23709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saghazadeh, M., N. Kitano, and T. Okura. 2015. “Gender Differences of Foot Characteristics in Older Japanese Adults Using a 3D Foot Scanner.” Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 8 (1): 29. doi:10.1186/s13047-015-0087-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, G., H.B. Menz, and L. Newcombe. 2007. “Age-Related Differences in Foot Structure and Function.” Gait & Posture 26 (1): 68–75. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.07.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shu, Y., Q. Mei, J. Fernandez, Z. Li, N. Feng, and Y. Gu. 2015. “Foot Morphological Difference between Habitually Shod and Unshod Runners.” PLOS One 10 (7): e0131385. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilder, M.H. 1980. “Prevalence of Chronic Skin and Musculoskeletal Conditions, United States, 1969.” Vital and Health Statistics 10 (92): 1–65.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, J., P. Hlavacek, B. Xu, and W. Chen. 2013. “Approach for Measuring the Angle of Hallux Valgus.” Indian Journal of Orthopaedics 47 (3): 278–282. doi:10.4103/0019-5413.109875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar